Chiyambi cha dzina la Valdai lake. Lake Valday: chithunzi ndi chithunzi

Nyanja Valday ndi mbiri yakale ya Russia. Lili pa Valdai Upland, 140 km kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Veliky Novgorod, limagwirizanitsa malo otchedwa National Park omwe ali ndi dzina lomwelo. Zodziŵika kuyambira kalekale, nyanjayi yasunga chinsinsi cha dzina lake, ndipo wina angoganiza kuti mizu ili pansi pa mayina achilendo a mitsinje ya Russia ndi malo ogona. Tiyeni tiyesetse kuyandikira pafupi ndi zilembo zapadera.

Malo otchedwa Valdai Upland ndi omwe amakhala mumtsinje wa Russia

Kukongola ndi kukongola kwa chikhalidwe cha Russia kumamveka bwino pa Valdai Upland. Malo okongola kwambiri a ku Russia amakongoletsa malo osawerengeka a mitsinje ndi nyanja, apadera komanso apadera. Alipo oposa mazana atatu a iwo pano. Kuyambira pano ayamba ulendo wawo: akuyenda kumpoto kupita ku Baltic, kumwera kwa Caspian ndi Black Sea. Pano pali magwero a Volga, Western Dvina ndi Dnieper, mazana a mitsinje yaying'ono ndi akasupe zikwi, omwe amadziwika ngati magwero a madzi ochepetsetsa. Mbali yaikulu ya madzi a Neva akusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku Valdai Upland. Sizodziwika kuti Valdai amatchedwa kubadwa kwa mitsinje ya Russian. Ndi chiyambi cha mabeseni a nyanja zitatu ndi gwero la madzi atsopano ku Russia. Kulowa m'madzi oyambirira khumi oyeretsa omwe ali ndi mpumulo wapadera, zilumba zazikulu ndi zazikulu, zomwe zili pafupi ndi nkhalango zazikulu, Valdai Lake sikofunika kokha padziko lapansi, komanso amakondedwa ndi anthu ambiri omwe amakhala pafupi kapena kupuma ndikukhala okha ndi mbiri ya Russia.

Chiyambi cha Valdai Lake

Mofanana ndi zida zambiri zamtunda, Valdai ali ndi chiyambi cha glacial. Nyanjayo ili ndi malo ake okongola kwambiri okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso malo okongola kwambiri. Kumapezeka pafupi ndi nyanja ya Dinner (kumagwiritsa ntchito syllable yotsiriza) ikugwirizanitsidwa ndi ngalande yotumizira mamita 100 yotchedwa Valdai, yokhazikitsidwa ndi amonke a nyumba ya ambuye ya Iversky. Kubwezeretsanso kwa nyanja zonsezi kumachitika, makamaka, patsiku la akasupe ndi makiyi, omwe amachititsa kuti madzi azizizira ndi ozizira, ndi pansi - oyera. Pa galasi pamwamba pa nyanja palizilumba zowonongeka, zitatu mwazo zikuluzikulu: Rowan, Birch ndi Patial. Mzinda wa Valdai uli pafupi ndi mabanki akumadzulo.

Zizindikiro za ma hydronyms

Tikayerekezera mbali ya galasi la Valdai Lake pamodzi ndi abale ake Seliger kapena Ilmen, ndiye mosakayikira, imataya popanda kukwera makilomita 20 mu danga. Gombe lalikulu kwambiri ndilo 10 km, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 5 km. Koma ndizosamveka kuyesa nyanja zomwe zili ndi makilomita angapo. Kukongola kwakukulu kwa galasi pamwamba pa malo okhala ndi zilumbazi, kukondweretsa kukongola kwa ma pleses, kukula kwa nyumba zomangamanga za Iversky, zomwe zinakulira ku Rowan Island, ndi nyanja yaikulu ya Valdai.

Pond magawo

Ngakhale kuti kuya kwakukulu kwa nyanja kukufanana ndi mamita 12, mpumulo wosatsimikizirika wa zochitika pansi pano umadabwitsa: M'madera ena, kutalika kwake kunali 52 ndi mamita ambiri. Nyanja ili ndi kuvutika kwakukulu, malo oposa 40% aliwonse akukhala oposa mamita 15. Rowan Island, yomwe ili pakatikati mwa nyanja, imagawanika kukhala zigwa ziwiri - Valdai ndi Dolgoborodsky. Nthaŵi yonse ya chisanu cha kalendala ndipo mpaka May gombeli likhazikika ndi ayezi. Nyanja ya Valdai ndi mbali imodzi yokhala ndi nkhalango yamadzi yokhala ndi nyanja, pofuna kutetezera mu 1991 National Park Valdai State.

Nyanja Valday, yomwe chithunzi chake chaperekedwa, chiri pafupi kuyima. Madzi ochulukirapo omwe alipo, omwe ali ndi pang'ono, amayenda kusintha kwa madzi pafupifupi zaka makumi anayi. Kuyeretsa kwa madzi m'madera amenewa kumakopa asodzi. Malingana ndi chiwerengero cha bungwe la paki, chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku Valdai lake amapeza nsomba zokwana matani 40, zomwe zambiri zimakhala zowonongeka.

Chiyambi cha dzina la Valdai Lake

Ndipo lero mikangano yokhudza tanthauzo la mawu akuti "Valdai" satha. Otsatira oyambirira m'mphepete mwa nyanja anali mafuko a Finno-Ugric, ndipo tanthauzo la mawu akuti "Valda" amatembenuzidwa kuchokera ku chilankhulo chawo monga "madzi amoyo owala". Baltic "wald" amatanthauza malo, volost, kukhala nawo. Chisilavo "volot" ikutembenuzidwa, monga wolamulira, wolimba mtima. Mbalame ya Moldova "balte" imatanthauza "mathithi", ndipo tikhoza kutanthauzira kumasulira kwina: "nyanja m'nyanja." Tsopano ndizosatheka kukhazikitsa momwe, ndi ndani ndipo anabwera ndi dzina ili. Wina akhoza kunena - ndi asayansi angati-olemba mbiri, malingaliro ochuluka kwambiri. Ena amaganiza kuti dzina la Valdai Lake limachokera ku wolemba zogwirira ntchito wotchuka dzina lake Valda, amene kale ankakhala panyanja ndipo anadzipatsa dzina lake kukhala thupi labwino kwambiri. Ena amatsutsa mabaibulo ena, koma chinthu chimodzi chimakhala chosatsutsika: madzi oyera, apadera ndi zinyama ndi zinyama zowonjezereka zowonongeka zimathetsa mikangano yosafunika - iyi ndi nyanja yowala, yopatsa moyo. Chosafunika kwambiri ndicho chiyambi cha dzina la Valday lake, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti chiripo kuyambira kalelo kufikira lero ndipo chimatipatsa mphamvu ndi mphamvu.

Zolemba zambiri

Malinga ndi akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale, anthu anayamba kukhala ku Valdai mu Stone Age. Zaka 4-5,000 zapitazo magawowa anali ovomerezeka ndi Balts (makolo a mafuko amasiku ano a Baltic) ndi mafuko a ku Finnish, omwe adasiya kukumbutsa okha mayina odabwitsa a nyanja ndi mitsinje. M'zaka 1000 zapitazo AD. E. Pa Valdai adawonekera Aslav, omwe adachokera kumadzulo kwa Ilmen ndi kumwera - kumtunda kwa Dnieper.

Amatchulidwa mu annals

Mwamwayi, palibe umboni umodzi wa mbiri umatsimikizira chiyambi cha dzina la Valdai Lake. Mbiri yoyamba imatchula za mudzi wa Valdai m'mabwalo awiri, omwe anawuka pamsewu wamalonda wochokera ku Moscow kupita ku Novgorod, kuyambira 1495. Ndipo patatha zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi Valdai adakhazikika pakati pa nyumba yachifumu yotchedwa Volost, yomwe inagwirizanitsa midzi yambiri ya Valdai Lake, yomwe ili ndi mayadi 94 ndipo idatchulidwa m'mabuku a Valdai ndi okalamba. Mu 1654, pokhudzana ndi kukweza ndi kudziwongola pa chilumba cha Rowan cha Mzinda wa Iversky, mudzi wa Valdai wapatsidwa dzina losiyana. Kuchokera tsopano pa izo zimakhala Bogoroditsky ndikupita ku malo a amonke. Koma nthawi siimaima. Ndipo mudziwo, womwe uli pamsewu wofunikira kwambiri wa Russia ku Moscow-St Petersburg, ikukula mofulumira, ukukhala mumzinda, kulowa m'dera la Novgorod ndikubwezeretsa dzina laulemerero la Valdai. Izi zimachitika mu 1770. Panthawiyi chiwerengero chochulukirapo cha anthu chimapanga ntchito zodziwika bwino: zomangamanga, foundry ndi kuphika. Monga bowa amakula nyumba zambiri.

Mzinda wa Amoni wa Iversky - chophimba chachikulu cha Russian Orthodoxy

Valdai Nyanja - yoyeretsa bwino, yosasunthika ndi ngodya yachitukuko - nthawi zonse kukopa anthu kufunafuna kukhala yekha ndi tanthauzo la moyo. Choncho, kholo lakale Nikon, akuyang'ana malo awa, mu 1653 adalamula kuti nyumba ya amonke idzakhazikitsidwe polemekeza chizindikiro cha Iberia cha amayi a Mulungu pa chilumba cha Ryabinov. Malinga ndi ndondomeko ya bwana wamkuluyo, nyumba ya amonkeyi inakhala malo aakulu kwambiri a mgwirizano wa dziko lonse la Orthodoxy pa dziko la Russia ndi kusonkhanitsa malo opatulika padziko lonse, kudziwonetsera kuti ndi chinthu chodabwitsa pazochitika zachipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe cha dzikoli. Bungwe la amonke la Iberia palokha ndilosazolowereka komanso lodabwitsa. Kukonzekera kwa zovutazo kunapangidwa ndi kukhudza kwachindunji kwa Nikon, ndipo kwasungidwa mpaka lero. Pogwiritsa ntchito yomangamanga, mkuluyu anatsegula sukulu yoyamba ya ku Russia ya masons, yomwe inachititsa kuti malo osungirako miyala amveke kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 1800.

Nyumba ya amonke ya ku Iberia ndi malo opatulika

Kunyumba ya amonkeyi inagwiritsa ntchito nyumba yoyamba yosindikizira ya ku Russia, mipangidwe yosawerengeka yapamwamba yopangidwa: kupanga matayala amitundu yambirimbiri, mabelu anaponyedwa. Ntchito zodziwika bwino zojambulajambula, zojambulajambula pamwala, matabwa ndi mafupa zimaganizira za akatswiri amakono. Mu 1654, malinga ndi diploma ya Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich, Valdai Lake, ndi zilumba zake, midzi ndi nsomba, anasamutsidwa ku nyumba ya amonke. Nyumba ya amonkeyi inayamba kutchedwa Svyatoozersky, ndi Lake Valday - Nyanja Yoyera. Mbiri ya nyumba ya amonke ili ndi mitundu yonse ya peripeteias, koma mbiri yabwino kwambiri ndi zomangamanga zasungidwa zaka mazana ambiri. Kuyambira mu 1991 nyumba ya ambuye ya Iversky inasamutsidwa ku tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox, idamangidwanso mu 2007-2008 ndipo idakonzedweratu ndi mkulu wa mabishopu Alexy II. Masiku ano, mabungwe oyendayenda amapanga maulendo oyendayenda ndi ufulu wopita ku misonkhano yaumulungu, kutsegulidwa kwa zolemba zopatulika, zojambula zozizwitsa za ku Iberi ndi zina zopatulika.

Lilongwe ku Valdai

Koma kubwerera ku nyanja. Malo ake omwe akuyenda kuchokera ku Moscow kupita ku St. Petersburg amalola kuti anthu okonda dziko lonse azipuma mlungu uliwonse pa sabata ndikubwezeretsa kumayambiriro kwa sabata. Palibe chifukwa chakuti dzina la Valdai Lake, monga momwe olemba mbiri ambiri amachitira, ndilo maziko a Finnish "Valda" - "yoyera, yowala, yamoyo." Palibe tanthauzo labwino la malo amenewa, osati ku nyanja, komanso ku nkhalango zoyandikana ndi dzuwa, zomwe zimasunga zinsinsi zadziko, mitengo ya mkungudza ndi mkungudza wamphamvu. Mitengo ya Valdai ndi yosavuta komanso imakhala yovuta kwambiri pamphepete mwa mabulosi ndi bowa, okondweretsa okonda nkhalango.

Udindo wa paki umalepheretsa kugwiritsira ntchito scooters ndi boti, ndipo kotero ena onse panyanja ndi otetezeka komanso osangalatsa. Malo okhalamo amadalira cholinga chokhala panyanja. Asodzi ogwira ntchito, omwe amabwera ku tchuthi ndi kufunafuna nsomba zambiri monga momwe zingathere, nthawi zambiri amasankha nyumba zapadera m'midzi yoyandikana nayo, omwe okhalamo amakhala ochereza ndi ozoloŵera nthawi zambiri kukachezera alendo oyenda mumzinda. Ndiwo, mungavomereze kubwereka bwato. Kusodza - nthawi yapadera, kukulolani kuchoka ku mavuto ndikutsitsimutsa moyo wanu.

Maholide apabanja omwe ali ndi ana amafunika kuthera, kukhala mu hotelo kapena hotelo, osakhala ndi zipinda zokhazikika, komanso mautumiki osiyanasiyana: maulendo, maulendo oyenerera. Valdai mahotela omwe ali ndi mabombe okonzekera bwino, opatsa mpumulo alendo ambiri. Ulendo wokongola wokaona malo ku nyumba ya amonke ya Iversky, Museum of the Andzd City ndi Museum of Bells. Pano pano mudzapatsidwa mwayi wosankha mahotela, omwe ali ochuluka kwambiri kuzungulira nyanja ya Valdai. Zithunzi zina zamakono zikufotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi. Ukhondo ndi nyumba zokongola za nyumba ndi mahotela, kuphatikizapo kuyeretsedwa kwa madzi ndi mpweya, kukongola kwa nkhalango zapadziko lapansi kudzachititsa kuti holide ikhale yosakumbukika. Ngakhale dzina lachinsinsi la nyanja Valdai lidzakhalabe chinsinsi.