Gawo, mitundu ndi nyengo mpweya. Nyengo ndi mitundu ya mpweya

Mitundu ya mpweya nyengo tiyenela kuiganizila wogwirizana kwambiri ndi mfundo "nyengo". Ndi zinthu izi n'zofunika kwambiri ngati tikambirana zinthu chigawo chomwe mufuna.

Mawu akuti "nyengo" amatanthauza mkhalidwe mlengalenga pa malo makamaka. Mapangidwe a mtundu wa nyengo, kukhalitsa ake kumatengera zifukwa zambiri, omwe malamulo awo chiwonetsero. Zinthu sizili anati m'madera ena. Mitundu ya mpweya nyengo zosiyanasiyana pa mayiko onse a dziko lapansi.

nyengo angakhudzidwe ndi zinthu monga cheza dzuwa, kuthamanga mumlengalenga, chinyezi ndi kutentha, mpweya, malangizo mphepo ndi mphamvu, cloudiness mpumulo.

nyengo

Yaitali nyengo - ndi nyengo. A chikoka kwambiri pa izo imatembenuza kuchuluka kwa dzuwa kulowa padziko lapansi. chiwerengerochi zimadalira kutalika kwa dzuwa masana - kumpoto. Kuchuluka wamkulu wa dzuwa analandira pa equator kwa mizati, mtengo uwu amachepetsa.

Ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri kulimbikitsa nyengo, ndi malingaliro tonse dziko ndi nyanja, zimene zimathandiza inu kuonetsetsa mitundu m'madzi komanso chokhala ndi nyengo.

M'madzi (zikuluzikulu) nyengo khalidwe la nyanja, ku zilumba ndi mbali mwa nyanja m'dzikoli. Mtundu wa chibadidwe yaing'ono kusinthasintha pachaka tsiku kutentha mpweya ndi kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa mlengalenga.

Ngelezi nyengo yodziwika ndi mabacteria chokhala. Chizindikiro chokhala ndi kumtunda zimadalira pachaka avareji kusinthasintha mpweya kutentha.

Chinanso kulimbikitsa nyengo, ukhoza kuitana Mafunde nyanja. kudalira Izi anawonetseredwa mu kusintha kwa mpweya misa kutentha. Iwo ali ndi makhalidwe awo monga mvula ndi nyengo pafupi nyanja.

Ndi kutentha mpweya - chinthu chotsatira, amene chikoka pa nyengo ndi nyengo sitingalephere kukambapo. Kusintha zinthu kulenga mphamvu matenthedwe wa mpweya, n'kupanga mkulu ndi otsika mumlengalenga kuthamanga nthambi. Anati mabacteria ndi anasamutsidwa mpweya misa. The losiyana anakumana mpweya misa ndipamene mumlengalenga kutsogolo, amene amakhala cloudiness, mpweya, liwiro mphepo ndi kukula kusintha kutentha.

A mogwirizana zovuta ziti pamwamba ndipamene ina mitundu madera a nyengo.

Kuonetsetsa mitundu nyengo: kunyanja, otentha chakum'mawa, otentha youma, Mediterranean, subtropical youma, kotentha apanyanja, kotentha chokhala, zolimbitsa yamvula, subarctic ndi kozizira kapena Antarctic.

Mitundu nyengo. Kufotokoza mwa chidule za mitundu yonse nyengo

mtundu Equatorial amakhala ndi pachaka avareji kutentha mkati + 26˚S, ambiri mpweya mwa chaka, chogwidwa ndi misa ofunda ndi chinyezi mpweya ndi kugawidwa mu zigawo kunyanja ya Africa, America South ndi Oceania.

Mitundu ya mpweya mwachindunji amadalira dera. Pansipa tikambirana mitundu ya nyengo, amene amakhala ndi malo otentha.

Mitundu nyengo yotentha

Weather padziko lonse ndi osiyanasiyana ndithu. Otentha mtundu yamvula nyengo ali ndi makhalidwe awa: kutentha January - + 20 ° C, mu July - + 30ºC, 2000 mamilimita mvula, chogwidwa ndi mvula. Ndi ambiri South ndi Asia South-East, West ndi pakati pa Afrika, Northern Australia.

Otentha youma nyengo yodziwika January kutentha + 12˚S, July - + 35 ° C, mvula zazing'ono mkati 200 mm, malonda mphepo kupitirizabe. Kugawira mu Africa North, Central Australia.

mtundu Mediterranean nyengo akhoza yodziwika ndi magawo zotsatirazi: kutentha January + 7˚S, mu July + 22˚S; 200 mm mvula pa dzinja pamene mkulu mumlengalenga kuthamanga ofala Anticyclones m'nyengo yozizira - zowononga. Kufalitsidwa ndi nyengo Mediterranean mu Mediterranean, South Africa, kum'mwera Australia, Western California.

Kutentha kuwerenga youma subtropical nyengo osiyanasiyana kuchokera 0s mu January kwa + 40 ° C mu July, ndi mtundu uwu wa mvula nyengo si upambana mamilimita 120 mu chikhalidwe cha youma chogwidwa misa chokhala ndi mpweya. Dera la kufala kwa mtundu umenewu wa nyengo - mbali mkati mwa dziko lonselo.

Kotentha apanyanja nyengo yodziwika ndi zizindikiro ngati kutentha kwa + 2 ° C kwa + 17˚S, mpweya mumlengalenga pa mlingo wa 1000 mm, kuti amakhala ndi mphepo kumadzulo. Iye akufalitsa m'gawo la magawo kumadzulo kwa Europe ndi ku Asia ndi North America.

Wongolerani chokhala nyengo amasonyeza kusiyana kwambiri kutentha nyengo: -15˚S - + 20 ° C, mpweya mkati 400 mm, ndi kuchuluka kwa mphepo kumadzulo mbali lamkati la mayiko.

Wongolerani yamvula akusonyeza yofanana lakuthwa kutentha -20˚S kuchokera January mpaka July mu + 23 ° C, mpweya pa 560 mm, kukhalapo ndi kuchuluka kwa yamvula kum'mawa Eurasian.

Pamene boma Arctic kutentha mtundu nyengo ndi mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera -25˚S kuti +8 ° C, mpweya - 200 mm, mu chikhalidwe yamvula predominance m'dera - Europe ndi ku Asia ndi North America.

Arctic (Antarctic) mtundu, imene pali kutentha m'munsi - -40˚S - 0s zazing'ono mvula - 100 mamilimita Anticyclones - anagawira mu zone chokhala Australia ndi Ocean Arctic.

Takambirana zoimira kugonjetsa madera akuluakulu wofotokozedwa kukhala malo zazikulu. Kuwonjezera meso- amenewa anaphunzira ndipo microclimates kuti m'madera ochepa ndi zinthu khola nyengo.

Muyeso zofunika kwambiri kudziwa mitundu ya nyengo ndi Mkhalidwe ndi kachulukidwe makhalidwe kugwa pa malo amene cha mpweya.

Mvumbi ndi mitundu. Weather ndi nyengo Lingaliro

nyengo dziko lapansi si yunifolomu, ndipo si udindo wotsiriza mu izi ankaimba ndi vuto kachulukidwe ndi Mkhalidwe mu mpweya pa gawo. Mfundo amene akudalira, Mzimuyo dera la. Mitundu ya mpweya kumatengera zifukwa zotsatirazi: mawonekedwe thupi, malo a maphunziro, chikhalidwe cha imfa, malo amene anachokera.

Tiyeni tikambirane mfundo iliyonse mwa zinthu.

Maonekedwe mpweya

Mitundu ya mpweya ali m'magulu malinga ndi mkhalidwe wawo wakuthupi:

1. Madzi, yomwe ndi drizzle ndi mvula.
2. Olimba - zikuphatikizapo chipale chofewa, dzinthu, matalala.

• m'malovu madzi - mvula. Kodi mtundu ambiri mpweya kuti kugwa kuchokera cumulonimbus ndi Nimbostratus mitambo.
• Mvula Yochepa otchedwa m'malovu tosaoneka chinyezi kuchokera m'mimba mwake wa hundredths ochepa a millimeter ndi kugwa kuchoka stratus kapena wandiweyani chifunga pa kutentha pamwamba ziro.
• Mawonekedwe osakhala a zatsalira olimba ndi matalala, mitundu amene amaonedwa chisanu ndi ayezi mbewu kugwa kuchoka pa otsika kutentha.
• Grad - mtundu wina wa zatsalira olimba mu mawonekedwe a ayezi particles kukula kwa 5-20 mm. mtundu wa mpweya, ngakhale dongosolo amagwa mu nyengo ofunda.

Mmene seasonality pa thanzi la mpweya

Malinga ndi nyengo mpweya kugwa m'njira zina. Pakuti nthawi ofunda amakhala ndi mitundu zotsatirazi: mvula, drizzle, mame, matalala. Mu nyengo yozizira, matalala zotheka, grits, chisanu, chisanu, ayezi.

Gulu la mpweya malingana ndi malo a maphunziro

Mu chapamwamba zigawo za m'mlengalenga anapanga mvula, drizzle, matalala, balere, chipale chofewa.

Pa pansi pafupi ndi nthaka - mame, chisanu, drizzle ayezi.

Khalidwe la mpweya mumlengalenga

Ndi chikhalidwe cha mpweya wa mlengalenga zikhoza kugawidwa mu drizzling ndi mvula ndi ophatikizidwa lofala. chikhalidwe chawo kumatengera zifukwa zambiri.

Drizzling mvula ndi yaitali ndipo ndi mwamphamvu otsika, katundu yodziwika ndi mwamphamvu mkulu, koma lalifupi nthawi, ndi ophatikizidwa lofala wonyong'onya mwamphamvu popanda kusinthasintha mwadzidzidzi.

Chikhalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya, kumene, zimakhudza nyengo ya malo ena, womwe amakhudza nyengo yonse. Mu kotentha Mwachitsanzo, mvula Tingaone miyezi yochepa chaka. Onse a dzuwa kuphika.

mvula nyengo

Nyengo ndi nyengo mpweya mitundu amagwira zokhudzana ndi mzake. Zinthu zimene zimakhudza kufalitsa chisanu ndi mvula, ndi kutentha, kayendedwe ka misa mpweya, thandizo ndi mafunde nyanja.

Equatorial zone nyengo yodziwika ndi mvula apamwamba mu dziko. Chimenechi ndi chifukwa cha kutentha ndi chinyezi mkulu mpweya.

Ogaŵikana ndi ouma ndi chinyezi otentha mitundu nyengo. nyengo m'dzikoli ali mvula ambiri amene ali mkati 500-5000 mm.

mtundu yamvula amakhala ndi mvula mkulu, kuti kubwera kwa nyanja. nyengo pano ndi periodicity awo.

Arctic ndi osauka precipitates chifukwa kukhalapo kwa otsika kutentha mlengalenga.

Pamaziko a malo magwero a mitundu yonse ya mpweya nyengo angathe kugawidwa:

• convection, amene amachuluka mu madera ndi nyengo yotentha, koma akhoza kukhala mabacteria ndi kotentha;
• kutsogolo, anapanga pa msonkhano wa misa mpweya awiri kutentha osiyana, zofala mitundu kotentha ndi ozizira nyengo.

kuti adzimvera

Dziko lapansi nyengo nyengo makhalidwe ndi mitundu ya mpweya - malingaliro zikuluzikulu zomwe ife akufotokozedwa. Pa mfundo imeneyi tikhoza kunena kuti Lapansi - ndi dongosolo lalikulu, aliyense mchitidwe omwe ali kudalira mwachindunji kapena mozungulira pa ena. Kudziwa zimenezi pankhani ya malamulo kugwiritsa ntchito njira Integrated kuti tione nyengo mitundu ya mpweya monga dera chidwi mu sayansi. Only ndi phunziro mwatsatanetsatane za zinthu izi mukhoza mayankho olondola a mafunso a sayansi.

Chamvula, mlengalenga ndi nyengo nyengo - mfundo izi zonse n'zogwirizana. Mu kuphunzira sikutheka kuphonya ngakhale mmodzi wa chigawo.