American wolemba Martha Gellhorn: yonena, moyo, ntchito

M'malingaliro a ambiri Martha Gellhorn nthawizonse kukhalabe mkazi wachitatu wa Ernest Hemingway. Mu kuti zikufotokozedwa monga mabuku ndi mainsaikulopediya, ngakhale iye anali mmodzi wa akazi angapo mu lipoti asilikali.

Ndi mtima wokhulupirika journalistic luso onse, iye zoyenera malipoti kulemba zosachepera zaka makumi asanu. Mayiyu mwalamulo kupereka udindo wa mmodzi wa atolankhani asanu amene anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha anthu mu United States pa XX atumwi. awo zimenezi chinali kutulutsidwa kwa mndandanda wapadera wa masitampa oika envulopu lapansi.

zokhudza mbiri

Martha Gellhorn anabadwa mu St. Louis (USA) mu 1908. Makolo ake anakhala Dzhordzh Gellhorn (dokotala) ndi Edna Fishell kutsogolera kutetezela ufulu wa amayi ntchito mwakhama.

Young March ku ubwana wake anayamba kulemba ndakatulo ndi nkhani yochepa, choncho palibe amene anadabwa pamene analengeza cholinga chake kufika pamwamba pa luso wolembayo. Nditamaliza maphunziro a ukachenjede, iye anapita kukagwira ntchito mu yosindikiza nyumba zing'onozing'ono ndipo analemba zokhudza uthenga wa dziko chigawenga. Komabe, apa mu March sanakhale ndi kupita ku Europe pofunafuna ulendo ndi mitu latsopano.

Quick chiyambi utolankhani

luso Amazing mtolankhani wamng'ono akanatha kupeza njira kupeza anthu otchuka. Ali likulu French, masiku Martha Gellhorn pafupifupi ochepa nawo ntchito mu magazini otchuka otchuka. Kale monga mtolankhani kabuku iye chidwi a wolemba Bertrand de A Jouvenel, bambo ake anali wotchuka French ndale ndi nthumwi.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku zosavomerezeka, iwo tinakwatirana, koma chikalata si anatsimikizira. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Bertrand anali wokwatira, ndipo palibe umboni kuti panali banja. Mulimonsemo, ubwenzi umenewu sizinakhalitse, Marita Gellhorn nazo anthu French, nakhala chidwi moŵa nkhondo ku Ulaya. Iye anasiya Paris, kusiya Bertrand.

Homecoming

Atabwera America anayamba kugwira ntchito monga mtolankhani kwa nyuzipepala yaikulu. nkhani ake anali chidwi kuti munthu wamphamvu, Harry Hopkins, anakhala chidwi amene Martha Gellhorn. Wambiri ya mtolankhani limapereka mfundo wosonyeza kuti mgwirizano wake ndi boma la Franklin D. Roosevelt, amene ankagwira ntchito Hopkins. M'malo mwa Administration Pulezidenti wa mtsikana adatulutsa mizinda chifungulo cha America ndipo analemba mndandanda wa essays za zotsatira zake anali Great Depression kwa zigawo zosiyana za anthu. Zotsatira kuonerera anali kuperekedwa osati nkhani journalistic, komanso mu buku la "The vuto Ine ndawawonapo." Izi lanyimbo ndi woyamba ntchito zolembalemba, omwe analemba Martha Gellhorn. mabuku ake, mabuku ambiri alembedwa kalembedwe wapadera, mwadzidzidzi ndipo popanda pathos ( "walephera nkhondo," "Kuyenda yekha ndi makina").

Mu ndondomekoyi, Marta anakhala bwenzi lapamtima la Eleonory Ruzvelt, mkazi pulezidenti. Kuwonjezera zinthu wamba, anapeza kuti mayi woyamba ankadziwa mayi wake Marita koleji.

Location anthu otchuka ndi zothandizira mipingo yawo mtolankhani awo analonjeza ntchito kwambiri mu boma anatsatira ntchito ndale. Koma mwayi wonse anafika poipa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ulendo wotsatira kuti ndi kuyenda, kotero kusankha zinali zosachita kufunsa Martha.

Kugwirizana ndi Wells

Tikucheza ndi kunyumba pulezidenti Martha ali bwino wolemba wotchuka amene ankagwira ntchito ku mtundu wanyimbo wa yopeka, ndi HG Wells. Analinso olandiridwa mlendo m'banja pulezidenti.

Pa nthawi imeneyo, Herbert anali kukwatiwa ndi, kuwonjezera, muli okonda angapo, koma sanathe anzanga a Martha. Muulamuliro wake, aganiza kuti ndipite naye ku Ulaya mu mbiya ya ndimakwiya nkhondo mmwamba.

Kwenikweni, chifukwa Wells ndi tutelage wake anayamba atembenuza pa mabwalo apamwamba journalistic. kutentha silinathe ubwenzi wawo ngakhale patapita zaka zambiri, pamene onse anali m'banja amuna.

Kuzolowerana ndi Hemingway

Kufunika ndi kutchuka mtolankhani mu 30s m'ma akwaniritsa lonse chidwi: ulendo wake ku mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi nkhani kuwulula choonadi wankhanza wa moyo mu mzimu wokonda American, anali damning khalidwe. "Osasamala Joe" Martha msonkhano kwambiri ndi wolemba wotchuka Ernest Hemingway unachitika panthawi ya Florida Bar. Malinga ndi Ernest, anali odabwa kuti miyendo Marita shapely ndipo anam'konda poyamba, ndiyeno iye kwambiri.

Anachoka mu Florida, mtolankhani abwenzi ndi Polin Pfayfer, mkazi wa wolemba pa nthawi. Ngakhale kuti Pauline analembanso kuti otchuka ndi pankachitika chidwi umunthu, Hemingway kale adatengedwa ndi Martha. Mwa zofuna zawo wamba chinali chikondi otentha kwa Spain, choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti awiriwo anachoka mu dziko yosesa ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni.

ntchito olowa malipoti

Hemingway & Gellhorn anafika ku Spain kuwala: iwo anali ndi sutikesi imodzi komanso osapitirira makumi asanu madola awiri. chilakolako chawo chinali Kuphunzira za zochitika zimene zikuchitika m'dzikoli, ndiponso malinga ndi akatswiri, Martha kupirira bwino kwambiri ndi kulemba malipoti kuposa wokonda lake laulemerero.

Onse a iwo ofuna kumvera chisoni Social Party, yemwe anali ndi mphamvu, ndi zinthu zawo zinalembedwa ndi udindo uwu.

1940 zinali zodzaza ndi mdindo wa ukwati mabanja. Pamodzi pogwira ntchito zawo malipoti, kuyendera Finland, France, Indonesia ndi China. Chifukwa, Marita ndi Ernest apeza mbiri ya kudzera wanzeru nkhondo.

Mtolankhani anali imasonkhezera chikondi cha wolemba, monga buku "amene Bell polipitsa", Ernest anabweretsa lonse kutchuka, anali opatulidwira kwa iye. Patapita zaka zingapo moyo woyendayenda banja anagula malo n'kumakhalamo.

Hemingway & Gellhorn: Pankhondo ya zilembo

Chimwemwe m'banja angapo otchuka sanali zoyembekezeka nthaŵi yaitali. Zikhumbo anathamanga mkulu chifukwa cha kusafuna a Martha unakhota zofunika za mwamuna wake iye sanasinthe dzina, kuthamanga zapakhomo ndiponso kutsatira mapazi a akazi wakale ndipo mistresses Ernest.

Cholinga cha moyo mtolankhani wina anali katswiri ntchito, ndipo ntchito zake zikuluzikulu sanapeze kulimbikitsidwa ndi mwamuna wake. Tamarayo kumizidwa mu ntchito pamene nkhondo inayambika: anali mu cockpit pa mabomba, ndi kutenga mbali mu ankafika pa anagwirizana mu Normandy, amayang'ana ndi kuphimba kumasulidwa wa Dachau yozunzirako.

Sanathe kulimbana pakalibe zonse mkazi wake ndi maganizo ake amphamvu pa utolankhani ndi, Hemingway anam'patsa kuti musankhepo. March chisankho anali atayandikira ukwati - iye ankakonda ufulu ndi ulendo. Koma nthaŵi zonse mu mthunzi wa wolemba mbiri.

Komanso ntchito Marty Gellhorn

Pakutha pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse inayambika mtolankhani Kuphunzira nkhondo ankhondo. Mu theka lachiwiri la owerenga XX atumwi a manyuzipepala ndi magazini zazindikirika ndi zinthu zambiri ndi mwa maso a Martha.

Zowopsya kuti Anazi kuchita anatsogolera chakuti wolemba kumbuyo ufulu wa anthu achiyuda boma lawo, ndipo analembanso za mlandu wa Nazi.

Ukwati lachitatu la wolemba, ndi mkonzi wamkulu wa "The Times" T. Matthews, unali wautali, koma linathyoka March pambuyo buku yaitali kuvumbula mbali mwamuna wake. Martha Gellhorn, ndi moyo kuti anali wolemera, koma zinalephereka ndithu, potsiriza sankasangalala ndi mwambo wa ukwati ndi sanakwatiwepo. Moyo mtolankhani unasokonezedwa ndi chifuniro chake mu 1998: akudwala khansa ndi kukhala wakhungu, anatenga mlingo waukulu wa mankhwala.

Wolemba mtolankhani Martha Gellhorn, amagwira ambiri chitidwe ndi M'mawu akeake, anagwira nthawi zambiri, kukhala ngati fano kwa feminists onse ndi akazi paokha. The bwino kwambiri chodziwika cha mawu ake za iye mwamuna: "Ndinali mlembi inu adakomana naye, ndakhala wolemba zaka 45 pambuyo Ndichitirenji chabe mawu moyo wa munthu."