Ntchito yomanga ngalande ku Nicaragua. Kodi Russia ikugwira ntchito yotani?

Ntchito yomanga ngalande ku Nicaragua ndi njira ina yowonjezereka yopita ku Panama yomwe imagwirizanitsa Atlantic ndi Pacific. Cholinga chophatikiza zivomezi ziwiri zazikulu choyamba chinaonekera m'zaka za zana la 16, ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kwake kunayambika kokha m'zaka zana zapitazi ku Isthmus ya Panama. Kwa kumanga, gawo lochepa kwambiri la dzikolo linasankhidwa, pomwe kudutsa madzi kudutsa. Panthawi yomanga, ntchito yovuta yolumikiza imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe inatha kukweza zombo zazikulu kutalika kwa mamita 26 pamwamba pa nyanja. Ntchito yomanga ngalande ku Nicaragua inayambika mwadzidzidzi mu December 2014, ndipo nthawi yomwe polojekitiyi ikuyendetsa polojekiti ikuyendetsedwa moyenera zaka khumi.

Kanema wa ku Nicaragua M'mbiri

Kukambirana, komwe kunayambanso ntchito yaikulu yomangamanga padziko lonse lapansi, poyamba kunayang'ana njira ya madzi ku Nicaragua. Lingaliro lija linalepheretsedwa ndi kuti kutalika kwa Panama ismmus ndizowonongeka kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa kumpoto kwa chigawo cha San Juan del Norte, kumene kukonzedweratu kutengera chotengera kuchokera ku dziwe lalikulu kupita ku lina. Chokongola cha polojekitiyi chinali chakuti panalibe mapiri ndi miyala yayikulu ya graniti pamalo a Nicaragua. Mtsinje wa Saint-Juan, umene unadzaza ndi mipukutu yamakedzana, unamangidwanso ndi Amwenye a m'mbuyomo ndipo sichikulepheretsani kumanga, koma m'malo mwake umayendetsa.

Kukongola kwachuma kwa njirayo

Mtsinje wa Mežokean ku Nicaragua unali wochititsa chidwi m'zaka za zana la 19, pamene dongosolo lake lachitsulo linafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi Louis Napoleon mwiniwake. Lingalirolo linatengedwa ndi Achimereka, kenaka adanyozedwa ndi French, omwe anali ndi ulamuliro chifukwa cha Suez Canal. Ntchito ya ku France inalephera. Pano ife tikupita ndikukamba za kuti njira ziwiri zapamwamba za njirayi zinaganiziridwa, potsiriza, mu 1914, njira ya Panama Nyanja inaonekera. Chifaniziro chake - Chingwe cha Nicaragua chinayamba kumangidwa kumapeto kwa 2014. Kukongola kwachuma chakumapetoko ndiko kuti mbale wake akukula mwakhama.

Kubwezera kwa malonda kukuwonjezereka modabwitsa. Ntchitoyi ikufuna kupulumutsa. Ntchito yomanga ngalande ku Nicaragua idzafupikitsa mtunda wa pakati pa malo ambiri azachuma, makamaka pakati pa New York ndi San Francisco, njirayo idzachepetsedwa ndi makilomita 800. Kubwerera mu 2006, Enrique Bolaños, Purezidenti wa Nicaragua panthawiyo, adanena pamsonkhanowu kuti dziko lake linali lokonzekera bwino ntchitoyi.

Sitimayo inasamukira

Mtsinje waukulu wa Nicaragua kwa zaka zambiri anakhalabe wongonena chabe. Pokhapokha mu 2012, boma la mayiko linayamba kuchita zochitika zenizeni izi. Mu Julayi 2012, mgwirizano unalembedwa kuti ukhale ndi mfundo zowunikira komanso zachuma za zomangidwe ndi mtengo wa madola 720,000. Panopa mu September 2012, mndandanda wa mayina wa Hong Kong unalembedwa, kuwonetsa kuthekera kwa zomangidwe ndikudziwitsa zotsatira zachuma, zachilengedwe ndi zamagetsi. Ndalama zogula ntchitoyi zinakonzedweratu phindu la osunga ndalama ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana. Pakalipano, China idakali wothandizira kwambiri mfundoyi. Chitukuko cha Nicaragua chinakhazikitsa maziko a ntchito zambiri osati kwa anthu okhawo, komanso kwa anthu ena a ku Central America.

Kodi n'chiyani chinayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa polojekiti zaka zambiri zapitazo?

Kukonzekera kwa zomangamanga kwazaka zambiri kunabwera chifukwa cha kukula kwa kayendetsedwe ka malonda. Ngati simukulumikiza mautumiki a makina a madzi, patapita zaka 15 padzakhala mavuto othawa kudzera mu kanjira ya Panama. Akatswiri amaneneratu kuti pofika chaka cha 2030 kayendetsedwe ka m'nyanjayi kadzawonjezereka ndi osachepera 240%. Mu June 2013, Nicaragua inalandira kalata, malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la HKND linapatsidwa. Ndiyo yemwe adzatsatiramo lingaliro mu khumi khumi. Kuchokera pa kusamutsidwa kwa ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito polojekitiyo mpaka kumapeto kwa 2014, nkhani zachuma zinathetsedwa.

Mavuto anakumanapo

Ntchito yomanga ngalande ku Nicaragua inayambika itatha kuthetsa vuto lalikulu ndikugonjetsa zopinga zambiri. M'mbiri yonse ya chitukuko cha polojekiti yotsutsana ndi iye inali nkhondo yogwira ntchito yapadera ku America. Ndizovuta kunena mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zimachititsa khalidwe ndi mkwiyo wotere wa dziko lalikulu, koma tifunikira kuzindikira mfundo zingapo. Mwini wa kampani ya concessiireire nthawi zonse ankalankhula zabodza. Wang Jing anaimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cholephera. Uthengawu unafalikira kuti ntchito yomanga ngalande ku Nicaragua sichidzabweretsa phindu lachuma. Zoona za kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa katundu wa panyanja zinaperekedwa bwino. Ngakhale magulu odziwika bwino a zachilengedwe adalowa nawo nkhondo ya PR. Palibe chodandaulira cha nthawiyo chinapambana, ndipo ntchitoyi idakhazikika pa December 22, 2014.

Chidwi cha mayiko padziko lapansi

Ntchito yomanga ngalande yatsopano ku Nicaragua imathandizidwa kwambiri ndi China, popeza cholinga cha boma ndi chofunika kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kufunika kwa mafuta akuluakulu komanso katundu wina wochokera ku South America. Kwa chuma cha China, kuyambitsa kanjira kudzakhala kupambana kwenikweni. Kwa maiko ambiri, polojekiti idzatsegula mwayi waukulu wa chitukuko. Pulezidenti wa dzikoli wanena mobwerezabwereza kuti njira yatsopanoyi ku Nicaragua idzapitilira kuwonjezeka kwa GDP kwa munthu aliyense mpaka dziko lidzakhala lolemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ku Russia, boma lake likuona ntchitoyi ngati njira ina yochokera ku Pacific kupita ku Atlantic, koma osati.

Ntchito ya Russia pomanga ngalande

Poyang'ana, Russia sichisangalatsidwa kwambiri ndi njirayo. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, dzikoli sali njira ina yokha ayi. Kumbali inanso, thandizo la boma la zomangamanga lidzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu muzandale. Kuchita mbali pakukhazikitsidwa kwa lingaliroli, Russia idzatsimikizira kudzipereka kwake ku dziko lamapikisano lotsekemera lomwe limatsekedwa kuti likhale lokhazikika pamodzi ndi miyezo iwiri. Mu November 2013, boma lidaitanira Russia kugawana nawo ndikugulitsa chuma kuti apange kanema ku Nicaragua. Kugwira nawo ntchito ku Russia masiku ano ndi vuto chifukwa chosadziwa zambiri, koma pofika chaka cha 2013, nthumwi za boma zinagwirizana ndi pempholi ndipo zinalengeza kuti zingathe kutenga zipangizo zamakono, zipangizo ndi zomangamanga.

Ntchito yomanga msewu wamkati mwa nyanja ku Nicaragua monga njira ya China ndi Russia kutsutsana ndi US: chitukuko china cha zochitika

Akatswiri akukonzekera chifukwa chochititsa chidwi cha chifukwa chomanga chingwechi. Chophimbidwa, koma nthawizonse chowonekera, chowonadi chinali chakuti ndi America yomwe imayendetsa Canal Canal, ndipo Panama palokha imakhala ngati chitetezo chake. Njira yomwe ili pakati pa nyanja ziwiri zazikuru ikuwonetsedwa ndi chiwerengero china cha akatswiri monga mgwirizano wa Russia ndi China motsutsana ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo yomwe ikubwerayo ndi United States pokhudzana ndi zochitika zachuma zamakono padziko lapansi. Tawonani kuti dziko la China linapatsidwa chilolezo osati kokha pomanga kanjira, komanso chifukwa cha ntchito yake m'zaka zana zotsatira. Pakadali pano, makampani opanga makampani a ku Russia sachita nawo ntchito yomanga, koma izi zikupitirizabe kukula. Panopa cholinga cha mayiko pa ntchito yomanga ndi chowonadi, ndi kovuta kuweruza. Chokhacho chowonekera ndi phindu la zachuma kuchokera ku polojekiti kwa dziko lonse lapansi.

Kugwirizana kwa Russia

Akatswiri ambiri azachuma amanena kuti kudzipereka kwa Russia ku Russia osati ndalama zokhazokha zokwanira ($ 40 biliyoni, zomwe ndi makutu pomanga ngalande ya Panama). Chofunika kwambiri cha mgwirizanowu ndikuti Nicaragua inathandiza dzikoli ndipo linagwera mndandanda wa mayiko 11 omwe adavotera udindo wa Russia ku United Nations yokhudzana ndi referendum ku Crimea. Msonkhano Wachigawo wa UN pa nthawiyo unasankha chigamulo, malinga ndi zomwe referendum za m'dera la Crimea zinalengezedwa mosavomerezeka. Mayiko 11 okha adathandizira msonkhano, 100 adatsutsana ndi referendum ndipo 58 anasiya. Izi zinayambitsa maziko a mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko 11 omwe amatsutsa ambiri: Belarus ndi Armenia, Syria ndi Cuba, North Korea ndi Sudan, Zimbabwe ndi Bolivia, Venezuela ndi Nicaragua.

Ndi mwayi wanji umene Russia adalandira kuchokera ku mgwirizano?

Pambuyo pa kumanga pa December 22, dziko la Russia linalandira chilolezo choyendetsa zombo zawo m'madera a boma ndi kumanga makonzedwe onse kuti athe kuona momwe njirayo ikugwirira ntchito ku Nicaragua. Kuchita nawo Russia kumangidwe kwa zaka zapitazo kumayesedwa mosamalitsa. Pali mabaibulo omwe China ikuthandizira kulimbikitsa njira yatsopano ku Nicaragua. Dzikoli limapereka gawo lake, ndipo dziko la Russia limapatsidwa ntchito yoteteza malowa. Kuweruza pazimenezi sizingatheke, chifukwa pali zambiri zopanda chidziwitso, ndipo akatswiri a zachuma ndi ndale angapatse anthu mndandanda chabe zomwe zikuchitika.

Ntchito yomanga maolivi

Ntchito yomanga kanjira yatsopano ku Nicaragua idzakhala ntchito yayikuru padziko lonse muzaka zaposachedwapa. Mtengo wa lingaliro limeneli ndikulingalira pa $ 40 biliyoni. Ntchitoyi idzakhazikitsidwa mu 2019, ndipo ntchito yomaliza yomalizayi idzakonzedwa mu 2039. Pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga, akukonzekera kumanga maiko awiri atsopano, ndege, bomba la mafuta ndi zina zamalonda. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa polojekitiyi kudzathandiza kwambiri pakukula kwa chuma cha dziko lonse, kudzachititsa mayiko ambiri kuti apindule ndipo adzabweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa mamiliyoni ambiri. Nanga bwanji za Canal Canal? Nicaragua ikuyesa kulenga fano lofanana, lomwe mtsogolomu silidzafanana. M'zaka zingapo tidzawona ngati izi zakhala bwino.