Zining'a English anawamasulira - zitsanzo ndi mfundo

Kuti akonze mbuye phale, muyenera mitundu itatu yokha: wofiira, wachikasu, buluu. Kusakaniza iwo, timachotsa otchedwa wapakatikati: wobiriwira, lalanje ndi chibakuwa. Ndiyeno? Kutali, mitundu ndi mithunzi, popanda moyo - wakuda ndi woyera filimu. Ndicho chimene chimachitika mu chinenero: makalata, phokoso syllables, mawu, mawu, ndipo, ndithudi, Zining'a, popanda moyo chimakhala wakuda ndi woyera chete filimu. Onse Zining'a English nazonso.

phraseology

Kodi mawu okuluwika? Pali mkulu-nyamuka kumanga ndi zambiri makonde ndi zipinda pansi pa dzina "zilankhulo". Tikuyenera kutenganso kugogoda pa m'kalasi opondapo amatchedwa "phraseology". Pano ndi kuchita maphunziro a mayunitsi phraseological - wangwiro, limaonetseratu osakaniza mawu amene ali limodzi phindu Integrated ndi kuchita chimodzimodzi syntactic ntchito.

Mwachitsanzo - Zining'a a Chingerezi ndi kumasulira: mmodzi ndi manja - osasamala, osasamala, slipshod; mu ukufalikira thanzi - «wathanzi, wamphamvu, magazi ndi mkaka; lililonse inchi mfumu - alipo, kuyambira kumutu mpaka chala, ndipo ena.

English

Phraseology - weniweni zakuya chinenero, popanda pobereka. Onani zimenezi kudzatithandiza Zining'a mu chingelezi, limene kwa zaka odzipereka mbiri ya anthu, maganizo, chikhalidwe, moyo, makhalidwe mtundu wawo. Iwo basi kuthandiza kupeza magwero chachikulu cha chiyambi cha Zining'a. Pa chiyambi cha Zining'a English anawagawa m'magulu awiri: mbadwa English ndi yobwereka. Otsiriza, nayenso, kuti lagawidwa mtanda chinenero ndi Intralanguage. Apa, mu kalasi yapadera allocated kukabwereka Zining'a mu mtundu wachilendo.

Kuchokera pamwamba ife Lembani izi magawo anayi:

• mbadwa English Zining'a;
• pobwereka ku zinenero zina;
• Intralanguage sankakhala - Zining'a, amene anadza ku US, Australia English;
• Zining'a anabwereka mu mtundu wachilendo.

Ndipo tsopano zambiri za aliyense wa zinthu zakumwamba.

Native Zining'a English

Izi ndi gulu mwachilungamo lalikulu. Tinganene zambiri zikuchokera idiomatic English. Mkati mwa mtundu uwu ndi magulu zotsatirazi: Choyamba, ndi khola ma kugwirizana ndi zenizeni English. Mwachitsanzo, abadwe mwa kulira kwa mabelu Uta, kutanthauza "kudzabadwira ku London," koma kumasulira kwenikweni zikumveka ngati "wobadwa kulira kwa mabelu wa mpingo wa St Mary-Le-Uta." Mfundo kuti odziwika bwino mpingo mu mtima likulu la England.

Kenako - mawu okuluwika zimene zikugwirizananso miyambo ndi a British. Mwachitsanzo, tiyerekeze Zining'a ngati English yomasulira: kudula wina ndi Kwacha ndi - kusiya cholowa (ngati cholowa cha okha Kwacha imodzi, kotero kuchita izi chidaperekedwa mwadala); kukhala pamwamba (m'munsimu) mchere - kutenga mkulu (otsika) mlingo mu maudindo osiyanasiyana (malinga ndi zaka English mwambo wa mchere anaika pakati pa gome, ndi alendo pansi malinga ndi udindo wawo: mfulu - pakuti chimaliziro chapamwamba gome, ndi osauka - kuti pansi).

Osati popanda chikhulupiriro British: kuti nampsompsona ndi Blarney mwala - kukhala otsogola munthu (malinga ndi nthano, aliyense amene amapsyopsyona mwala, yomwe ili mu chinyumba ku Ireland Blarney, ola ndiye mwini wa mphatso ya kulankhula, wosyasyalika).

Baibulo

Phraseological yaikulu cholowa mu chingelezi tasiya Baibulo ndi lalikulu Vilyam Shekspir.

chiwerengero cha "biblicisms" kapena m'Baibulo amaika mawu, kwambiri kotero kuti atchule iwo - ndithu zovuta. Pakuti munthu wina kwambiri ntchito mu English masiku ano anawerenga mawu otsatirawa: kubala wina mtanda - kuti anyamule mtanda; kupha wonenepa ng'ombe »- amatanthauza kubaya maselo mafuta (a nkhani za msonkhano wa mwana wolowerera), ndiko mwansangala wolandiridwa; kukafesa mphepo ndi kukolola kamvuluvulu - kubzala mphepo - kukolola mkuntho, analangidwa koopsa chifukwa cha zoipa; kuti patsinde pa mpesa wa munthu ndi mkuyu - amatanthauza patsinde pa mpesa ndi ya mkuyu wake mtengo, chomwe chimatanthauza kukhala kunyumba mtendere ndi chitetezo, kukhala kunyumba.

Kuyenera otchulidwa kuti ambiri mwa mfundo za English mayunitsi phraseological a m'Baibulo chiyambi chosemphana ndi awo buku zinachitika, chifukwa reconsideration a nkhani za m'Baibulo pa nthawi, komanso kuchotsa archaisms zina ndi kumasintha dongosolo la mawu.

Vilyam Shekspir

wosanjikiza china chofunika - ndi "Shakespearianism" ie, khola akuti kugwirizana ndi ntchito za Shakespeare. chiwerengero chawo okwana ali oposa zana mayunitsi. Mwachitsanzo, midsummer misala - misala (ndi kusewera "akhumi Night"); saladi masiku - achinyamata wobiriwira, ndi nthawi ikuthamanga osadziwa (kusewera "Anthony ndipo Cleopatra"); kupambana maganizo golide - chifukwa konsekonse kusirira (ndi kusewera "Henry IV») ndi ena ambiri.

Palinso akhala ena kulitsatira ku malemba a Wolemba wina wamkulu: permutation, kuchepetsa ziganizo, m'malo ena mawu ndi ena. Komabe, pali nthawi pamene mawu makamaka akhala agwera kusagwiritsiridwa kwake, koma anapitiriza maonekedwe ake apachiyambi, phindu mu "Shakespearianism". A chitsanzo chapadera ndi zolowa amene Bourne palibe akadzabweranso wapaulendo - kuchokera kumwamba imfa, palibe amene adzabwerenso, omwe akupitiriza moyo archaism wake Bourne - malire malire.

English Literature ndi History

English chakale mabuku, munthu anganene, wapanga amathandiza kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha dongosolo la English phraseology. Kuwonjezera Shakespeare, olemba monga Dzhefri Chosser, dzina lake Aleksandr Poup, Walter Scott, Dzhon Milton, Charles Dickens ndi ena ambiri Polemeretsedwa Chingelezi idiomatic thumba. Mwachitsanzo, kuti akamkole smb. red-chimanjamanja (Valter Skott) - kuti akakole red-chimanjamanja katengedwe pa upandu powonekera; kugwa pa masiku oipa (Dzhon Milton) - masiku wakuda, kuti ochita kusamutsidwa moyo wovutika umphawi; thumba la mafupa (Charles Dickens) - khungu ndi mafupa, kuti wotopa; munthu Friday (Defoe) - Lachisanu; mtumiki wokhulupirika.

Mu gulu omwewo ankasunga kuchiŵerengero mayunitsi phraseological, monga gawo limene pali mayina a wotchuka, wolemekezeka England: Hobson anamusankha - kusankha mokangamiza, anakakamizika kusankha (Robson - mwini wake wa makola mu Cambridge m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi zofuna ogula kuti azimwa pa kavalo, ndilo pafupi kutuluka)

sankakhala

Monga tanena anabwereka mayunitsi phraseological mu English kwambiri komanso akhoza kugawidwa mu subgroups. Malo oyamba mosamala patsogolo, kamodzi kuwoloka nyanja ku United States ndi molimba mtima phazi m'mphepete mwa Albion. Izi otchedwa Intralanguage ngongole. Monga ulamuliro, iwo zokhudzana ndi ntchito luso la olemba American: wamphamvuyonse dollar (W. Irving) - ndi nditaona mawu "Wamphamvuyonse dollar"; otsiriza hurray (O'Connor) - swansong, ndi hurray otsiriza; otsiriza a Mohicans (F. Cooper) - ndi mmodzi mwa anthu "Russian-English Zining'a", monga ali mnzake ake mu chinenero Russian - wotsiriza wa Mohicans, kazembe womaliza, ndi ena.

Ndiye pali wakale zojambula - Zining'a, ndinalowa mu chingelezi ku masamba a olemba akale, komanso zikhulupiliro za Greece ndi Rome: achiles 'chidendene - ofooka malo, ndi Achilles' chidendene; apulo kusagwirizana - chifukwa chachikulu cha udani kapena kukangana, fupa makani; lagolide zaka - kutukuka nthawi ya chitsitsimutso, m'badwo wagolide.

Kenako, kutsatira atsikira ngongole ku French, German, Spanish, Dutch, Chinese, Chidanishi, Russian Zilankhulo: chilakolako akubwera ndi kudya (Fransua Rable) - chilakolako akubwera ndi kudya; magazi ndi chitsulo - linamasulira "chitsulo ndi magazi" m'lingaliro "ntchito wofunafuna mphamvu '(mfundo khalidwe mfundo Bismarck kwambiri mumtima adani kucheza m'mayiko German); kuweramira pa makina oyendera mphepo (Cervantes) - kukamenyana makina oyendera mphepo; ndi wonyansa konyansa (Andersen AH) - wosakongola konyansa kunja wokongola, koma mkati mtundu ndi kumva, pamaso budding, koma kenako zosayembekezereka mbali kutsegula; Odwala Munthu Europe - mawu awa akhoza zimachitika m'gulu la "Zining'a Russian mu chingelezi," ndipo limatanthauza "munthu wodwala Europe" (iwo amatamanda Nicholas, amene akutchedwa monga Turkey).