Mongolia XIV B.

ndi wongosamukasamuka onse okhala m'dera otok ndi kudalira anthu a mwini: mabuku Mongolian iwo amatchedwa "albatu" (kutanthauza "msonkho"). Iwo ankaletsedwanso kusuntha kwa khamu wina ndi mzake.

Ang'onoang'ono kalasi inkakhala amazikonda anthu otchuka, akazembe ndi lamas mkulu m'malo Chibuda. Aliyense mbuye ang'onoang'ono anali mu malo a mwina Otok, kapena wina wa albatu mayiko Otok. Maphunziro oponderezedwa abusa, Kharachoy (kutanthauza "wakuda") anali anagonjera albatu, shabinarami (kutanthauza "Ophunzira ndi nyama, aphunzitsi a chiphunzitso Chibuda" - ndi euphemism kwa arats-Kharachoy, anapereka kwa ambuye ang'onoang'ono ngati mphatso lamas madigiri apamwamba) ndi akapolo (Bohol ).

Albatu pansi yokumba katundu ndi mwini. Kufalitsa noyons ziweto arats kwa msipu kapena ntchito ntchito mwachindunji mu noyons minda anali ofanana kumapeto nthawi ino. Imodzi arats chaka Noyon anapereka nambala inayake wa nkhosa kukaphedwa. Komanso, Noyon albatu mlandu akavalo awo, ng'ombe, ngolo ndi mankhwala kusonkhanitsa mkaka, mkaka mowa wamphamvu ndipo ankaona m'gulu la zochitika kapena migrations.

Arata anagwira Yamskaya utumiki mkati ukulu uwu, ndipo ankafunika kuchita mu nkhondo kapena kupita battue kusaka pa foni woyamba wa Noyon. Mongolia XIV mu ...

Mu nkhani ya zipolowe ndi chipwirikiti kumakhalapo chifukwa kugawikana ndale za dziko, noyonstvo zofunika kwambiri kuposa chipembedzo cha makolo awo - mizimu, kuthandiza maganizo. thandizo lotereli anazipeza Chibuda. Kotala lotsiriza la XVI ndi XVII mu zoyambirira. Chibuda anafalikira mofulumira mwa asilikaliwa nakhala aithamangitse mizimu, mothandizidwa ndi olemekezeka wamphamvu. M'zaka za m'ma XVII. kudutsa dziko anali ambiri mchitidwe ndi zikwi lamas.

Zida za mphamvu anayimiridwa mwa munthu wa mkulu kumtundu wa Tumen kapena otok. Wolamulira (edzhen) Iye anapereka chiweruzo ndi chilango; Iye anakhazikitsa levies ndi ntchito analamula asilikali - khamu la chuma. Mu manja ake anali chidzalo chonse cha asilikali, boma komanso akuluakulu milandu.

Pambuyo athamangitsidwe ku Beijing Great Khan Toyon Temur (1333-1370) ndipo m'malo mwake Ayushiridara (1370-1378), kusunga dzina la n'chokwana Ufumu, kuyesera kuwasonkhanitsa mphamvu ndi kukumbukira zina mu manja a m'madera awo malire a ufumuwo. Koma Minsk asilikali mobwerezabwereza ankapita ku Mongolia, asilikali a Ayushiridary mu Inchane m'magulumagulu 1370 a otsiriza Great Khan Ufumu Togus-Tam-PA (1378-1388) anagonjetsedwa kumeneko mu 1388 130,000th Ming asilikali.

Mongolia mu XIV.