Mawu kalankhulidwe kena ndi zitsanzo za phindu. Kodi mawu kalankhulidwe kena?

Lexical zikuchokera chinenero Russian ndi osiyanasiyana ndi chidwi kwambiri. Iwo ali kwambiri mawu pachiyambi zodziwika kokha kwa bwalo yopapatiza ya anthu. Mu lexicology kuwatcha zoletsa ntchito ndi kumasula m'magulu wapadera. Zimenezi ndi mawu akatswiri lotha ndi kalankhulidwe kena.

Recent zambiri angamvele m'midzi. Alipo makamaka kukambirana moyo ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri zimasonyeza zenizeni alipo kumeneko. Ndipo dzina la alendo phunziro lomwelo mofanana akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana: ndi "m'dera" m'chinenero.

Kalankhulidwe kena mawu - ndichiyani?

"Kuseri kwa nyumba msipu seletok". Osati ambiri anamva Chiweruziro adzamvetsa zimene uli pangozi. M'pomveka. Seletkom m'mudzi Russian limatchedwa ndi mwana.

Chilankhulo - mawu kuti zikukangalika ntchito anthu a dera ndi sali m'gulu lililonse la magulu a chinenero lexical. kuchulukana kwambiri zikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi m'madera angapo kapena dera lonse.

Chidwi m'njira "m'dera" m'nthawi ya 18 unachokera mu Russia. Popeza akatswiri a zinenero ndiye angapo ndipo akatswiri a zinenero, kuphatikizapo V. Dal Potebnya, Shakhmatov, Vygotskii neri Al., Ayesetsa umenewu. Iwo anayang'ana pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi zitsanzo za ntchito mawu chilankhulo. Mu mabuku, onse mawu zoweta ndi achilendo lero intersects ndi mfundo monga zinenero madera (makamaka mawu m'madera osiyana), dialectology chikhalidwe (zitenga mu m'badwo nkhani, ntchito, onyamula chikhalidwe udindo m'zilembo wamba).

chilankhulo gulu chinenero cha Chirasha

Mu Russia pali mitundu ingapo ya zinenero zina zambiri. Mfundo zikuluzikulu za gulu la mawu chilankhulo mu gulu - malo. Malinga ndi iye akutali kum'mwera ndi kumpoto chilankhulo, amene nawonso, monga m'zilembo angapo. Pakati pawo ndi ku Central Russian m'zilembo, omwe anakhala maziko mapangidwe chinenero chamakono Russian , choncho chinthu chachikulu pafupi ponseponse zolembalemba.

Gulu lililonse amakhala ndi mawu awo chilankhulo. Zitsanzo za magawanidwe awa (kuphatikizapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito): House - kanyumba (adakhala.) - Hata; (kum'mwera.) nkhani - nyambo (adakhala.) - Gutara (South.).

mawu maphunziro chilankhulo

Aliyense akuti, monga ulamuliro, amakhazikitsa mbali mwini chosiyana. Komanso, Science anaganiza kuonetsetsa magulu angapo zosiyana mu njira yopezera mawu chilankhulo (zitsanzo amapatsidwa poyerekeza ndi mwakale).

1. Kwenikweni mawu. Iwo mwina alibe mogwirizana ndi mawu a chinenero mabuku (mwachitsanzo, mapuloteni m'chigawo Pskov - Vecchio, kugula mu Voronezh - sapetka) kapena anapanga ku muzu alipo ndi kusunga tanthauzo amafotokoza (mu dera Smolensk: dongosolo loletsa kamodzi adamulowetsa - kotero thukuta).
2. Lexical-mawu mapangidwe. Wosiyana mawu wamba chabe mwamatapo chimodzi: wosaukayo - ndi Don mavuto, kulankhulalankhula - mu Ryazan razgovorchity etc.
3. Phonemic. Mosiyana ndi malamulo zolembalemba alipo ndi imodzi phoneme (phokoso): andyuk m'malo Turkey, pahmurny - ie mitambo.
4. Osemanticheskie. Kwathunthu zofanana ndi mawu ofanana mu phokoso, kulemba ndi mawonekedwe, koma osiyana lexical tanthauzo: kuthamanga m'dera Smolensk - agile, Zakudyazi mu dera Ryazan - dzina la nthomba.

Lofotokoza moyo mwa mawu kalankhulidwe kena

M'madera ambiri pali mbali ya moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, makhalidwe, ubale pakati pa anthu amene nthawi zambiri kupeza mawu kulankhula. Recreate chithunzi thunzi chokwanira cha moyo Zikatero, n'zotheka mu mawu chilankhulo. Zitsanzo za mawu yotulutsa munthu zigawo zikuluzikulu mu dongosolo wonse wa tsiku ndi tsiku:

• njira ya stacking ndi bales wa maudzu dziputu (dzina wamba - Baburka) mu dera Pskov: soyanka - makongoletsedwe yaing'ono, odonok - zazikulu;
• Dzina la mwana m'dera Yaroslavl: mpaka 1 chaka - sucker, kuchokera 1 mpaka zaka 2 - chisanu nkhanu, 2 kwa zaka 3 - Učka.

Zoti mbali ethnographic kapena malo

Njira ina - pamene mawu chilankhulo (zitsanzo komanso kufunika kwake nthawi zonse kukopa chidwi 'akunja') awathandize kumvetsa moyo chipangizo palokha. Choncho, kumpoto kwa nyumba, ndipo anapanga outbuildings onse kumanga pansi pa denga wina. Choncho, ambiri mawu "m'dera" kutanthauza ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za mbali ya nyumba: mlatho - denga ndi khonde, kanyumba - wamoyo chipinda, denga - m'kachipinda kaja, kuk - wamoyo chipinda chapamwamba, ndipo anakhetsa - barani, Zhirkov - malo mu khola ziweto.

Mu m'mphepete Meshersky wa gawo lalikulu la zachuma nkhalango. Iwo amagwirizana ndi gulu lalikulu la maina amene amapanga mawu chinenero. Zitsanzo za mawu: fumbi - anaona, masingano - iglishnik chosema malo mu nkhalango - kutema, munthu chinkhoswe mu kudula stumps - peneshnik.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu chilankhulo mu zopeka

Olemba ntchito pa mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse imene angathe recreate m'mlengalenga yoyenera ndi Kuwulura mawonekedwe a zithunzi. Yofunika mu ichi mawu kusewera chilankhulo. Zitsanzo za ntchito zawo angapezeke mu ntchito ya Pushkin, Turgenev, Esenin, M. Sholokhov, F. Abramov, V. Rasputin, V. Astafieva, Prishvin ndi ena ambiri. Kunadetsa kutembenukira kwa chilankhulo mawu olemba amene ali mwana anathera m'mudzi. Monga ulamuliro, olemba okha kupereka mawu a m'munsi munali kutanthauzira mawu ndipo malo awo ntchito.

Chilankhulo mbali mu zithunzi angakhale osiyana. Koma Mulimonsemo iwo kupereka malemba ndi kuthandiza kuzindikira wapadera malingaliro mlembi.

Mwachitsanzo, Esenin - wolemba ndakatulo, amene waukulu njira yomanga moyo wakumudzi ndi mawu chabe Ryazan chilankhulo. Zitsanzo za ntchito zawo "wakale dilapidated shushune" - mtundu wa zovala akazi, "pakhomo mu dezhke Brew" - mphika matabwa kwa mtanda.

Korolenko amagwiritsa ntchito mawu m'dera polenga malo sewero: "... kuyang'ana chivwende" - gorge. Kapena Turgenev: "... dera lomaliza (zikuluzikulu m'nkhalango tchire) idzatha."

Otchedwa "mudzi" olemba ndi njira imodzi kulenga chithunzi zolembalemba - mawu ngwazi, womwenso mawu chilankhulo. Zitsanzo: "vospod (Ambuye) mumapindula (thandizo)" kuchokera V. Astaf'eva, "chimodzi (iwo) ... dziko iznahratyat (zofunkha)" - mu V. Rasputin.

Tanthauzo la mawu chilankhulo angapezeke mu dikishonare: mu ofotokozera, iwo siidzasoŵa dera. - dera kapena kuyimba. - chilankhulo. Kayankhulidwe waukulu wapadera ndi "Dictionary a m'zilembo Russian wowerengeka."

Kuyamba ankalankhula chinenero muyezo

Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti mawu, kamodzi ntchito kokha gulu lina la anthu, zipita gulu la anthu wamba. Iyi ndi ndondomeko yaitali, makamaka pa nkhani ya "m'dera", koma izo zikuchitika mu nthawi yathu.

Kotero, anthu ochepa kwambiri amene angabwere m'maganizo, amene ndithu odziwika bwino mawu "kaphokoso" choyambiriracho ndi chilankhulo. Tikutero chifukwa chilemba cha Ivan Turgenev mu "Mfundo za Hunter", "mabango enanso anabedwa, monga ife timati," ie, mu chigawo Oryol. Wolemba kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu a ntchito monga onomatopoeia ndi.

Kapena osachepera wamba - wolamulira wankhanza amene, pamene Ostrovsky anali ankalankhula mu Pskov ndi Tver zigawo. Chifukwa Wolemba wina yakhala kuthi kubadwanso mwatsopano, ndipo lero palibe wina wafunsa mafunso.

Awa ndi zitsanzo lakutali. Pa chilankhulo mawu ntchito amafanana ndi kadzidzi, tues, mbano.

Tsoka la mawu chilankhulo mu nthawi yathu

Chifukwa kuwonjezeka M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kusamuka m'dzikoli, m'zilembo tsopano akulankhula makamaka Achikulire. chifukwa ndi losavuta - chinenero chawo unakhazikitsidwa mu zinthu zomwezo, pamene kukhulupirika kwa anthu ena zigawo Russia anali amphamvu. Kwakukulu ntchito za anthu amene amaphunzira mawu chilankhulo chimene tsopano anakhala mmodzi wa njira kuphunzira ethnographic ndi chikhalidwe chitukuko ndi chizindikiro cha anthu Russian, kutsindika payekha wake ndi wapadera. Mbadwo apano - ndi kukumbukira amoyo a m'mbuyomu.