Ntchito ya NA Nekrasov ndi tsamba lodziwika bwino komanso losangalatsa la mabuku achi Russia. Kupitiriza ndi kulimbikitsa malingaliro ndi njira zomwe Pushkin ndi Lermontov adanena, Nekrasov adapitiliza patsogolo pakukwaniritsa zolinga za demokalase, malingaliro awo okonda dziko lapansi ndi zizoloŵezi zomwe zinanenedwa m'machitidwe a oyambirira ake. Muza Nikolai Alekseevich - "Muse wa mkwiyo ndi Chisoni," mlongo wa mzimayi wina, yemwe anamenyedwa ndi chikwapu pa Haymarket. Moyo wake wonse iye analemba za anthu ndi anthu, ndipo Russia "wovuta" - wopempha, wosauka ndi wokongola - amabwera kwa ife kuchokera pamasamba ake olemba ndakatulo ali amoyo.
Mbiri ya chilengedwe
Kufufuza kwa ndakatulo "The Poet and Citizen", monga ntchito ina iliyonse ya luso, iyenera kuyamba ndi kufufuza mbiri ya chilengedwe chake, chikhalidwe cha ndale chomwe chinachitika m'dzikomo panthawiyo, ndi deta ya bizinesi ya wolemba ngati mwa njira inayake yokhudzana ndi ntchito . Tsiku lolemba - 1855 - June 1856. Kwa nthawi yoyamba iyo inalembedwa mu chosonkhanitsa cha wolemba, chomwe chinafalitsidwa mofanana 56. Izi zisanachitike, Chernyshevsky adalengeza buku la Nekrasov, atafotokozera posachedwa nkhani ya Sovremennik kafukufuku wochepa wa ndakatulo "The Poet and the Citizens" ndi malemba ake, komanso zochepa zozizwitsa ndi zina osati Krasivian ntchito kuluma, kuphatikizapo chisokonezo chowawa "Mudzi Waiwala". Mabuku amachititsa kuti anthu ambiri asamangokhalira kusungulumwa komanso kusakhutira kwambiri ndi akuluakulu a boma komanso kutsutsa boma. Mu Olemba ndakatulo ndi nzika, boma la autocracy linaona (mwa njira, moyenera) kutsutsa kwakukulu kwa iwo enieni ndi otsutsa, mafoni a kusintha. Chiwerengero chonse cha "Contemporary", monga kufalitsa kwa bukhuli, chinachotsedwa kuchoka kwaulere ndikuletsedwa kukonzanso. Kuopsezedwa kwa kutsekedwa kumapachikidwa pa magazini yokha. Ndipo pa Nekrasov, yemwe analipo nthawi imeneyo kunja, anaopsezedwa kuti adzamangidwa pa kubwerera. Kodi n'chifukwa chiyani akuluakulu a boma komanso akuluakulu a boma ankachita mantha kwambiri? Kufufuza ka ndakatulo "The Poet and Citizen" kudzakuthandizani kumvetsa izi.
Miyambo ndi zolimbikira
Nekrasov atamva zabodza ponena za kuipa kwa boma mu chikhalidwe, malingaliro a anthu, mabuku, iye anayankha kuti olemba a ku Russia anawona "mphepo yamkuntho ndi yoopsa kwambiri." Ndipo chikhalidwe cha demokarasi, chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi udindo wa munthu wolenga kudziko, dziko, nthawi ndi maluso awo amachotsedwa ndi Nekrasov kuchokera kwa abale achikulire omwe ali m'khola - Pushkin (zokwanira kukumbukira wotchuka wake "Nkhani ya bukhu logulitsa ndi ndakatulo") ndi Lermontov ("Wolemba, wowerenga ndi wolemba "). Kufufuza kwa ndakatulo "Olemba ndakatulo ndi nzika" zimathekera kuwona momwe Alexei Nikolaevich amakhalira ndi kukulitsa miyambo yayikulu ya ndakatulo.
"Pure Art" ndi Democratic Line
50-60-ies. M'zaka za zana la 19 ndi nthawi ya mavuto aakulu ku Russia. Ngakhale zili choncho, apolisi amazunza ndi kuwatsutsa, akusowa kukhutira ndi ndale, kudzidzidzimutsa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu chikuwonjezeka. Serfdomi ikuphwanyidwa ponseponse, malingaliro a kumasulidwa kwa anthu, mkwiyo ndi kubwezera akuyandama mlengalenga. Panthawiyi pakati pa oimira nzeru zachilengedwe pali mkangano woopsa. "Wolemba ndakatulo ndi nzika" - ndakatulo ya Nekrasov - ikuwonekera momveka bwino. Oimira omwe amatchedwa "luso loyera" (m'malo mwawo wolemba ndakatulo akukangana pa ntchito) amakhulupirira kuti ndakatulo, mabuku, komanso nyimbo, kujambula kuyenera kunena za "kwamuyaya". Ujambula weniweniwo ndi wapamwamba kusiyana ndi mavuto azaumoyo ndi chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Chitsanzo cha udindo wotero Nekrasov akugwira mawu kuchokera ku ntchito ya Pushkin (Wolemba ndakatulo ndi nzika, vesi "Tinabadwira / Kukumveka kokoma ndi mapemphero ..."). Wotsutsa momveka bwino pa mfundo iyi ndi wotetezera wa moyo wokhudzana ndi zojambula ndizo Citizen mu ndakatulo. Zimasonyeza malingaliro ndi malingaliro a wolemba yekha, zizoloŵezi za demokarasi ndi zikhumbo.
Mutu ndi lingaliro la ndakatulo
Nekrasov sanalembepo ndakatulo yake kuti ikhale yeniyeni, yokondana, komanso yandale. Njira ziwirizi, zikuwoneka zosiyana kwambiri, zogwirizana mogwirizana mu ntchito yake mumtsinje umodzi. "Wolemba ndakatulo ndi nzika" (kafukufuku wa ndakatulo ikutsimikizirani mawu awa) ndi pulojekiti ya pulojekiti chifukwa chakuti imasonyeza mfundo zofunika kwambiri kwa wolemba, zimakhudza zowopsya. Nekrasov momveka bwino ndi kufotokozera momveka bwino kulengedwa kwake ndi chikhalidwe cha ndale: ziribe kanthu kuti ndiwe ndani ndi ntchito ndi zikhulupiliro. Ndikofunikira kuti iwe ndiwe mwana wa dziko lako, ndipo chifukwa chake nzika yomwe ikuyenera kulimbana nayo, kuti ukhale ndi moyo wabwino, ulemelero, zonse zachuma ndi zauzimu. Tsoka ilo, ochepa okha amavomereza naye. Chifukwa chake, nzika zokhala ndi zowawa zimafuula kuti: "Kulimbana ndi mtima wa ubwino / kumene dziko lalandire liri loyera." Mu "ola lachisoni ndi chisoni" aluso, okhulupilika, ophunzira sakhala ndi ufulu wokhala pambali, kuimba "zokongola za chirengedwe" ndi "zokoma zokoma." Ojambula, makamaka olemba, amapatsidwa mphatso yapadera - kutsogolera malingaliro ndi mitima ya anthu, kuwatsogolera kwa iwo okha - ku feat. Kuti akwaniritse udindo wanu, kudzipereka kuti mutumikire amayi ndi anthu - ichi ndicho cholinga cha umunthu wa Nekrasov. "Wolemba ndakatulo ndi nzika", kufufuza komwe tikuchita - chiwonetsero-ndakatulo, pempho lopembedzera, poyitana anthu onse kuti alankhule pambali pa anthu: "Sipadzakhalanso nzika yabwino / kudziko lakwawo kuli ozizira ndi moyo / Iye alibe chitonzo chowawa ..." .
Kuphatikiza kwa ntchito ndi zojambulajambula
Kotero, mutu wa ndakatulo ndi wolemba ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo, gawo lawo mu kayendetsedwe ka zachikhalidwe ndi ndale za dziko. Lingaliro lalikulu ndi lingaliro lalikulu likufotokozedwa mu mizere iyi: "Khalani nzika ... / Kuti phindu la mnzako likhale ...". Kuti tifotokoze momveka bwino, kuti tibweretse momveka bwino kwa owerenga, Nekrasov amasankha mawonekedwe oyambirira a nyimbo Ntchito - zokambirana zosamvetsetseka, mkangano wokambirana. Zowonjezereka za ankhondo zimalowa mkati mwa anthu okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi a Citizen, odzaza ma adress adress and exclamations, akuyankhula momveka bwino. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ndakatuloyi imayambitsa zokambirana zake. Zilinga zazikulu zowonjezereka, mawu a chikhalidwe ndi ndale, mawu opempha amachititsa chidwi chokhazikika pakati pa owerenga, omwe Nekrasov amapereka. "Wolemba ndakatulo ndi nzika" - ndakatulo yomwe amatha kutsimikizira kwa ambuye mawu omwe ntchito yawo si "yopatsa mabuku" komanso kukondwera kwakumva kwa okondedwa ake, osati kuyankhula kwachinyengo, koma kuthandiza anthu. Kufunika kwake sikunawononge ntchitoyi masiku ano.