Minofu ndi mafupa dongosolo la mbalame

Mbalame - ndi nyama osati kusuntha pamodzi pansi, koma anachita mlengalenga, zikuuluka m'mlengalenga. Choncho, chifukwa cha zamoyo zinachita chitukuko cha kusintha anamuona pa misa ndi mawonekedwe a thupi lawo. Choncho anapita kudzikundikira mafuta - masamba, yafupika mikangano pa zoyenda, kumanga minofu misa. Komabe zosiyanasiyana mafupa awo ndi minofu, i.e. minofu ndi mafupa dongosolo la mbalame.
Mu njira zambiri ndi chimodzimodzi monga nyama. dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa imakhala ndi mbalame za ofananira mafupa, ndi Chigaza, mapewa ndi mkono mafupa, ndi scapula, thoracic vertebrae, mafupa a chiuno ndi femur, etc.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi osiyana kwambiri kuposa dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa nyama. Mwachitsanzo, mutu wa mbalame zazing'ono, chifukwa mafupa onse cranial mwakula pamodzi, ndipo chiwerengero chawo wathetsedwa. Chigaza ndi zosavuta chifukwa chakuti mafupa ali makamaka dzenje ndi ndi mlomo mano, amene ataphimbidwa ndi kokha chophimba tentha mthupi. Mbalame alibe anaŵerama msana ngati munthu. Chifuwa "anthu" selo kukodzedwa, ndi nyama ndi mbalame ndi wothinikizidwa ku mbali.
Khomo lachiberekero mbalame mafupa dipatimenti ankaimira 11-25 ufulu vertebrae, koma vertebrae wa thoracic ndi mwamphamvu amakondana kwambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndi a vertebrae wa lumbar dipatimenti. Sacral gawo ophatikizidwa ndi lamba wa miyendo yakumbuyo, ndipo anapanga sacrum.
Pali kusiyana mu mafupa nkhope, ndipo mu zone ya nthambi ndi nthambi okha. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame ndi muyezo - chichereŵechereŵe outgrowth, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pa accretion wa clavicle kuti sternum lapansi. Pa mbalame zouluka sternum anayamba mwamphamvu zokwanira, ndi muyezo - lalikulu.
dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa zikuphatikizapo mbalame miyendo yakumbuyo, amene ali aakulu awiri, wamphamvu m'chiuno mafupa zinaphatikizidwa ndi sacrum zovuta. Ndipo ngati mbalame amayenda pa miyendo iwiri, sacrum yokha kwambiri amphamvu. The sacrum aumbike mwa sacral zinaphatikizidwa, lumbar, caudal vertebrae, choncho iwo amaganiza kuti lumbar mbalame kumeneko.
mafupa mbalame mafupa wosiyana zina zamoyo mu kuti cholimba ndi opepuka. Izi zimatheka, choyamba, chifukwa mafupa tubular wa mbalame. Kachiwiri chomasuka fupa m'kamwa anafotokoza. Choncho nkhuku chigoba misa ndi penapake 5 -15% mwa kulemera kwa thupi lake. Kupatulapo msana khomo lachiberekero, lonse msana immobile.
Ngati miyendo kutsogolo chifukwa cha kusanduka inasanduka mapiko, burashi ndi pafupifupi sunayambe. Koma mbalame zouluka bwino, lalikulu pectoral minofu amapanga kwinakwake 15-20% ya misa, ndi dongosolo lawo lapadera zimalimbikitsa mtendere wa mbalame.

Atayima m'munsimu mlingo wa chitukuko kuposa mbalame ndi nyama, ndi kalasi zapoizoni. A thupi chokwawa wapangidwa ndi mutu, pakhosi, nthunthu ndi malekezero, kupatula njoka ndi abuluzi legless, amene mosatsata miyendo. Ndi kumanga dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa ndi pafupi ndi zokwawa achule, koma mosiyana ndi iwo, ali ndi mafupa ouma. More mwapang'onopang'ono Kapangidwe ka mafupa ndi minofu ya nyama anatsimikiza sayenda awo. Mafupa zapoizoni, komanso dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa a mbalame kwambiri, imakhala ndi khomo lachiberekero, thoracic, sacral ndi caudal dera. Long m'mbali olumikizidwa kwa breastbone, thorax anapanga.
Zokwawa, mosiyana ndi nyama zina, ndi minofu kuligaŵa, makamaka, minofu intercostal. Iwo akhoza kusintha voliyumu ya chifuwa, compress ndi kum'kulitsa tizitsatira ndondomeko ya kupuma. Popeza zokwawa nthiti kutha free, timatha iwo kumeza chakudya m'malo lalikulu. Iwo madzi anayamba gawo caudal.
Polongosola mwachidule, mwina kudziŵika kuti mafupa a nyama ndi mbali zapadera, koma ntchito zofanana. Akutumikira monga thandizo thupi, kuteteza ziwalo, ndi kukuthandizani kuyenda mozungulira danga moyo.