Stances - izo ... Kodi mawu a m'mabuku? Mawu a Pushkin, Lermontov, Yesenin ndi ndakatulo zina

Stances ndi mtundu wanyimbo andakatulo akale, amene anatsalira otchuka ndi ndakatulo wa Nthawi ina. olemba osiyana analenga mawu, nthawi zambiri anatembenukira kwa ndime iyi ndi ndakatulo Russian.

Kodi mawu

Italy imatengedwa malo mawu. Mawu "Vesi" latembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Italiya monga "chipinda" kapena "amasiya." Station ku Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano zomangamanga - chipinda imene mapepala walemba kapena kuchititsa misonkhano zofunika, monga Vesi Della Senyatura. Mu chilengedwe ndi ulemerero wa chipinda nawo wotchuka Rafael Santi.

Mu mawu mabuku - ndi Vesi, omwe ali wapadera yake tanthauzo, ie, vesi lililonse latsopano sali kwa wina m'mbuyomu, koma wathunthu lonse. Vesi Mmodzi aliyense lingaliro limodzi, koma lonse mawu ndakatulo ndi organically zokhudzana ndi mzake ndi limodzi kulenga luso lonse.

Mawu m'mabuku akale

Choncho, Italy anali malo mawu, ndipo kumeneko amachita ntchito kulemekeza anthu a amazikonda anthu otchuka. Choyamba mawu analemba Andzhelo Politsiano, Chitaliyana ndakatulo, amene anakhalako 15, ndipo iwo anali odzipereka kwa Dzhuliano Medichi. Mu mawu Italy mabuku - ndakatulo imeneyi, yomwe imakhala zigawo zisanu ndi zitatu ndi nyimbo.

mawu a Byron

Dzhordzh Gordon Byron - waukulu British ndakatulo, amene anakhalapo m'nthawi ya Pushkin. ndakatulo Byron anali wodzipereka kwa kunyada kwa mzimu anthu, kukongola kwa chikondi. Byron nawo kupanduka, ndi Carbonari la Ahelene, ndipo analemba "mawu" mu 1820.

Pali mawu a Byron anadzipereka kwa Greece ndi ngodya wokongola wa chikhalidwe Greek. Nkhani yaikulu mawu ake - kum'konda mkazi wokongola Greek, ndi kulimbana Greek ufulu ndi ufulu. ndakatulo Byron anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa ntchito ya Pushkin.

Mawu ndakatulo Russian

Stances - ndi mtundu wanyimbo amene ndakatulo Russian anayamba kukhala m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Mu mabuku Russian, izi ndakatulo pang'ono, chomwe quatrains, ndipo ambiri kukula kwake - ndi iambic tetrameter. Mawu mabuku Russian zoyenera chikondi makamaka m'nyimbo kwa mtsikana, koma nthawi zina n'zogwirizana ndi anatulukira yamakolo mu moyo wa dziko, monga Pushkin mawu.

mawu a Pushkin

Dzina lake Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin analemba mitu yake yotchuka "mawu" mu chaka cha 1827. Mu ntchito iyi, chimene chakhala zikukambidwa nthawi zambiri, pali fano la Peter Wamkulu, wotchuka Russian mfumu.

Maonekedwe a ndakatulo imeneyi chikugwirizana ndi chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Nicholas. Pushkin, "mawu" limene linayamba kutamanda mphamvu lachifumu, poganiza kuti mfumu ichi chisintha moyo wa anthu wamba akhale abwino. Pakuti gawo lake, Nicholas Ine akhadikhira adzamuthandiza zingachepetse Pushkin achinyamata amaganiza. Iye anandiuza Pushkin thandizo kusintha maphunziro ndi maphunziro dongosolo.

"Mawu" yerekezerani mafumu awiri: Peter Wamkulu ndi mdzukulutuvi wake wa Nicholas. Abwino Pushkin Petro. mfumu anali wantchito woona, amene si mantha kuti utakhala iliyonse. Analinso kuyenda panyanja, ndi ophunzira, ndi kalipentala. Masiku imene malamulo a Peter Wamkulu, malinga Pushkin, anapanga Russia wamphamvu. Ngakhale mfumu nuwaphimba chiyambi linakhalapo anaphera chawo, koma pambuyo pake mothandizidwa ndi Russia akhoza kukhala wamkulu. Peter zonse anaphunzira ndipo anapanga kuphunzira ena, anagwira ntchito kwa ulemerero wa dziko lawo.

Dzina lake Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin, "mawu" yemwe anakhala ntchito wotchuka mu mabuku Russian akuitana Mfumu Nicholas Ine kubwereza chintchito Peter ndi kubweretsa Russia ku gawo lina.

Kuwonjezera pa "Stans", pa nthawi yomweyo, wolemba ndakatulo analemba ndakatulo "Anzanga" ndi "Mtumiki". Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti onse atatu a ndakatulo zimenezi kupanga mndandanda umodzi, ndipo m'magazini "Moscow boma yotchedwa Gazette" magazini mu 1828. Koma Pushkin chiyembekeza sizichitika: mfumu analetsa buku la ndakatulo wake, monga Pushkin anati Russian Chief wa Police Benkendorf.

Lermontov zigawo

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov ndi chimodzi mwa ojambula kwambiri mu ndakatulo Russian. Kodi Vesi, Lermontov anaphunzira mutawerenga English ndakatulo, makamaka ntchito za Byron.

Stances ndi Lermontov ndakatulo ang'onoang'ono, amene si chimafotokozera mbali mtundu wanyimbo. M'zaka 1830-1831 Lermontov analemba ndakatulo zisanu kuti mawonekedwe akhoza limanenedwa ngati mawu. nkhani yaikulu ndi kukondana, mu ndakatulo za mnyamata akutembenukira kwa wokondedwa wake. Lermontov, mawu amene anayambika mchikakamizo cha ntchito Dzhona Bayrona "mawu kwa Augusta" kwakhudza mwambo zolembalemba lolembapo ntchito zimenezi pambuyo pake.

ndakatulo Lermontov adzazidwe ndi chisoni cha protagonist, amene amaona zachabe ndi mavuto a moyo wake padziko lapansi, maloto a moyo wina. Wolemba ndakatulo akulemba za kusungulumwa m'dzikoli amadziyerekezera thanthwe kuti kukamaomba ndi kukana wa mphepo ndi mafunde, koma sangathe kuziteteza kuwuka kwa mtundu wa miyala. Mikhail Lermontov, amene mawu kufotokoza bwinobwino ndi worldview a ndakatulo iyi, anakhala chitsanzo kwa ndiAmene zina zambiri mabuku Russian.

mawu Ann

Innokentiy Fedorovich Annensky ankaona "tsekwe Russian mabuku." Iwo anazindikira talente awo ndakatulo pa zaka 48, Innokentiy Annensky anakhala wotchuka zolembalemba Mlengi. ndakatulo wake "mawu a usiku" kunali chochitika yodziwika mabuku ano. wokhutira - kuyembekezera kukumana ndi wokondedwa wake, wakudza mu mdima wa usiku. Ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndakatulo wake ali ofanana ndi ndakatulo ya Impressionists, makamaka, ndi zojambula za Claude Monet.

mawu Esenina

SERGEY Aleksandrovich Esenin anakhala kazembe wa mabuku atsopano Russian, amene adatenga mbali ya mphamvu Soviet. Iye imayendetsedwa ndi October kuukira boma, ndipo ntchito zake zonse umalimbana kuchirikiza Pop ndiye dongosolo Soviet, kuthandiza ntchito za Party Communist. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, iwo ndi makhalidwe awo.

Ali Baku, mu Azerbaijan, wolemba ndakatulo anayamba kulemba "mawu". Yesenin yekha anatchula izi mu ndakatuloyi ndi: anasankha kusiya Moscow chifukwa cha kusamvana ndi apolisi. Koma, kuzindikira zolakwika zake ( "zichitike nthawizina ine woledzera"), ndipo Yesenin analemba kuti utumiki wake - kuimba osati atsikana, nyenyezi ndi mwezi, ndi dzina la Lenin ndi Marx. Iye amakana chikoka cha mphamvu wakumwamba anthu. Anthuwo onse ayenera kumangidwa pa dziko, anena ndakatulo, ndi kuti muyenera kusankha lonse mafakitale mphamvu.

Yesenin osati mwangozi anapereka ntchito lace "mawu", ndakatulo ndi bwino likumveka Pushkin ndi "mawu." Yesenin anali admirer ya Pushkin, kuika maluwa pa chipilala wake. Koma Yesenin ndinaganiza zigawo - si mtundu wa chikondi ndakatulo, monga njira yosonyezera malo awo boma.

"Mawu" Esenina si anakumana movomerezedwa ndi atsogoleri chipani amene ankafuna kuti awone mu ndakatulo Yesenin kwathunthu phwando anadzipereka kuti zolinga za zisinthe. Koma ndakatulo imeneyi m'pamene Kenako ndakatulo ku "Moscow Nyumba" kuti asaone zenizeni latsopano Soviet. Amatero otsutsa ambiri. Ntchitoyi nsangala anachita magazini ndodo "Red Virgin Nthaka" yemwe ankaona kuti Yesenin, potsiriza, alidi wake, ndi Soviet ndakatulo. The malangizo olondola a ndakatulo iyi ankaona chifukwa cha phindu nyengo Baku, kumene iye ankakhala, ndi ubwenzi ndi Petrom Ivanovichem Chaginym.

mawu Brodsky

Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky anali kwambiri Russian ndakatulo, amene mofanana wokwatibwa ndi zinenero Russian ndi English. Iye anapambana Nobel Prize pa wachinyamata - zaka 47.

A mbadwa ya St. Petersburg, anali woyamba mu Russia, ndiye mu United States. Mu zonse ndakatulo wake inadutsa Petersburg, nthawi mzinda umenewu ikutchulidwa mu ntchito wotchuka "mawu mzinda."

Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana wa buku lakuti "New mawu kwa Augusta" akusonyeza kuti ntchito kawirikawiri ntchito mayunitsi lexical monga maina a Marie ndi Telemachus, ndi mawu "Madame", "wokondedwa", "bwenzi". Kopita ndicho "New mawu kwa Augusta" - bwenzi amene akuyembekezera mnzake. Kwa nkhope yake ndi kuyitana wofatsa onse a ndakatulo iyi. Malinga ndi ndakatulo Brodsky akhoza adzaweruzidwa kuti mawu amenewa mu mabuku. Khalidwe chapakati Brodsky ndi ngwazi m'nyimbo n'kofunika ndakatulo wake wa ukapolo motif nayenso.

Collection "New mawu kwa Augusta" inapatulidwa ndi Marii Basmanovoy. M'zaka osati zithunzi za m'nyimbo amasewera komanso nkhani. Ali ndi tanthauzo. M'nyimbo ngwazi amapereka bwenzi lake mphete ndi miyala ya nofeki. Nofeki - mwala, zopangidwa ndi mafupa a anthu. The ngwazi akufunsa wake wokondedwa kuvala mwala uwu pa chala mphete.

Mu ndakatuloyi "kagawo wa kokasangalala ndi," wolemba ikufotokoza kayankhulidwe apanyanja. dzina Ake okondedwa Marina, kotero amamvetsera wapadera mutu m'madzi.

Ndakatulo "Night Flight" LILI LODZIPEREKA kuyenda mu mimba ya ndege, ndi ndakatulo anavomereza kuti nthawizonse ndinkafuna kupita ku Central Asia. Woyendayenda pa ndege pakuti ali ndi matanthauzo awiri - ndi kuthawira moyo wina, ndipo ulendo za kuuka kwa akufa. Wolemba ndakatulo wokhumba chenicheni osiyana, pomwe palibe mavuto ndi mazunzo.