Mutu wa kukumbukira m'mawu a Tvardovsky. Military lyrics Tvardovsky

Chimodzi mwa zofunikira komanso nthawi imodzi zosiyana m'mabuku a Soviet chinali A. T. Twardovsky, omwe ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chiyanjano chawo ndi chilankhulidwe cha anthu, mtundu wapadera ndi wapadera. Makhalidwe apabanja ndi Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko, kukumbukira kwa asilikari omwe anamwalira pankhondo ya Motherland, ndiwo, mwina, mbali zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya ndakatulo. Iye anakhala mboni ku dekulakization, kuvomereza ndi debunking za dongosolo lachizunzo la Stalin, yemwe ali nawo mu Nkhondo ya Finnish ndi Great Patriotic. Chidziwitso cha moyo wapatali ndikudalira zochitika zenizeni zimapangitsa ntchito za Alexander Trifonovich kukhala zosavomerezeka kwambiri ndi owerenga.

Nyimbo Zosangalatsa

Pogwira ntchito pa ntchito Tvardovsky adadalira miyambo yabwino kwambiri ya chikhalidwe, ankaganizira zochitika za chi Russia. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndakatulo zake ndi zophweka komanso zomveka kwa wowerenga aliyense. Inde, ndipo msilikali woimba, monga lamulo, ndi mbadwa ya anthu, omwe poyamba amachititsa ulemu ndi chikondi kuchokera kwa wolemba. Wolemba ndakatuloyo amakhulupirira kuti mutu waukulu mu ntchito yake unali mutu wa kukumbukira, umene umakhala nthawi zonse nthawi zonse. M'mawu a Tvardovsky, akuwonetseratu poziwonetsera pa banja lachibadwidwe, kuthamangitsidwa ndi kuthamangitsidwa, pamene wolemba ndakatulo adakali wamng'ono. Mwachitsanzo, mu ndakatulo yakuti "The Brothers" timamva zolemba za kuzunzika ndikulakalaka anthu apamtima omwe adakakamizika kukhala pawokha. Koma mutu wa chikumbukiro m'mawu a Tvardovsky onena za nkhondo akuwoneka bwino kwambiri.

Mbiri yam'mbuyo

Aliyense amadziwa kuti wolemba ndakatuloyu adalimbikitsa nawo ntchito ya ku Finnish chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 30. Ndipo pambuyo pa nkhondo yayikuru ya chidziko, iye anapita kutsogolo ngati wolemba, koma nthawizonse anali kutsogolo. Wolemba ndakatuloyo adadziwa bwino mavuto onse a moyo wa msilikali wakumunda ndikuuza owerenga ake za izo.

Maso a Tvardovsky amadziwika bwino. Izi ndizo ndakatulo zowonetsera, zomwe ziri zopempha kulimbana ndi mdani wodana nawo ("Msilikali wa Southern Southern", "Partisans wa Smolensk"). Ndi ndakatulo ting'onoting'onoting'ono, kukumbukira "malemba" onena za zochita zamanyazi ("Nkhani ya Tankman") kapena moyo wa msilikali ("Armem Shoemaker"). Pomaliza, ziwonetsero za ndakatulo, zodzala ndi zowawa za anthu ndi dziko lonse ("Mizere iwiri"). Koma chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikuwagwirizanitsa ndikumvetsetsa kwa wolemba za udindo waumwini kuti asunge kukumbukira kwa iwo omwe anapereka moyo wawo chifukwa cha kumasulidwa kwa Motherland. Lingaliro limeneli silinachoke Alexander Trifonovich ngati munthu, ndipo anakhala chodabwitsa chachikulu cha ndakatulo-Tvardovsky.

"Ndaphedwa pansi pa Rzhev": msilikali wamakono ndi lingaliro lalikulu

Nthano, yolembedwa miyezi yambiri nkhondo itatha, inayamba kutchedwa "Warrior's Testament." Izi sizowopsa, chifukwa nkhaniyo imaperekedwa m'malo mwa msilikali amene anamwalira pankhondo za Rzhev. Mnyamata wotsogolera nyimbo ndi chifaniziro cha msilikali-womasula yemwe, ponena za opulumuka onse, akuti: "Muyenera kukhala, abale, mukane ..." Kotero, ngakhale pambuyo pa imfa ya msirikali wa Russia, tsogolo la amishonale ndi dziko likuvutitsa. Ndipo palibe chitonzo mu mzere umodzi chifukwa chakuti iye anafa, pamene ena anakhalabe amoyo. Pambuyo pake, nsembe imeneyi si yopanda phindu.

Awa ndi mawu a usilikali a Tvardovsky. Mukakumana ndi tsoka lalikulu, konkire imakhala yovuta ndipo imakhala yofala. Ndipo makhalidwe osiyana, monga imfa ndi moyo wosafa wosatha, imfa ndi zosaŵerengeka, zikuphatikizana kotero kuti zikhale zosiyana pakati pa wina ndi mzake.

"Buku lonena za womenya nkhondo"

Ntchito yotchuka kwambiri ya AT Tvardovsky inali ndakatulo yakuti "Vasily Terkin", yomwe inalengedwa panthawi ya nkhondo. Zimasonyeza chithunzi cha msirikali wolimba mtima yemwe adayenda ndi wolemba kuyambira zaka 42 mpaka 45 ndipo adawonetsera makhalidwe abwino a anthu a ku Russia. Terkin nthawi zonse amakhala pakati pa zochitika, amakumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, koma samazima, satayika chiyembekezo ndi chikhulupiriro, amapeza njira yovuta kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyi mzimayi nthawi zambiri akumva kupweteka ndi kupsya mtima, mwina ngakhale kulira, Tvardovsky akugogomezera.

Zikondwerero zimakhalanso zokondweretsa komanso zowonongeka, kenako zimadzaza ndi zomvetsa chisoni komanso zopanda nzeru, monga mu mutu wakuti "Kuyenda": "Anthu ndi ofunda, amoyo / apita pansi ..." Ndipo mutu wa kukumbukira awo omwe anakhalapo kosatha kupyolera mu ndakatulo Ugone pankhondo. Choncho, ndi udindo wa munthu aliyense kuti asayiwale za mtengo wapatali umene anthu a Soviet analipira kuti akhale ndi tsogolo lamtendere.

Masalmo a AT Tvardovsky

Kusonkhanitsa pamodzi ndi kuvutitsa ("Dziko la Muravia"), Nkhondo Yaikuru Yachikhalidwe ndi Akuluakulu a Anthu ("Vasily Terkin"), "thaw" pansi pa Khrushchev ("Kwa mtunda - mtunda"), kuwonetsa chikhalidwe cha umunthu ndi chiwonongeko ("Ndibwino kukumbukira") - Zigawo zazikulu za chitukuko cha dzikoli m'ma 1920 ndi 1960 zinakhala mbali ya chiwonongeko cha Tvardovsky ndipo adawonetsedwa mu ndakatulo zake. Wolemba amakumbutsa zapitazo pamasamba a ntchito kuti akhalenso akukumbutsa anthu nthawi zonse: Aliyense wa ife ali ndi udindo pa zomwe zimachitika kwa anthu ndi dziko. Chiganizo chimenechi chinagwidwa bwino kwambiri mu ndakatulo yake yotsiriza.

"Ndi bwino kukumbukira"

Ntchitoyi inaletsedwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Maonekedwe ake, opangidwa ndi magawo atatu, amauza wowerenga ndakatulo moyo wake, maloto ake aunyamata ndi chiyembekezo. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri - Alexander Trifonovich akufotokoza momveka bwino za masautso omwe adafika mumudzi wa 30s. Panthawi imeneyo bambo ake, wogwira ntchito mwakhama, adanyozedwa ndi kutengedwa ukapolo. Kotero mutu wa chikumbukiro m'mawu a Tvardovsky ndi mbali imodzi yachisanu ndi chitatu kulapa kwake osati banja lake lokha, komanso pamaso pa dziko lonse la Russia. Monga chigamulo, mawuwa amveka mu ndakatulo yopitidwa kwa "mtsogoleri wa anthu" ndi otchedwa "anthu osalankhula": "... amaiwala kuti azinena mwachete ... Koma izi zinali zopweteka kwambiri / Kwa iwo omwe moyo wawo unadulidwa." Mlembi amakumbukira anthu omwe adadziŵa yekha, zomwe zimapangitsa ntchitoyi kukhala yovomerezeka.

Nthanoyi imaperekedwa makamaka kwa achinyamata ndipo imamveka ngati chikumbutso chosatha kuti mbiri siingathe kugawidwa mu zigawo. Zonse zimagwirizanamo, ndipo zakale zingathe kubwerezedwa pakalipano kapena m'tsogolo. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndakatulo ya ndakatulo yayamba kale kukhala mutu waukulu wa chikumbukiro.

Choncho, m'mawu a Tvardovsky, nkhani yofunikira nthawi zonse ndi yeniyeni nthawi zonse: ndikofunika kudziwa ndi kukonda banja lanu ndi amayi anu ndipo muyenera kukumbukira zomwe zinachitikira. Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yopitira patsogolo, kupeŵa kubwereza kwa zolakwa zazikulu zakale.