Kubadwa Kwatsopano chikhalidwe: nyimbo ndi luso

Chikhalidwe cha Kubadwa Kwatsopano anali ankaikira Central ndi Western Europe pa nthawi pakati pa 14 ndi m'ma 16. Nthawi imeneyi chithunzi dziko zasintha ndithu kopambana: izo yapeza malo a anthu. Yachokera chikhalidwe cha Kubadwa Kwatsopano anali ndi amakedzana. Ndi chifukwa chakuti anali lililonse a nyengo ya kutsitsimutsa mwambo wa dziko wakale, izo ankatchedwa Kubadwa Kwatsopano kapena Kubadwa Kwatsopano.

M'nthawi ya 13, luso sanali wachilendo yosonyeza kuti munthu wamba (thupi la munthu yekha ntchito polemba mafano), amaimira kokha ubale wa munthu kwa Mulungu, ndipo m'njira umboni. Zomangamanga Nthawi yodziwika ndi zinthu Gothic ndi incorporeity.

Koma kumayambiriro 14 luso m'ma ayamba kusintha ukasintha: N. Pisano kusintha kalembedwe zomangamanga, ndi wojambula Giotto di Bondone anayamba kulemba kalembedwe zojambula zatsopano: atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena, zambiri chakuya, mokondwera, zoona ndi mipherezero bwino zinthu.

Pakutha 15 m'ma chikhalidwe cha Kubadwa Kwatsopano anafika pachimake: ojambula zithunzi ambiri akugwira ntchito mu kalembedwe latsopano, pogwiritsa ntchito liwu pofuna kusonyeza kuti ndi "yabwino munthu". zomangamanga ndi kwathunthu ikutha ntchito kalembedwe Gothic - m'malo mwake akubwera tingachipeze powerenga, ozikidwa pa Kugwirizana ndi bwino.

Ngati ife kulankhula mwachindunji za kupenta, tiyenera ananena kuti chikhalidwe luso la Kubadwa Kwatsopano lagawidwa nthawi zingapo: oyambirira High, ndipo kenako kumpoto Kubadwa Kwatsopano.

Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga za luso chikhalidwe Early Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi Sandro Batticheli chitsanzo. nsalu zokha ayi monga "Kubadwa kwa Venus," "maliro" ndipo "Spring", sikuti dzina la ziboliboli wosafa, koma n'kukhala poyesa woyamba bwino kusonyeza kukongola kwa thupi.

Pakuti High Kubadwa Kwatsopano achilendo chifanizo cha wosatsutsana ndi ufulu payekha, mtundu abwino. Chimodzi mwa ojambula kwambiri nthawi anali Leonardo da Vinci - ndi dzina zambiri anthu ake kusonkhana chikhalidwe cha Kubadwa Kwatsopano.

Wanzeru wojambula, woimba, wamanga, anatomist, ziboliboli, zomangamanga, ndakatulo, wamasomphenya - tingathe kunena za izo. Ambiri mwa sewero lake, koma osati anatulukira ntchito m'dziko masiku ano, ndi wosamvetsetseka Mona Lisa amanditenga malingaliro a anthu ambiri masiku ano.

Pakuti khalidwe la mochedwa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, Mannerism kukhudza osati Venice. Nthawiyi angatchedwe nthawi ya chikhalidwe pansi.

Luso kumpoto Kubadwa Kwatsopano chokhudzana ndi mochedwa Gothic. The ojambula kwambiri nthawi imeneyi anali awa: Hans Baldung, Ieronim Boskh, Hans Holbein, Pieter Bruegel ndi Jan van Eyck.

Chikhalidwe nyimbo ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi pa nthawi yomweyo ndi kuchita chikugwirizana ndi luso Zapakati, ndipo ndi osiyana ndi izo. Mu Italy, mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano, malo kutsogolera akadali limabweretsa nyimbo mpingo, koma atayamba kale kukhala polyphonic kuimba, amene analola kusokoneza a nyimbo, kuti iwo kwambiri m'maganizo ndi zachilendo.

The Netherlands anatha kwambiri kukhala miyambo yawo nyimbo, kupanga polyphonic sukulu. Zinali otchuka amene anaphunzitsa oimba osati Dutch, komanso English, French ndi Chitaliyana miyambo.

Mu France, ife tcheru nyimbo, osati kokha mu mawonekedwe a nyimbo mpingo, komanso mu mawonekedwe a polyphonic nyimbo yakale wotchedwa chanson.

Mu Rome, monga mu Netherlands, idamangidwa polyphonic sukulu. The peculiarity a mwambo Roma nyimbo wakhala zovuta nyimbo ndi khirisipi, lemba bwino.

Mu Venice, ndi nyimbo anali modabwitsa zobiriwira ndi zapamwamba, koma England zinatchuka lingamutsatire yaing'ono ziweto m'nyimbo.