Castle Insterburg: kufotokoza, mbiri chidwi mfundo

Insterburg Castle ili mu dera Kaliningrad. City Chernyakhiv, kupatula m'linga, kupereka alendo chidwi mipingo iwiri akale, wokalamba nsanja madzi ndi luso kudutsa bwino anasunga zomangamanga German.

mafotokozedwe

Castle Insterburg (Kaliningrad) - chimodzi mwa zinthu zakale kwambiri yomwe ili m'malire a m'deralo. Madeti zomangamanga kwa zaka za m'ma 14, linga matabwa anayamba kumanga mu 1336 zosoŵa za Teutonic Order, Mwini komwe panthawiyo anali Dietrich Von Altenburg. Matabwa Nyumbayi kenako m'malo mwa dongosolo mwala.

Castle Insterburg amatanthauza eg lotchinga kwa luso bwino kumbuyo amathyola chemba wodzazidwa ndi madzi. Permanent madzi inflow chinaperekedwa ndi malinga, amene anatsogolera chuma cha mitsinje tiwiri. Yomanga zinachitikadi mphamvu Prussian analanda pansi pa utsogoleri wa Order.

Mu chaka chimene anali kapangidwe matabwa m'malo ndi mwala, mbiri chete, amadziwika kuti Nyumbayi kawiri pansi owonongedwa. Nthawi yoyamba anali mu 1376, pamene Nyumbayi makoma anali atagwa pansi kuthamanga kwa Chilituyaniya Grand Duke Sverdeyka asilikali. Kachiwiri mpanda wolimba anawonongedwa ndi kutentha pafupifupi zaka handiredi kenako, mu 1457, pamene nkhondo ya pakati pa mizinda ya Prussia. Makoma zinamangidwa ndipo anagwa, ndipo maziko, anamanga miyala ikuluikulu zakutchire, anakhalabe sanamuvulaze, iye tsopano ukupezeka pafupifupi mawonekedwe wapachiyambi.

tsogolo

ndi Castle Insterburg mu kusankhidwa poyamba ndi chiyani? Choyamba, ndi kapangidwe kumbuyo anamanga kuteteza madera anagonjetsa ku anawazunza wa Lithuanians. Kuwonjezera zolinga asilikali, iyo inasonyeza malo mchitidwe wa asilikali a Teutonic Order, anawaitana ku malire chitetezo ndi kuphana ntchito kugwila magawo atsopano.

zomangamanga

Insterburg Castle - kuipidwa nyumba, wopangidwa mwa mbali ziwiri: ndi citadel ndi Forburga. The citadel linaikidwa a Order. Kumangidwa ndi mu mawonekedwe a chatsekedwa lalikulu ndi apansi awiri mu msinkhu. Anatinso wandiweyani mpanda, palibe zokongoletsa ndi mipata zenera. The gawo lamkati la citadel akuimira pabwalo ndi bwino. Maziko ndi chapansi phata anamanga awukali mwala mankhwala akhakula mobwerezabwereza makoma anamanga matope njerwa. Pa mlingo wa kapu ya citadel yopapatiza slits zinaperekedwa akugwira chitetezo. Kuchita anaziika alili ndi kukumanizana mdani akhoza kukwera khoma, kumene Inde zozungulira (vergang) chinaikidwa. Nkhondo bwalo supervisory chidafundidwa ndi phompho matabwa denga. The citadel anatsogolera yekha khomo ili kumadzulo phiko.

Elongated danga Forburga kamodzi makoma wandiweyani, kubwereza zimachititsa chilumbachi cha pamwamba pa phiri. Mu gawo ili la Nyumbayi zovuta ndi anasonkhanitsa ankhondo. Forburga kulowa m'chipinda akhoza anali kuchokera pansi choyamba, khomo lili ku mbali ya citadel lapansi. Inali pamwamba woyamba maselo pansi abale chikugwirizana ndimeyi mkati. Conference chipinda ndi tchalitchi ili mu nyumba ziwiri kumpoto awiri-storied.

Nyumbayi nsanja

Kulimbikitsa chitetezo Forburga anali okonzeka ndi nsanja, amachita kulondera ndipo nkhondowo ntchito. Komanso, iwo anali okonzeka ndi zipinda za ndende, ndipo mu chapansi mmodzi wa iwo anali m'ndende. Mwadzidzidzi, asilikali akhoza kutuluka mwa ndime ndi mobisa. Iye anatsogolera pa nsanja kumpoto, anathamanga pansi mtsinje, ndipo nakokera othawa kwawo ku mtsinje.

Chiwerengero cha asilikali anali pafupi mazana awiri anthu. Kumpoto chakum'mawa Forburga nsanja anali octagonal mawonekedwe, ndi tsopano maziko kuyambira izo. Nsanja kumpoto-kumadzulo otchedwa Paynturm, ilo ndi lozungulira, analandira zinawonongeka kwambiri pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya Dziko Lonse, ndipo mu zaka 70 anali anagwetsa, komanso pafupifupi Nyumbayi lonse Insterburg. History limati nsanja iyi anali kupha wotchi ndi belu lalikulu. Wina - kum'mwera chakum'mawa - nsanja inali yaikulu pa zomangamanga phangalo drawbridge ndi chipata chachikulu chomwe chinatsogolera mu zovuta ndi.

Nyumbayi anawonongedwa pang'onopang'ono: mu 1684 anthu anawona izo mu ulemerero wake onse ndipo m'zaka 19 lonse panali nsanja chimodzi chokha, malinga lidawonongeka.

Mafumu ndi installers

M'mbiri ake, Insterburg (Nyumbayi) anakhala wothawirako munthu magazi achifumu ndi anthu otchuka a ku Ulaya. Choncho, mu 1704 MUTI Czartoryski velmozhny kubisala ndi banja lake mwa makoma ake. M'zaka za m'ma 17 izo kawirikawiri ndi mamembala a mafumu achifumu, tingati kwa nthawi yaitali ankakhala chinyumba cha Mfumukazi Maria Eleonora la Sweden, limene linali kukula mofulumira zomangamanga m'tauni ndi chuma.

Mu zaka kutsatira fleur achifumu ikuwombedwa ku makonde ndi Insterburg Nyumbayi anakhala malo ntchito zambiri wamba. Kwa zaka ziwiri (18 ndi 19) ili mkati makhoti zovuta omwetsera asilikali, bwalo ndi dziko, pa nkhondo ndi Napoleon - chipatala ndi m'chipindacho. Ndi utumiki uliwonse watsopano zovuta unamangidwanso Insterburg m'linga, atachuluka outbuildings. Cha m'ma 19 zana kuchokera ukulu kale kukhala makoma bwinobwino, maziko ndi Paynturm nsanja bata maola. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma, monga ofufuza pa kuvomereza, malinga kudziikira kumbuyo anali ankaiphwasula ngati zosafunika.

Insterburg (loko) pambuyo pa nkhondo World ndinali kuyang'anira mabungwe awiri. The citadel History Museum linatsegulidwa Forburga anagwirizira Court Regional. Pa kumenyanako, mu 1945, zovuta anali kuonongeka ndi moto ndi namondwe. Nkhondo itatha, kaboma asilikali ataima m'madera otsala, ndipo mu 1949 moto unabuka citadel lapansi. Chifukwa, zipupa za kunja anapulumuka, mkati, denga ndi pansi anatentha kwathunthu. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha parsing Forburga, njerwa anali kunja kubwezeretsa zomangamanga ku Lithuania. Mu 50s ndi ena kapangidwe ndi m'dera anatitumiza kwa chiwerengero RSU 1. lotsatira Nyumbayi zovuta chinachitika mu 2010, Insterburg Castle tsopano kutumikiridwa ndi ROC.

Community "Castle House"

Mu 1997 gulu la okonda anabwera Insterburg m'linga. Mbiri ya m'linga Anapitiriza ndi chiyembekezo cha kubadwanso. Kuyambira mu 1999, gulu anapeza udindo wa munthu amene si phindu anthu "Castle House". ntchito zambiri yakhala ikuchitidwa, kotero kuti mu 2003, NGOs analandira mwayi ofunda kukhala wosuta yekha wa chipilala mbiri.

Mu 2006, chifukwa cha khama la mamembala a bungwe chateau zovuta anaphatikizidwa pulogalamu boma pofuna kuteteza cholowa mbiri "Culture la Russia". Ndalama allocated mu pulogalamu unathandiza kuti agwire ntchito zachilengedwe, kupanga chiwerengero cha kafukufuku wa sayansi, mbali ya kapangidwe ndi kafukufuku zolembedwa kubwezeretsa chipilala.

ntchito

Kutengapo mbali mu pulogalamuyi boma unatha mogwirizana ndi kulanda kwa mwini latsopano la Nyumbayi. Pa ntchito za bungwe "Castle House" kupulumutsa ndi kulimbikitsa mbiri ya m'linga Insterburg mwachita ndipo akupitiriza kugwira ntchito ngati motere:

• Pakatikati alendo ndi makonzedwe a misonkhano zambiri.
• M'dera yophunzitsa ana.
• Zokambirana ndi luso ntchito pakati Cultural Studies.
• Local mbiri owonetsera zakale chionetsero. Anapereka zipangizo za chitukuko cha mzinda, anamanga diorama a Nkhondo ya Gross-Jägersdorf.
• Mosalekeza zikugwira ntchito choyezera mbiri.
• Art zomera ndi misonkhano holo.

Community "Castle House" chimagwirizanitsa mndandanda wa ntchito padziko lonse zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa zolinga maphunziro komanso chikhalidwe. Koma koposa zonse, anthu am'deramo amakonda kusunga ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa Teutonic Castle, pang'ono pang'ono deta za Order ndi umboni wosatsutsika anakhala pa Nyumbayi. Pa nthawi imene Rute za kafukufuku wawo bungwe misonkhano sayansi, m'misonkhano yomwe kukopa achinyamata Insterburg m'linga.

modernity

Chibwenzi Insterburg Nyumbayi zovuta ili mu chikhalidwe anapulumutsidwa. Ntchito yobwezeretsa si wonyamulidwa, komanso kuti apulumuka, osati kuwonongedwa. Alendo akhoza kuzindikira kufunika kwa nyumba kusunga makoma a citadel, ena kufika kutalika awo oyambirira.

The chikhalidwe zogwira mtima wa kupulumuka munda nyumba kum'mwera a zovuta za. Kulowelera mwa zipinda za nyumba yachifumu akale sadzapambana, iwo angochoka. Koma pano mutha kuona msewu wopalidwa, maganizo kumanga nsanja pansi anathawa chapansi, kumva nkhani zambiri za Teutonic Order, kuti timudziwe bwino ntchito ya "Castle House" dera.