Prince Meshchersky. Mbiri ya

Anafa bwenzi la ndakatulo Gabriel Derzhavin, wochereza alendo Prince Meshchersky. ndakatulo iyi chisoni kuchoka kwake kuti anayankha ode. Ngakhale kupanda kukula odic ndi ulemerero wa chibadidwe polemba chinenero chimenechi, mizere eyite-eyiti kotero zinakhudza moyo wa owerenga, umene amatipeza kuyamba pofufuza nkhani zokhudza amene Kalonga Meshchersky ndi zimene amadziwika? Iwo likukhalira - kanthu. Kwambiri anthu wamba, ngakhale kazembe wa banja wakale. Prince Alexander, zimene anadandaula kwambiri Derzhavin kwambiri kuposa kutchuka mbeu yake - Vladimir, amene analemba mtolankhani, ndipo lofalitsidwa ndi kukonzedwanso "nzika" magazini. Koma Prince Vladimir anayamba kufalitsa mu 1887, ndipo Derzhavin ode "Pa Imfa ya Prince Meshchersky" linalembedwa mu 1779, pafupifupi zaka zana zapitazo.

ode

Imfa ndi Umuyaya - mfundo ziwiri lililonse ndi nthawi iliyonse intersects mu ode Derzhavina kudzipereka kuposa kale lonse komanso malowedwe a mawu - nchifukwa chake mavesi amenewa Pasanapite odziwika ndi okondedwa ndi owerenga. mizere anaika nzeru zozama ndi kulemekeza zonyozeka wokhalapo ndi lalikulu sakuzidziwa chonse, mwa amene Prince Meshchersky moyobe. N'zolimbikitsa kuti owerenga zimene Derzhavin chimasonyeza umunthu monga mbali ya chilengedwe, chimene chiri chamuyaya, choncho anthu yamuyaya izi, ngakhale Moyo uliwonse munthu Ndithu amalire, chosakhalitsa ndi impermanent. Ndipotu, munthu aliyense - munthu wolemekezeka ndi zonyozeka - ayenera kufa.

Genius Derzhavin anakwanitsa kuphatikiza moyo ndi imfa kutengeka chokondweretsa cha woyamba ndi nkhani yomvetsa chisoni ya otsiriza, ndi womwalirayo Prince Meshchersky ndi dzanja kuunika kwa moyo wolemba ndakatulo anali konse olandiridwa - kwambiri ndi kutifotokozera ankamvetsa ndakatulo kwa bwenzi lake lapamtima. Imfa zakuda, osatekeseka, ndi chidwi ndi chakuti moyo lonse la ngwazi mizere Derzhavin ode anali chikondwerero, wodzala ndi kukongola ndi kukondweretsedwa, mwanaalirenji ndi chisangalalo. Kuti malire a sewero kumatheka ndi chitsutso ichi: pa Imfa ya Prince Meshchersky zosatheka kulabadira mawu "otmuchilsya". Lokha nkhondo zikuchitikanso pa ode ndi mkangano, komanso dongosolo kulingalira, ntchito ndi wolemba.

Chibadidwe kapangidwe ka mkangano ode kumabweretsa kumvetsetsa kuti chikhalidwe dialectical wa chilengedwe chonse losemphana ndipo sangathe kuchepetsedwa umodzi umodzi wa mapeto a munthu. "Inali tebulo mbale - bokosi lagona ..." - imachita mwamphamvu ndime zake. "Pa Imfa ya Prince Meshchersky" - ndi ode ku zigawo khumi, aliyense moyo mzere kulimbana ndi imfa.

kutsutsidwa

Eyiti mizere lililonse Vesi wa ode kwenikweni kulengeza chitsutso cha moyo ndi imfa. Izo zinanenedwa pa magulu ndakatulo chakudya zakuthupi. Inasinthira pafupi, kumanga malembedwe, phokoso la rhythmic kusintha dongosolo ndi zina zotero. Derzhavin ntchito wokwanira kwambiri kudutsa - ndakatulo zophiphiritsa, amene pa nthawi ndi kale mu ntchito za otsatira ake inkayenda ngati oxymoron ndi. Ndi kudutsa kovuta, koma zimasonyeza kwambiri: "Akufa Miyoyo" ndi Gogol, "The Living mtembo" ndi Tolstoy, "Hot Snow" kuchokera Bondarev - maina okha kusonyeza ambiguity zakukhosi, maganizo, mayiko a m'maganizo kulanda zinthu zina.

Derzhavin anali tate wa izi zikutanthauza a mawu a chinenero mabuku. Mu njira yomweyo kuti ndizicheza matanthauzo zosiyana kwathunthu - kuti ndi oxymoron. The ambiguity ndipo kuti zikutsutsana onse - osati pofuna kuchita chilichonse anthu, m'makhalidwe ake, komanso pa moyo - imodzi chabe oxymoron, choncho digiri ngati mkulu choonadi mu mizere ya ode lapansi. The kusanthula ndakatulo "Pa Imfa ya Prince Meshchersky" limasonyeza mfundo zimenezo, umene ndiye kukulitsa kuyengedwa ndi pazipita ndi zingawonjezere mtolo maganizo ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti: "Mulungu lero ndi mawa ndi fumbi." Izi zikutanthauza zotsatirazi: timabadwa kufa, ndi imfa moyo wake zovomerezeka. Choncho lingaliro lalikulu ndi zikumveka anapanga Derzhavins Ntchito yaikulu ntchito imeneyi.

Prince Alexander Meschersky

Ode, lolembedwa ndi Derzhavin ndi lofalitsidwa mosadziwika mu "St. Petersburg boma yotchedwa Gazette" mu 1779, iye anapanga munthu wotchuka uyu. Young Ivan Dmitriev anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi zingwe deta kuti ndithudi ndimafuna kukumana wolemba, osati iye. City ndipo kenako munkachitikira dziko, kugawana changu. Ngakhale Pushkin, patapita zaka zambiri buku ili, anachita chidwi ndi mmene epigraph kuti Chapter "Dubrovsky" anatenga Derzhavin mzere. Ndipotu, zingatanthauze n'zosatheka kufotokoza ndi moyo ndi imfa, ndi makamaka wamfupi. Chithunzi chonse cha moyo wa munthu ndi kukodzedwa kwa malire chosaneneka. Mzere epigrammatically anathamangitsa osati kusonyeza pafupifupi chilichonse chokhudza m'nyimbo zhizneopisatelnogo mwadzidzidzi wakufayo ngwazi wake.

Mwana mwanaalirenji, anthu wolemera ndi amphamvu thanzi. Chinthu chochititsa chidwi, ndipo imfa yake inali ndi anzawo, achibale ndi anzawo. Oda nthawi olembedwa pa anthu mbiri yakale kwambiri osachepera kuti azitengera malamulo onse a classicism. Ndipo apa - bwenzi la ndakatulo iyi. Wamba chivundi, chilichonse ndi chiwerengero cha m'nthawi kwambiri. Si Suvorov, osati Potemkin, ndiponso kalonga wamba. N'chifukwa chiyani ndakatulo Derzhavin a "Pa Imfa ya Prince Meshchersky" kumapangitsa chidwi zokhalitsa osati pa nthawi yake, komanso ana akutali? Iyi ndi zachilendo: Pa nthawi imeneyo, palibe amene sitingachisonyeze yayikulu malamulo wamphamvu zonse ndi wamba wa chilengedwe chonse mwa tsoka la anthu zambiri.

Chifanizo cha imfa

Imfa akatulutsidwa Derzhavins chake wamphamvu zonse - Tsatanetsatane ndi zokongola. chithunzi kumaonekeranso mphamvu yake - ndi zonse kufalitsidwa. Kuyambira kukukuta mano pamaso truncation masiku oblique moyo wa munthu - mu Vesi loyamba. Ndi Pomeza maufumu lonse ndi nkhanza smashing chirichonse pozungulira - wachiwiri.

kuchuluka Komanso amatenga mbali danga: akudandaula nyenyezi, dzuwa uchoka, zolengedwa zonse pangozi kufa. Apa palinso "grounding" osati kuuluka mu danga ili muyaya. Derzhavin masiwichi lingaliro wowerenga ya moyo pang'ono chipongwe sewero; imfa akuyang'ana, grinning, mafumu, opulent, olemera, odzikuza pa wochenjera - ndipo amavala kutali, chirichonse kukulitsa tsamba la scythe wake.

keynotes

Momveka pa nsoka wa Vesi popanda kuphwanya nkhani kusalala. chiwerengero A njira yapadera luso anapereka Mwaichi Derzhavin utumiki wake. Vesi ngati otaya mu wina ndi mnzake (njira, ntchito kwa nthawi yoyamba kotero mokwanira bwino mabuku Russian). Molongosola mfundo zikuluzikulu mu mzere wa Vesi lotsiriza, wolemba ndakatulo akubwereza mu mzere woyamba wa lotsatira, ndiyeno kukhala ndi chikhulupiriro. Malingaliro ndi zithunzi abwerezedwa mu malemba, otchedwa leitmotif, anagwiritsira ntchito Derzhavin. Ode "Pa Imfa ya Prince Meshchersky" ndendende chifukwa ndi kufika Taphunzira ndiponso zogwirizana ntchito. Iwo anali ngati leitmotif yaikulu ya imfa mphwayi ndi passionless kanthawi, ngati loto, moyo.

lemba akamabadwa

Prince Meshchersk anapatsidwa malo apamwamba, malo apamwamba, ndipo sanali otchuka kanthu - kapena usilikali kapena utsogoleri kapena dipatimenti luso. Munthu wopanda talente aliyense, ndi maonekedwe okoma mwangwiro Russian alendo (lomwe mfundo anali mukanthawi aliyense). Dzina loyamba kuti anapereka ntchito yake Derzhavin, ndipo amachita Chibwezeni kwa mtundu wanyimbo mauthenga ndakatulo, koma ode ovomerezeka: "Mwa sv Perfilieva imfa Aleksandra Ivanovicha Mescherskogo". Komabe, woona pathos ode, kuimba tocsin belu anapatsa mtundu wanyimbo amayanjana ndi Vesi loyamba: "Nthawi mneni Chitsulo kukaliza!".

Ndiyeno iye brightens nkhani akamabadwa. Imfa ya munthu aliyense - ngakhale sakudziwika kwathunthu munthu zimapangitsa anthu pang'ono pokha zonse, ndipo aliyense yemwe amakhala pang'ono pokha zonse. Imfa ya bwenzi akuonetsedwa ngati chochitika existential m'mitsinje zodabwitsa ndakatulo mavumbulutso. Akulankhula za imfa ya kalonga, Derzhavin motsimikizira akuyerekeza ndi zake. Kugwirizana kwa munthu aliyense kuti onse a anthu - apa ndi metaphysics pa mfundo imeneyi. Pa nthawi yomweyo ode "Pa Imfa ya Prince Meshchersky" anatero wotsutsana ndi imfa, chifukwa aliyense mzere zikusonyeza chinyezimiro za tanthauzo la makamaka wokhalapo ambiri, thambo, ngakhale malamulo ake olimba mtima.

kapangidwe zamalankhulidwe

Choyambirira metamorphosis akudikira wowerenga aliyense ndime upainiya andakatulo Russian kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mabuku gulu zatsopano: mkulu-otsika, wamuyaya ndi wathupi, mabungwe, ambiri, umboni-konkire. Kumene, zonsezi wakhala kuyambira nthawi ya Aristotle. Koma Derzhavin magulu awa salinso kumveka ngati matanthauzo adalowa kaphatikizidwe.

Odic, umakondwera, ngakhalenso kulira anapeza zokhumudwitsa kwambiri postulates wake. moyo wa munthu ndi tanthauzo lake: imfa sakuganiza kufa. oxymorons amenewa ndi ambiri ali onse ode adzaoneni chifukwa amadziona Derzhavin. "Pa Imfa ya Prince Meshchersky" - ndi ode, amene anayika owerenga mu nkhope ya imfa ngati zonse, popeza mawa aliyense chilli kapena zaka chikwi, monga malambe m'mayiko, komabe afa.

chenjezo kwa wowerenga

The kuli amenewa zonse N'zokayikitsa ndi zabodza chifukwa existentially monga sizimatanthauza, ndi Choncho, chofunika si zoona, ngati m'tsogolo kuda lililonse la kumanzere. Derzhavin anawonjezera kutanthauza kuti zodyetsedwa bwino, koma makamaka tanthauzo kuli bwenzi lake, ode "Pa Imfa ya Prince Meshchersky."

Analysis wa mankhwala ino osati akatswiri a zinenero, komanso nzeru ena, amene amagwirizana ndi mfundo zake ndi chitsanzo cha chilengedwe, pamene palibe munthu samoosnovannosti kukhala monga wopanda umunthu beingness. Komabe, chochitika mkati mwa ndakatulo umalowa mu mkangano ndi zikukhalira, ngati kuchenjeza owerenga kuti ali m'mphepete mwa phompho, kuti unyolo kusandulika mulibe mawu, chirichonse ndipo zonse idzapita mu zinsinsi dziko popanda kufufuza pang'ono.

Wina Prince Meshchersky

Derzhavin kwa Prince Meshchersky Vladimir Pavlovich sakanakhoza kukhala paubwenzi, ngakhale kholo lake anali kupereka ndi ode imfa yake. Prince Alexander anali boma milandu, anatumikira kasitomu. Iye ankakonda mabuku ndi St. Petersburg English anthu (kalabu). Meshchersky anafika wobadwa mwa Chitata akalonga a m'ma chakhumi ndi chitatu, mu lakhumi ndi cisanu - anali Meshcherov, kuphatikizapo mamembala a mtundu ndi abwanamkubwa - ndi apolisi regimental. Izi ndi zonse zokhudza akalonga Meshchersky, palibe wapadera. Koma mu 1838, iye anabadwa mdzukulu wa Karamzin, Prince Vladimir Meshchersky, makamaka mu Derzhavinsk odious. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zilembo zazikulu za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, Russia ndi moyo pagulu, khalidwe, osati maganizo kuwomba mphekesera, komanso nthabwala ribald. Ambiri ntchito, lofalitsidwa magazini (kenako - nyuzipepala) analemba "Kulankhula ndiwofatsa" amene anali wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu a m'nthawi yake.

atate wake - Alonda Lt. Akol Peter Meschersky, mayi - mwana wamkazi wamkulu wa mbiri wotchuka ndi wolemba Nikolai Karamzin. Makolo - mwamakhalidwe anthu okongola, ŵakusanga ndi amene amakhulupirira mfundo za. mwana, mu mawu ake, anali ndi khalidwe ndi woipa, ndi chikhalidwe. Ndine kulota anamanganso mu dzina la Mama ndi chidwi kugonana kwa amuna zachilendo. njira zolembalemba anasankhidwa iwo mosintha. Mu 1981 anafotokoza Ulendo mfumu kuti Potemkin, amene anali wochezeka. Posachedwa Prince Meshchersky anapatsidwa kamera-Junkers. Ndi ntchito ya Utumiki Mkati, kenako msewu kwa kwaiye pafupi club wotchuka. Ndipo anayamba chitunda mofulumira kalonga mu osankhika Russian statehood.

Mlangizi Wolamulira

Namkungwi wolowa - Basi Stroganov, Prince Meshchersky ankakonda, kotero osiyanasiyana kulankhulana kwa Prince ili pa okwera pamwamba pa mitambo - anakhala bwenzi lapamtima la Tsesarevicha Nikolaya (pano la- mphamvu yomweyo, ngakhale maganizo tsogolo Russian mfumu). Mkulu Moyo anapatsidwa Vladimiru Mescherskomu osati kosavuta monga izo zikuwoneka kuti: Stroganov obzovot "kurtizanom oipa" chimene kumbuyo mokweza kwambiri kunong'ona ndi giggling. Komabe, mlangizi lonse chilengedwe wolowa yekha Meschersky chete. The Tsarevich anali mwamphamvu kudwala, ndi Prince adamperekeza iye chithandizo ku Europe, amene mkulu wa Dipatimenti ya Internal Affairs Valuev kuti "wapamtima pa bwalo."

Atamwalira Nicholas (panali nkhani ya kudzipha chifukwa cha mathanyula) Meshcherskomu anapereka wina wa Korona Prince, tsogolo - Alexander III, amene anasunga maganizo kwa msuweni a kalonga. Izi kuphatikana tsogolo mfumu Meshchersky anali zopanda potenga moto wokha, umene m'banja lachifumu anamusiya kwambiri. Ndi nthawi iyi wolemba wakhala kuyabwa kwambiri kumvutitsa kalonga, ndi thandizo la Korona Prince unakhazikitsidwa phata lenileni la autocracy - magazini "nzika". Chifukwa cha kwambiri vospreemnikam anayambitsa magazini ndipo anakhala mu kukumbukira anthu. Pambuyo anapitiriza anthu ake ntchito ngati Dostoevsky, Tiutchev, Mike. Ndipo iye Meschersky masamba a "nzika" mwankhanza anamenyana ndi maphunziro, matabwa m'dera, ndi loweruza ndi m'mphawi wodzilamulira ndi intelligentstvuyuschimi Ayuda. "Kalonga wa Sodomu ndi Gomora, nzika," monga Vladimir Solovyov.