Makampani aakulu kwambiri ku Russia. Makampani aakulu a inshuwaransi ku Russia

Russia ndi dziko lalikulu ndi lamphamvu. N'zosadabwitsa kuti kuli gawo la dziko lino ndi mayiko akuluakulu ndi akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi. Kuti mudziwe makampani akuluakulu ku Russia, Owerenga masewerawa ankachita ntchito yovuta, chifukwa chiwerengero cha mabungwe m'dziko lathu lino chikukula chaka chilichonse. Malingana ndi akatswiri, kuti azindikire atsogoleri, m'pofunikira kuzindikira omwe akutsutsana nawo pamunda uliwonse wa ntchito (mphamvu, zomangamanga, malingaliro, inshuwalansi ndi luso lamakono).

Mitundu ya makampani ku Russia

Pofuna kudziwitsa makampani akuluakulu ku Russia, nkofunikira kuti tizingoganizira za magulu onse a zokolola m'dziko lathu, komanso kuti tidziŵe monga malingaliro apadera komanso a boma. Si chinsinsi kuti mafakitale ndi makampani ambiri alipo m'dziko lathu kuyambira nthawi ya Soviet Union. Mwamwayi, lero ndizosatheka kubereka zomera zofanana ndi malonda monga momwe akanatha mu nthawi za USSR. Koma, mbali inayo, kodi pali kusowa kwa izi? Dziko lamakono likukhazikitsa malamulo atsopano, ndipo ndi yabwino kwambiri kuti amalonda amakono azikhala nawo. Inde, zimapindulitsa kwambiri kumanga malonda anu kapena chomera, chomwe chidzabweretsa ndalama kwa mwiniwake yekha. Ichi ndi chimodzimodzi chimene anthu ambiri amalonda amachita lerolino. Choncho, kuti mudziwe makampani akuluakulu ku Russia, Ndikofunika kudziŵa kuti ndi yani payekha, ndipo ndi yani yowonekera.

Makampani a anthu

N'zosadabwitsa kuti chiwerengero cha makampani akuluakulu a ku Russia amatsogoleredwa ndi makampani otchuka kwambiri apakhomo. Mwachitsanzo, kampaniyo "Gazprom", yomwe sitinganyalanyaze pa mndandanda wa atsogoleri. Zidzakhalanso zodabwitsa kuti pafupifupi mabungwe onse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi gasi ali kwathunthu kapena mbali ina ya utsogoleri wa dziko lathu. Kuchokera mu makampaniwa sikudalira kokha mtengo wa ndalama za dziko, komanso tsogolo la anthu onse. Monga mukudziwira, Russia ndi dziko lolanditsa, makamaka ku msika wa mdziko, dziko lathu limatumiza mafuta ndi mafuta. Ngakhale ziyenera kunenedwa kuti makampani omwe ali ndi boma akuphatikizapo malonda omwe amaonedwa kuti ndiwo okhawo kapena alibe mpikisano pamsika wa mdziko. Mwachitsanzo, United Shipbuilding Corporation JSC (United Shipbuilding Corporation), United Aircraft Corporation Corporation kapena makampani ogulitsa malo. Koma palinso mafakitale omwe boma silichita nawo mbali, kupatula kuti limapeza gawo lina la magawo.

Makampani apadera

Ndi mabungwe awa omwe ali makampani apadera. Ngakhale ziyenera kunenedwa kuti pakati pa mabungwe oterowo mungapeze mayina odziwika bwino. Mwachitsanzo, makampani monga Lukoil, Bashneft, Tatneft kapena Magnit zamakono sizinali za boma, koma ndi amuna ena amalonda kapena gulu la anthu. Makampani akuluakulu a ku Russia ali ndi phindu lalikulu ndipo, ndithudi, ndi kukula kwake. N'zovuta kunena kuti eni eni ogulitsa mafakitale adadzimangira okha. Kawirikawiri, osamalonda olemera amangogula magawo ambiri ochokera ku boma ndipo amakhala eni ake a kampani yokonzekera. Ndikofunika kugawa mabungwe onse kumadera ena kuti adziwe makampani akuluakulu ku Russia. Mndandanda wa Sitidzakhala limodzi mwa magawo onse a mafakitale, koma a zigawo zazikulu.

Makampani a mafuta

Makampani aakulu kwambiri pa mafakitale a mafuta ndi Gazprom, Lukoil, Rosneft, Bashneft, Surgutneftegaz ndi mabungwe ena omwe amapanga komanso kutumiza mafuta m'dziko lathu. Zakachitika kuti mabungwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi m'dziko lathu, sizing'onozing'ono. Makampani olimbitsa mafuta a ku Russia amadziŵika chifukwa cha kukula kwawo osati ku Russia kokha, koma amaonanso kuti ndi aakulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Monga mukudziwira, golidi wakuda imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri padziko lonse, ndipo dziko lathu lili ndi zinthu zambiri zowonjezera . Mukhozanso kuona kuti pakati pa atsogoleri si makampani omwe ali ndi boma, komanso amodzi.

Mukayerekezera phindu la makampani, mukhoza kuona kuti mu 2012, Gazprom inapeza $ 117.6 biliyoni, pamene Lukoil, yomwe ili pachiwiri, ndi $ 111.4 biliyoni okha. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Gazprom ndi pafupifupi 4 ku Lukoil. Pa nthawi yomweyi boma lili ndi gawo lina la magawo a kampaniyi.

Makampani omanga

Kwazaka 20 zapitazo, makampani opanga zomangamanga akhala akukula. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuti zitheke, pali makampani ambiri omwe amakhudza misewu, nyumba ndi malonda, komanso mafuta ndi mafuta. Pakati pa atsogoleri angathe kudziwika ndi mabungwe 30, omwe lero angapereke chithandizo pazinthu zabwino kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, GC "Stroygazmontazh". Gulu lake limaphatikizapo makampani angapo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu mosavuta. Makamaka, "Stroygazmontazh" amapereka mafakitale a mafuta ndi gasi ndi ntchito zake.

GC Inteko ndi gulu la makampani omwe akugwira ntchito yomanga nyumba. GC SU-155 imapereka ntchito zosiyanasiyana, akatswiri a kampani ali okonzeka kupereka ntchito zawo m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Makampani onse omangamanga ku Russia sali a boma.

Zamalonda

Makampani a metallurgical m'dziko lathu si malo otsiriza. Mwina, chifukwa chake malo otsogolera akukhala ndi makampani aakulu a Russia. Mndandanda wa makampaniwa wagawidwa m'madera awiri: makampani akuda ndi amitundu. Yoyamba ikuphatikizapo makampani monga EvrazHolding, Plant Rolling Plant, Mechel, Severstal, Pipe Metallurgical Company ndi United Metallurgical Company. Gulu lachiwirili ndi makampani omwe amagula zitsulo zodula: Norilsk Nickel, Ryaztsvetmet, Novosibirsk Tin Plant, Aluminiya ya Russia ndi Ural Mining ndi Company Metallurgical Company. M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, boma lakhala likudalira kwambiri makampani awa, chifukwa awa ndi makampani ogwirira ntchito omwe amathandiza kwambiri pakupanga dziko lonse lapansi.

Makampani a IT

Chuma ca dziko lathu chikukulirakulira nthawi zonse, ndipo tsopano makampani a IT akhala nawo pamwamba pa makampani akuluakulu ku Russia. Mtsogoleri m "njira iyi, ndithudi, ndi" Yandex ", yomwe inangokhala zaka khumi ndi zisanu zokha za kukhalako zinakwanitsa kupeza zotsatira zodabwitsa. Kachiwiri palibe Mail yotchuka kwambiri. Kuchokera kumsonkhano wamba wa utumiki wa positi Mail.ru Group yakhala bungwe lenileni, lomwe lero limagwiritsa ntchito anthu pafupifupi 3,000. Wogwirizanitsa kampaniyi ndi mmodzi wa anthu olemera kwambiri ku Russia - Alisher Usmanov.

Kachitatu - malo otchuka otchuka a "VKontakte", omwe amalandira ndalama zokwana madola 215 miliyoni chaka chilichonse. Potsatira pa mndandanda wa atsogoleri ndi makampani omwe adatha kukopera omvera ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito kanthawi kochepa: RBC, Afisha-Rambler, iFree, Game Insight, komanso 2GIS ndi Superjob. Mabungwe onsewa amatenga malo olemekezeka pa mndandanda wa makampani akuluakulu a dziko lathu, chifukwa chiwerengero chachikulu cha ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti amagwiritsa ntchito ntchito zawo tsiku ndi tsiku.

Pang'ono pa inshuwalansi ndi chifukwa chake makampaniwa ndi ofunika kwambiri ku Russia

Makampani akuluakulu a inshuwalansi ku Russia angathe kulembedwa popanda kukayikira. Posachedwa, chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu chinayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mautumikiwa. Mwina, ndi chifukwa chake dziko lathu likudziwika mofulumira kwambiri katatu, zomwe chaka ndi chaka zimangosintha malo pamtunda wa opambanawo.

Ndiyeneranso kugogomezera kuti masiku ano ntchito ya inshuwalansi yakhala yovomerezeka. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alendo, ogwira ntchito malonda akuluakulu, ngakhale makasitomala a mabanki amapita inshuwalansi. Kuonjezera apo, makasitomale a makampani a inshuwalansi amagwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi osati zaumoyo wawo okha, komanso pofuna chitetezo chotsimikizirika cha nyumba ndi zoyendetsa. Ndipo ngati tikulankhula za makampani akuluakulu ku Russia, tiyenera kudziwa kuti mabungwewa ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha makasitomala. Choncho, atsogoleri atatuwa ndi Rosgosstrakh, SOGAZ ndi Ingostrakh.

Makampani a inshuwalansi

Pofuna kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake makampaniwa akukhala pamalo oyamba muyeso ya pachaka, ndikwanira kuyang'ana phindu la mabungwe awa. Makampani aakulu a inshuwaransi ku Russia akulandira phindu lochititsa chidwi. Mwachitsanzo, Rosgosstrakh yekha mu 2013 anatha kusonyeza zotsatira za ndalama zokwana 99.8 biliyoni zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, SOGAZ inasonyeza zotsatira za ndalama zokwana 84.8 biliyoni, ndipo Ingostrakh - pafupifupi malipiro 66.6 biliyoni. Mabungwe awa a inshuwalansi ali ndi mbiri yabwino kwambiri, yomwe imayang'aniridwa osati nthawi yokha, komanso ndi owerengeka a makasitomala. Mwachiwonekere, chiwerengero cha pachaka cha makasitomala ochokera ku makampaniwa chimangowonjezera.

Malingana ndi akatswiri, mabungwe awa ayenera kutenga malo otsogolera mu mndandanda wa makampani akuluakulu ku Russia lonse. Kuwonjezera pa atsogoleri atatuwa, makampani monga RESO-Garantia, AlfaSurance ndi Soglasie amatha kudziwika.

Zotsatira

N'zosadabwitsa kuti makampani akuluakulu ku Russia ndi mabungwe ogulitsa ndi kutumiza mafuta ndi mafuta. Ngati tiganizira za deta yomwe amadza ndi akatswiri, atsogoleri khumi ndi awa: makampani asanu a mafuta, mabungwe awiri a mabanki, 1 kampani yogwira ntchito zamagetsi, 1 njanji ya njanji, ndi kampani imodzi ya zamankhwala. Pakati pa atsogoleri kuti azikhalapo - palibe bungwe la inshuwalansi, ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makampaniwa ndi aakulu kwambiri. Chaka chino Rosgosstrakh anatenga malo okwana 79 okha, zomwe ndizo zabwino kwambiri. Koma chofunika kwambiri ndikuti makampani akuluakulu a Russia sakudziwika kokha ku gawo la dziko lathu, komanso m'mayiko ena. Mabungwe ambiri, mosasamala kanthu kuti ali payekha kapena pagulu, alibe wina wofanana padziko lonse lapansi!