Ndani adzamanga mlatho kudutsa Khwalala la Kerch? Kumanga madokolo. Ntchito ya mlatho pamtunda wa Kerch Strait

Mutu wa kumanga mlatho kudutsa Kerch Strait wakhala wofunikira makamaka pambuyo pa zovuta zandale zomwe zinachitika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2014 ku Ukraine, zomwe zinachititsa kuti Crimea ipite ku Russia.

Kuchokera ku mbiri ya funsoli

Lingaliro lomwelo lofunikirako ndilofunika kuti likhale logwirizanitsa mabanki awiriwa ndi mlatho wawukulu wakhalapo kuyambira nthawi yakale. Zimaonekera m'mabuku ena a mbiri yakale. Koma kumangidwa kwa mlatho kudutsa Kerch Strait wakhala akubwezeretsedwa nthawi zonse chifukwa cha tsogolo losatsimikizirika chifukwa cha zovuta zamakono ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokwaniritsa polojekiti. Kunena zoona, kufunikira kwachangu kunachitika pokhapokha panthaŵi ino. Zaka zonse zapitazi ndi anthu ndi magalimoto oyendayenda pamtunda wa Kerch zinali zokhutiritsa kwambiri. Ikhala ikugwira ntchito bwino kuyambira September 1954 mpaka lero. Ndipo zaka khumi izi zisanachitike, mlatho wokhazikika womwe unadutsa pamtundawu unamangidwa. Zinali zofunika kwambiri pakuchita ntchito za usilikali. Iyo inamangidwa panthawi ya nkhondo ndi maginito ojambula a Soviet Army kuchokera ku zipangizo zomwe zinakonzedwa ndi a ku Germany omwe anaukira. Ntchito yomanga mlatho wa Kerch inkaonetsetsa kuti dziko la North Caucasus likukonzekera kwambiri.

Pambuyo pa kubwerera kwa Crimea

M'nthaŵi ya Soviet ya mbiri ya Crimea, kudutsa kwakukulu kwa katundu ndi anthu okwera kupita kuchilumbachi kunaperekedwa ndi sitima kudutsa ku Perekop Isthmus. Ng'ombe yomwe idutsa pamtunda wa Kerch Strait inali yachiwiri. Zinthu zinasintha kwambiri pambuyo pobwerera ku Crimea kupita ku Russia. Nkhani yokhuza kumanga mlatho pamwamba pa mlatho imachokera pa siteji ya zokambirana mpaka pamapeto. Funso losavomerezeka linayambika kuti ndani adzamanga mlatho kudutsa pa Kerch Strait. Ntchito yomangayi ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi dziko la Russia. Ndipo ndikofunikira kumanga mwamsanga mwamsanga, kotero moyenera. Polimbana ndi kusakhazikika kwa ndale ku Ukraine, mlatho womwe unadutsa pamtundawu unapindula kwambiri pa moyo wachuma wa peninsula. Chuma ca Crimea chimachokera makamaka pa utumiki wa alendo. Ndipo njira yachikhalidwe kwa iwo, yolumikizana ndi kudutsa kudera la Ukraine, inakhala funso lalikulu.

Pakati pa Crimea ndi Caucasus

Sitikunenedwa kuti ntchito ya mlatho kudutsa Kerch Strait inali yoyamba mu mbiri ya zomangamanga za mlatho padziko lapansi. Padziko lonse lapansi mukhoza kupeza zovuta komanso zoonjezera zomangamanga. Koma ndi zonsezi, sizingatheke kuti paliponse phokoso lokhaloka pamtunda. Kerch Strait si malo ophweka, ponseponse pa geologically ndi hydrologically. Mtunda wocheperapo pakati pamphepete mwa nyanja ndi pafupi makilomita sikisi. Posankha njira yothetsera injini, omangawo ayenera kuganizira zoopsa za seismic m'deralo lonse, mafunde ovuta kwambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mafunde amphamvu a m'nyanja ndi mphepo zam'mlengalenga. Mkhalidwe wamkuntho wa mlengalenga ndi khalidwe mu nyengo ya nyengo ya gawo ili la dera. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndikuonetsetsa kuti mitsuko yosasunthika ikuyenda pamsewu wopita ku Black Sea kupita ku Azov komanso mosiyana.

Kusankha Njira

Kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa June, 2014, sakudziwika kuti ndani adzamanga mlatho pamtunda wa Kerch Strait, koma palibe chisankho chotsimikizika cha polojekiti yomwe kontrakitayo ikuyenera kuyigwiritsa ntchito. Pali mitundu pafupifupi eyiti yotereyi. Chofunikira kwambiri cha boma pa polojekitiyi ndi kuphatikiza pa zomangamanga imodzi za misewu ndi madokolo. Njira yodalirika kwambiri ya njira zopitilira njira zomwe zili pamakambirano ndi ziwiri. Iwo akhoza kukhala ovomerezeka kukhala "kumpoto" ndi "kum'mwera". Zoonadi, mapulojekiti amafufuzidwa osati pokhapokha ndi njira zamagwiridwe, komanso ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kudzera mwa Zhukovka ku Kerch

Chotsatira cha kumpoto chimaphatikizapo kumanga mlatho kuchokera kumudzi wa Zhukovka kutsogolo kwa kulavulira Chushka, kumene kuli malo a Kavkaz. Poyamba, njirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa mtunda wa pakati pa mabanki m'malo ano ndi ochepa. Ndi makilomita osachepera asanu ndi limodzi. Koma kumanga kwa milatho, mwakutanthauzira, kumaphatikizapo kukonzanso njira zoyankhulirana. Ndipo njira iyi silingatchedwe bwino, imatsogolera osati ku gombe la Krasnodar Territory, koma ku Chushka ndi yopapatiza komanso yolekerera, yosiyana ndi njira yayikuru. Kuti polojekitiyi ikhale yolondola, zidzakhala zofunikira kukhazikitsa njira yayitali ku mlatho kuchokera ku Caucasus m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kulimbitsa chidutswa chosasunthika cha malovu a Chushka.

Kupyolera mwa Tuzla

Dzina limeneli linadziwika kwa anthu ambiri kuchokera pawailesi. Pafupifupi zaka khumi zapitazo amauza anthu za nkhondo ya Chirasha-Chiyukireniya chifukwa cha izi, malo omwe anali osambitsidwa ndi theka la nyanja. Masiku ano, malovu a Tuzla amakhalanso pakati pa anthu monga malo odalirika kwambiri kwa omwe adzamanga mlatho kudutsa Kerch Strait. Akatswiri ambiri azaumisiri ndi omwe akupanga chisankho amadalira, amakonda kuika patsogolo pamtunda wa njirayo. Ndipo izi ziribe kanthu ngakhale kuti kutalika konse kwa mlatho pamalo ano ndi pafupi makilomita khumi ndi awiri. Ndipotu, pamsewuwu ndikofunika kumanga milatho iwiri - Tuzla kulavulira tsopano ndi chilumba, ndipo kuti tifike ku peninsula ya Taman, ndikofunikira kumanga mlatho kudutsa, potsata njira zogwiritsira ntchito ndizomwe sizinali zochepa. Zidzakhala ndi ntchito yaikulu yowunikira kuti likhazikitse chilumba cha Tuzla. Koma ngakhale kuganizira zovuta zonse zamakono, njira yakum'mwera ya njirayo ndi yochepa kwambiri kwa ndalama zomwe zimagulidwa.

Njira zina zomwe mungasankhe

Zomwe zilizonse zamakono zowonongeka zimakhala zochepetsedwa kuti ziphatikizidwe zosiyana siyana za zomangamanga pa imodzi mwa misewu iwiri yokhazikika. Ena a iwo amapereka mlatho, ndikudutsa mumsewu womwe uli patali. Ena amapereka njira yokhayo yokhayo yokhayo yomwe ili pa gawo la njanji ya mlatho. Koma zonsezi ndi zodula kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimawerengedwa. Ndipo zosaloledwa ndi chitetezo - kumangidwe kwa dera kumapangitsa kuti miyoyo ya anthu omwe angakhale mumsewu panthawi yamanjenje ikhale yoopsya. Choncho, malinga ndi kugwirizana kwa geological ndi zachuma, mlatho womwe umayang'anizana ndi Kerch Strait sudzaphatikizira gawo lachitsulo, mosasamala kuti chivomerezo cha njira yomaliza ya mlathowo.

Za ndani amene amange mlatho kudutsa Khwalala la Kerch

Kusankha kwa makontrakitala a polojekiti yambiri yopanga ntchito sikunakwaniritsidwebe. Mosakayikira, palibe kusowa kwa anthu omwe akufuna kutenga nawo mbali pa chitukuko cha bajeti? Mtengo wa mlatho kudutsa Kerch Strait ukhoza kutsimikiziridwa kokha. Dzina lodziwika bwino la chiwerengero cha ruble 350 biliyoni ndiloyamba. Zonse zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse ndi ku Russia pakukonzekera kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti, mosasamala kanthu kuti sukulu yopanga mlatho ku Russia imakhala ndi zochitika zambiri pakukonza ndi kumanga nyumba zomangamanga zovuta, palibe chikhalidwe chomwecho chinayang'anizana ndi polojekiti kuchokera pamlingo wotere. Daraja la Kerch kawiri konse limadutsa mlatho wotchuka wa Presidential pa Volga ku Ulyanovsk, yomwe kutalika kwake ndi makilomita 5 mamita 700. Ndipo nthawi yake yokometsedwa ndi yolimba. Pakalipano, makonzedwe apadera adakhazikitsidwa mkati mwa makampani a boma "Russian Highways". Zimagwira ntchito ngati zomangamanga. Kampani ya Giprotransmost OJSC inalengezedwa kuti inapambana mpikisano wa kafukufuku wamakono ndi chitukuko chazowunikira ndi zachuma.

Chiyanjano cha China

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pakupanga ndi kumanga zipangizo zowonongeka ndizitsulo zamakina a China. Malinga ndi kutalika kwa milatho ndi motorways zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito chaka ndi chaka, dziko lino liribe ofanana padziko lonse lapansi. Nyuzipepalayi inalengeza za chidwi chawo ndi zomwe akunena kuti mbali ya China ikugwira ntchito pomanga mlatho kudutsa pa Kerch Strait. Cholinga cha kukopa omanga Ufumu wa Kumwamba kunachokera ku Russia. Chiwerengero cha anthu a ku China mu polojekitiyi sichinafikepo.

Malamulo omanga

Kuti polojekitiyi ikwaniritsidwe, ntchitoyi idakalipo pazaka za Russia, zaka zinayi zaloledwa. Ntchito yomangayo iyenera kuyamba mu chaka cha 2014. Mlatho umene umadutsa pa Kerch Strait uyenera kugwira ntchito pasanathe theka lachiwiri la 2018. Kuchepetsa ntchito yomanga ndikukonza ntchito kumangowonjezera kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa polojekitiyo. Kuphatikiza pa mlatho, kumbali zonse ziwiri za ntchitoyi pamafunika ntchito yambiri kuti mumange misewu yopita kumalo komanso njira zothandizira zothandizira. Chuma ca Crimea chimadalira pa ntchito yoyendetsa malowa nthawi yomweyo. Mtsinje wa Kerch wotenthawu watopa kwambiri. Anthu omwe amapita ku Crimea kukapuma, zimatengera pafupifupi tsiku kuti liime pamzere akuyembekezera kuwoloka. Zinthu izi zimalepheretsa anthu oyendayenda kupita ku chilumbachi.