Malo Geographical a Antarctica: mwachidule

malo Geographical a Antarctica - chinthu chokha chimene pafupifupi N'zosakayikitsa apaulendo zambiri kalelo, akupita kukafuna Africa chimodzi. dziko Unknown inali, maganizo awo, kum'mwera kwa Africa ndi Australia. Ndipo anapeza mu Antarctica mu 1820. Udindo Hrs m'dzikoli tsopano kukhazikika bwino. Ndi izi kwakukulukulu Mzimuyo kuopsa kwa nyengo ndi mavuto ena mu Africa ndi.

malo Geographical a Antarctica: mwachidule

Kale, Aristotle ankakhulupirira kuti kuli a kontinenti lakutali kum'mwera. maganizo ake anathandiza chiphunzitso chosokonekera za dziko lapansi: M'dziko ayenera kugawa bwino muyeso wake kumpoto. Ndipo, ndithudi, Africa achisanu ili mu dera kum'mwera kumalo ozizira. malo, popenyana ndi zigawo Arctic za dziko lapansi, ngakhale zimaonekera dzina lake. Ndi manambala oyambirira "odana" njira zakale Greek "ndi".

Geographical malo Antarctica womangika dera lotchedwa Antarctic. Tili ndi 48-60º S. yakumadzulo. m'dera limene mukukhala Chile, Akuti pa makilomita lalikulu 13.975. Mkati chithunzi ichi, ndi maalumali ayezi, ndi Ufumuyo Africa kwa chilumbachi. Ngati mawerengedwe a m'dera la alumali chokhala ndi kuganizira, chithunzi ukuwonjezeka 16 355 thous. Km ^2.

M'mphepete ndi pakati

malo Geographical a Antarctica amakhala ndi chilumba yaitali, amene anatambasula kwa America South. Nayi mfundo kumpoto kwa Chile. Izi Cape Sifre. Anakwanitsa 63º13 'kum'mwera kumpoto. Pa mbali ina ya dziko la kudera la Africa achisanu siyikuperekedwa mpaka ku nyanja.

amayang'anira a likulu la Antarctica - za 84º S. yakumadzulo ndi 64º. e. Iwo ankatchedwa "mzati wa inaccessibility". Maganizo za malo enieni wake mogwirizana angapo. Mu sayansi, mzati wa inaccessibility ndi mfundo kutali njirazo zoyendera mu nkhani ya mayiko asanu - kuchokera gombe. Komabe, zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo zinthu makamaka m'mayiko ambirimbiri a Antarctica, zinachititsa chakuti malo ake si kophweka kudziwa. Pagombe mzere angathe kuchitidwa pa "malo" wa dziko ndi madzi, kapena maalumali ayezi ndi nyanja. Chifukwa cha ichi, ndendende malo a mzati wa inaccessibility si kumatanthauza. Nthawi kugwirizana ndi dzina lomweli siteshoni Soviet anaika pa 82º06 'yakumadzulo. yakumadzulo. ndipo 54º58 'kuti. d.

Mulimonsemo, malo likulu la Africa si lifanane ndi malo a Pole South. Ngati woona kusankha woyamba wa anati ndondomeko, mtunda therebetween ndi za 660 Km.

Wamkulukulu Africa

Pamene ndinali kuphunzira malo Hrs a Antarctica kalasi 7, anthu ochepa kumbukirani momwe kontinenti "kukwezedwa" pamwamba pa nyanja. kontinenti chimodzi imatengedwa kukhala apamwamba. Chifukwa yokongola ayezi chivundikirocho. Kutalika avareji padziko Antarctica okwera mamita zikwi ziwiri. Pakati pa Africa limatuluka kuti 4000 mamita ambiri mphamvu -. Ice. 0,3 Only% ya mpumulo Antarctica momasuka kwa izo. Kutalika kwa pamwamba pa Africa ndi chimodzi nthawi 2.8 woposa wa kontinenti ina.

magawo awiri

chiwerengero cha mabacteria ufulu ayezi, imakhala Transantarctic Mountains. Iwo akugawana Africa mu zigawo ziwiri: West ndi East Antarctica. Mbali zimenezi ndi zosiyana mu dongosolo lawo ndi chiyambi. Kum'mawa gawo - malo sizovuta mkulu yachonde m'dzikoli, kufika chilemba cha mamita zikwi zinayi pamwamba pa nyanja. Western dera wotanganidwa ndi zilumba lamapiri chikugwirizana ndi mzake ndi ayezi. Mu dera limodzi, pa Pacific gombe, anaika Antarctic Andes, komanso owonjezera mamita 4000 pamwamba pa nyanja. The chimbuzi m'dzikoli - Vinson Massif. Iwo lili West Antarctica ndipo kukudza kwa 4892 m. Mu gawo chomwecho, ndipo ali ambiri "wochepa" kufika kumtunda. maganizo Izi Bentley wodzazidwa ndi ayezi. mozama ake ukufika 2555 mamita pansi pa nyanja.

chivundikiro chidwi

malo Geographical a Antarctica - kuti tithe kumvetsa mbali zonse za Chile. Ndi chifukwa ngati chidwi ayezi chivundikiro m'dzikoli. A maphunziro ofanana angapezeke mu Greenland. Komabe, Antarctic ayezi "chophimba" chimaposa maulendo khumi. Tsatanetsatane wa nyumba imeneyi ndi chidwi. Apa anamaliza 90% ayezi yense amene ali m'dziko la dziko lathuli. kukula kwake - pafupifupi miliyoni 33 makilomita kiyubiki!

Ice chivundikirocho ndi mapangidwe chokhala ndi mzikiti. The steepness padziko kumawonjezera kwa gombe. Kudzikundikira mwapang'onopang'ono misa amachititsa kayendedwe ka ayezi kwa kwe (ablation sayansi). Am'derali a Antarctica ndi gombe. Apa, ayezi akuswa kutali, namkholowa anapanga. Chaka chilichonse, buku okwana chiwonongeko pafupifupi 2.5 zikwi ³ Km.

mbali

Monga mmene taonera, malo Hrs ya Antarctic ndi glacial mpumulo ndi inextricably zogwirizana. Kuwayika Africa kwachititsa kuti zikamera wa mfundo inanso m'dzikoli. Ichi ndi yaikulu m'dera la maalumali ayezi. Iwo pang'ono ikuyandama m'madzi, pang'ono zochokera pansi, izo umachokera ku gombe. Ice maalumali - gwero la chidwi kwambiri kukula namkholowa ake. nthawi payekha bwanji miyeso yake ngakhale ndithu anazolowera zodabwitsa za Antarctica asayansi. Chitsanzo chabwino - madzi oundana B-15, wosweka kutali mu 2000 ku Ross Ice alumali. Iwo ali m'dera kuposa zikwi khumi makilomita lalikulu.

M'nyengo yozizira (mu Chigawo cha kumpoto pa nthawi iyi ya chilimwe) gawo wotanganidwa ndi alumali ayezi Akuti pa 18 miliyoni kukafika ^². Pamene m'malo chilimwe akubwera, m'dera lawo yafupika miliyoni 3-4 Km ^².

maphunziro wakale

Ofufuzawa Akuti kontinenti a ayezi pepala unakhazikitsidwa za 14 miliyoni zapitazo. Osati ntchito osachepera mu izi ankaimba kukokoloka kwa jumpers pamaso polumikiza Africa chimodzi ndi America South. "Kenako" pa izo - ndi Antarctic Peninsula. Izi ndondomeko mwachionekere zinachititsa kuti pakhale ya mafunde ndi mphepo ya Western (Atlantic circumpolar panopa), zomwe alekanitsa madzi ozungulira America, ku nyanja.

notional malire

malo Geographical a Antarctica pa malo dongosolo kapena mapu amadziwikanso chimafotokozera moyandikana kwa Atlantic, Pacific ndi nyanja ya Indian. Mu ena mabuku iwo mwachindunji kuzungulira Africa. Mu zina Antarctica kutsukidwa ndi madzi a Kumwera Ocean. malire ake notional akhoza kutchulidwa kwa mphepo Western. Kudzipatula a Southern Ocean m'malo mwamwayi, ngakhale chiyambireni zaka zino, ndi zambiri zopezeka mu mabuku.

zinthu kutentha madzi mozungulira Africa zosiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana kuchokera -2 ° C kwa 10 ° C. The Kumwera Ocean - malo a mikuntho amphamvu ndi mphepo. M'nyengo yozizira iyo amaundana mpaka 65º S. yakumadzulo. mu Pacific mpaka 55º S. yakumadzulo. mu Atlantic. Komabe, m'madera ena kukhala omasuka ayezi nthawi yonseyi chifukwa mphepo yamphamvu.

nyengo

malo Geographical a Antarctica amakhudza nyengo pa dziko lapansi. Apa ndi mzati ozizira dzikoli. The yozizira kwambiri (-88.3 ° C) analembedwa ndi asayansi Soviet mu August 1960 pa siteshoni "Vostok". Salima Thyolo Zomba m'nyengo yozizira zimasiyanasiyana pakati pa -60 ° C ndi -70 ° C. Chilimwe osiyanasiyana ndi yosiyaniranapo: kwa -30 ° C kwa -50 ° C. Ambiri, kutentha nkomwe kuno silituluka pamwamba -20 ° C. Kupatulapo kuli gombe ndi mfundo zake kwambiri - Antarctic Peninsula. Mpweya m'chilimwe akhoza analimbikitsa kuti 10-12 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira kutentha akutsikira ku chilumba ang'ono ndi mfundo za mlingo Africa kuti -8 ° C. Mu gulu ili ozizira mpweya misa ku likulu la Africa "lingathandize" m'malo amphamvu mphepo zina mathamangidwe wawo akayamba 90 m / s.

Antarctica (malo Hrs ndi kulimbikitsa izo) Sizikudziwika kuti makhalidwe a chinyezi. Apakatikati - 60-80%, Gombe izo yafupika 20%, ndi m'madera ena - ngakhale mpaka 5%. Mfundo imeneyi makamaka kukwapula pamene wina amakumbukira mmene madzi ali chipolopolo achisanu m'dzikoli.

Kamodzi kalekale, Antarctica chidafundidwa ndi nkhalango. Ofufuza pa Africa amakumana ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja, mapiri ndi zitunda, mitsinje ndi madambo. Lero N'zovuta kulingalira ngati Antarctica. Za m'mbuyomu zikusonyeza zina mwa mchere anapeza, makamaka madipoziti malasha. Komabe, ambiri a chuma chobisika ayezi chivundikiro, koma kuti apeza. The mavuto a Antarctica masiku ano zokhudzana ndi malo ake Hrs, musalole kuti msanga adziwe m'madera ambiri m'dzikoli. Mwina n'chifukwa chake ndi apa kuti zinayamba mgwirizano padziko lonse pulogalamu. Akatswiri ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana pamodzi kuyesera kumvetsa zinsinsi za Africa chimodzi. Ndi digiri ya patsogolo zambiri kumadalira luso kukambirana ndi zochita co-kukhazikitsa.