Kodi Vlasov ndi ndani pa nthawi ya nkhondo?

Mbiri ya Army Liberation Army (ROA) imatsutsana kwambiri. Patapita nthawi, akatswiri a mbiri yakale sangathe kugwirizana, pamene gulu lankhondo linayamba kupangidwa, kodi Vlasov ndi ndani ndipo iwo anachita nawo chiyani pa nthawi ya nkhondo? Kuwonjezera pa kuti mapangidwe a asilikali akuonedwa, kumbali imodzi, kukonda dziko, ndi ena, achinyengo, palinsobe chidziwitso chenicheni pamene Vlasov ndi asilikali ake omwe adalowa nawo nkhondo. Koma za chirichonse mu dongosolo.

Iye ndi ndani?

Vlasov Andrey Andreevich anali wotchuka wa ndale komanso wankhondo. Anayambitsa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikristu ku mbali ya USSR. Anagwira nawo nkhondo ku Moscow. Koma mu 1942 anagwidwa ndi Ajeremani. Mosakayikira, Vlasov anaganiza zopita kumbali ya Hitler ndipo anayamba kugwirizana ndi USSR.

Vlasov akadali wovuta mpaka lero. Mpaka pano, olemba mbiri amagawidwa m'misasa iwiri: ena amayesa kutsimikizira zochita za mtsogoleri wawo, ena - kuwatsutsa. Otsatira a Vlasov akufuula mofuula za kukonda kwake dziko. Anthu omwe adalowa mu ROA, adali akadali owona dziko lawo, koma osati boma lawo.

Otsutsa kwa nthawi yaitali adadzipangira okha omwe awo a Vlasovites ali. Iwo ali otsimikiza kuti kamodzi bwana wawo ndi iwo omwe atalowa nawo chipani cha Nazi, iwo anali, ali ndipo adzakhala otsutsa ndi othandizira. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kukonda dziko, malinga ndi otsutsa, ndi chivundikiro. Ndipotu, Vlasovites adadutsa kumbali ya Hitler pokhapokha pofuna kupulumutsa miyoyo yawo. Kuwonjezera apo, iwo sanali anthu olemekezeka kumeneko. Anazi ankagwiritsira ntchito pofalitsa zolengeza.

Mapangidwe

Anali Andrei Andreevich Vlasov amene anayamba kukambirana za kupanga ROA. Mu 1942, adakhazikitsa "Declaration Smolensk" ndi Bayersky, yomwe inali "kuthandiza" kwa lamulo la Germany. Chipepalacho chinanena za pempho la kupeza gulu lankhondo lomwe likanamenyana ndi communism ku Russia. Ufumu wachitatu unachita mwanzeru. Ajeremani adasankha kufotokozera nkhaniyi kwa ailesi kuti azitha kukhazikitsa chidziwitso komanso kukambirana.

Zoonadi, izi zinali zoyenera kutsatiridwa ndi kufalitsa. Komabe, asilikali omwe anali m'gulu la asilikali a Germany anayamba kudziyesa kuti ndi asilikali a ROA. Ndipotu, zinali zovomerezeka, zodziwika kuti asilikali analipo pamapepala okhaokha.

Osati Vlasov

Ngakhale kuti kuyambira 1943 odzipereka anayamba kukhazikitsa asilikali a Russian Liberation Liberation, anali akadakali kwambiri kuti adziwe yemwe Vlasov anali. Olamulira a Germany adadyetsa "chakudya cham'mawa" cha Vlasov, ndipo pakali pano anasonkhanitsa onse olowa mu ROA.

Panthawi ya 1941, polojekitiyi inaphatikizapo odzipereka oposa 200,000, koma Hitler sanadziwe zambiri za thandizoli. Patapita nthawi, "Xavi" wotchuka (Hilfswillige - "wofunitsitsa kuthandiza") anayamba kuonekera. Poyamba a Germany anawatcha kuti "Ivane athu." Anthu awa ankagwira ntchito monga alonda, ophika, grooms, oyendetsa galimoto, antchito, etc.

Ngati mu 1942, ankhondo a Germany analipo oposa 200,000 Xavi, ndiye kumapeto kwa chaka kunali pafupifupi "milioni" ndi akaidi. M'kupita kwanthaŵi, asilikali achi Russia anayamba kumenyana m'magulu akuluakulu a asilikali a SS.

RONA (RNNA)

Mofanana ndi a Xavi anapanga gulu lotchedwa asilikali - Russian People's Liberation (RONA). Panthawi imeneyo mungamve za Vlasov, chifukwa cha nkhondo ya ku Moscow. Ngakhale kuti RONA inali ndi asilikali 500 okha, inali chitetezero cha mzindawo. Iyo inatha kukhalapo pambuyo pa imfa ya woyambitsa wake Ivan Voskoboinikov.

Mofanana ndi zimenezi, bungwe la Russian National People's Army (RNNA) linapangidwa ku Byelorussia. Anali buku lenileni la RONA. Woyambitsa wake anali Gil-Rodionov. Nthambiyi inagwira ntchito mpaka 1943, ndipo Gili-Rodionov atabwerera ku Soviet Union, Ajeremani anachotsa RNNA.

Kuwonjezera pa "nevlasovtsev", panalibe magulu ankhondo, omwe anali otchuka pakati pa a German ndipo anali olemekezeka kwambiri. Ndiponso a Cossacks omwe adamenyera kuti apange dziko lawo. Anali achifundo kwambiri ku chipani cha Nazi ndipo sankawaona ngati Asilavo, koma monga Goths.

Chiyambi

Tsopano mwachindunji za omwe Vlasovites ali pa nkhondo. Monga tikukumbukira kale, Vlasov adagwidwa ndipo kuchokera pamenepo adayamba kugwirizana ndi Ufumu wachitatu. Anapempha kuti asilikali apangidwe kuti dziko la Russia likhale lodziimira pawokha. Mwachibadwa, izi sizinali zoyenera ndi anthu a ku Germany. Choncho, sanalole kuti Vlasov adziwe bwino ntchito zake.

Koma chipani cha Nazi chinasankha kusewera m'dzina la mkulu wa asilikali. Iwo anaitana asilikali a Red Army kuti apereke USSR, kuti alembe ndi ROA, zomwe iwo sanafune kukonza. Zonsezi zinkachitidwa m'malo mwa Vlasov. Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1943, chipani cha Nazi chinayamba kupereka asilikali ambiri kuti azidziwonetsera okha.

Mwina, ndi mbendera ya Vlasovites inkawonekera. Ajeremani analola kuti anthu a ku Russia azigwiritsa ntchito ziboliboli pamanja awo. Iwo anali ndi mawonekedwe a mbendera ya St. Andrew. Ngakhale kuti asilikari ambiri adayesa kugwiritsa ntchito mbendera yofiirira, koma a German sanalole izi. Odzipereka ena, mitundu ina, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ziboliboli monga majeje a dziko.

Pamene asilikari anali atavala mbendera ya St. Andrew ndi kulembedwa kuti ROA, Vlasov akadali kutali ndi lamulo. Choncho, nthawi ino sitingatchedwe "Vlasov".

Maonekedwe

Mu 1944, pamene Ufumu wachitatu unayamba kunena kuti nkhondoyi siinagwire ntchito, ndipo zowawa zawo zinali zodabwitsa kutsogolo, zinasankhidwa kubwerera ku Vlasov. Mu 1944, Reimsführer SS Himmler anakambirana ndi msilikali wa asilikali wa Soviet funso loti asilikali apangidwe. Ndiye aliyense anamvetsa yemwe Vlasov anali.

Ngakhale kuti Himmler adalonjeza kupanga magulu khumi a Russian, Reichsfuhrer adasintha maganizo ake ndipo adavomera atatu okha.

Bungwe

Komiti Yowombola Anthu a Russia inakhazikitsidwa mu 1944 ku Prague. Ndiyomwe kuti bungwe la ROA liyambe. Ankhondo anali ndi lamulo lawo komanso nthambi zonse za asilikali. Vlasov anali tcheyamani wa Komiti komanso mkulu wa asilikali, omwe papepala ndipo kwenikweni anali asilikali odziimira okhaokha a ku Russia.

Ndi Ajajeremani, a ROA anali ogwirizana ndi chiyanjano. Ngakhale kuti Ufumu wachitatu unkagwira nawo ndalama. Ndalama zomwe a Germany anazipereka zinali ngongole ndipo ankayenera kulipidwa momwe zingathere.

Maganizo a Vlasov

Vlasov adziyika yekha ntchito yosiyana. Ankaganiza kuti gulu lake lidzakhala lamphamvu kwambiri. Anawoneratu kugonjetsedwa kwa chipani cha chipani cha chipani cha chipani cha chipani cha Nazi ndipo adadziwa kuti pambuyo pake adzayenera kuimira "gulu lachitatu" pankhondo yomwe ili kumadzulo ndi USSR. Vlasovtsy anayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zake zandale mothandizidwa ndi Britain ndi United States. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1945, ROA inkayimiridwa ngati asilikali a allied power. Pasanathe mwezi umodzi asilikaliwo adatha kudzipangira manja awo, ndipo pamutu - ROA inawonongedwa.

Kubatizidwa Kwachangu

Ngakhale apo iwo anayamba kumvetsa kuti awo a Vlasovites anali ndani. Pazaka za nkhondo iwo amayenera kugwira ntchito pang'ono. Kawirikawiri, gululi linkachita nawo nkhondo ziwiri zokha. Ndipo yoyamba inali yotsutsana ndi asilikali a Soviet, ndipo yachiwiri - motsutsa Ufumu wachitatu.

February 9, ROA poyamba inalowa mndandanda wa nkhondo. Zochitikazo zinachitika m'dera la Oder. ROA inadziwonetsera bwino, ndipo lamulo la Germany linayamikira kwambiri zochita zake. Anatha kutenga Neulevin, kumwera kwa Karlsbeez ndi Kerstenbruch. Pa March 20, ROA inali kutenga komanso kukonzekera mutu wa mlatho, komanso kukhala ndi udindo woyendetsa ngalawa ku Oder. Zochita za ankhondozo zinali zopambana kwambiri.

Kumapeto kwa March 1945, ROA inasankha kusonkhanitsa "mulu" ndikugwirizanitsa ndi Cossack Cavalry Corps. Izi zinachitidwa kuti asonyeze dziko mphamvu ndi kuthekera kwake. Ndiye Kumadzulo kunali kosamala za Vlasovites. Iwo sankakonda kwenikweni njira zawo ndi zolinga zawo.

Komanso, ROA inali ndi njira zobwerera. Lamuloli linkafuna kuti liyanjanenso ndi mabungwe a Yugoslavia kapena kulowa usilikali ku Ukraine. Utsogoleriwo utazindikira kupambana kosayembekezereka kwa Ajeremani, adakonzedwa kuti apite kumadzulo okha kuti aperekedwe kwa Allies. Kenaka adadziwika kuti Himmler analemba za kuchotsedwa kwa utsogoleri wa Komiti. Ichi ndi chomwe chinali chifukwa choyamba cha ROA kuthawa mapiko a dziko lachitatu.

Chochitika chomalizira chomwe chimachitika m'mbiri ndi Kuukira kwa Prague. Mbali za ROA zinafikira ku Prague ndipo zinayambitsa chiwawa motsutsana ndi Germany pamodzi ndi azimayi. Kotero, iwo anatha kumasula likulu la dzikoli ngakhale asanati abwere Red Army.

Maphunziro

Kwa mbiri yakale panali sukulu imodzi yokha yomwe asilikali ophunzitsidwa ku ROA, - Dabendorf. Kwa nthawi zonse, anthu zikwi zisanu anatulutsidwa - izi ndi nkhani 12. Maphunzirowa anali odzudzula mwamphamvu dongosolo lomwe lilipo mu USSR. Cholinga chachikulu chinali ndondomeko yolondola. Zinali zofunikira kuti aphunzitsenso asilikali omwe anagwidwa ndikukula otsutsa otsutsa a Stalin.

Chifukwa chake Vlasovites weniweni anapangidwa. Chithunzi cha beji ya sukulu chikusonyeza kuti chinali bungwe lomwe lili ndi zolinga zomveka bwino. Sukuluyo siidathe nthawi yaitali. Kumapeto kwa February adayenera kuthamangitsidwa ku Gishubel. Kale mu April, ilo linatha kukhalapo.

Mikangano

Mtsutso waukulu umatsalira zomwe mbendera ya Vlasovites inali. Ambiri akudzinenera kuti mbendera ya dziko lino ya Russia ndilo "mboni" ndi otsatira a Vlasov. Ndipotu, zili choncho. Ena amaganiza kuti mbendera ya Vlasov inali mbendera yapamtunda ndi mtanda wa Andreev, ndipo ogwira ntchito ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zamakono a Russian Federation. Chotsatirachi chinatsimikiziridwa ngakhale ndi kanema ndi kujambula.

Komanso mafunso ku makhalidwe ena adayamba. Zikuoneka kuti mphoto ya Vlasov njira imodzi imatchulidwira wotchuka pa nthawi yino mkangano pa riboni ya St. George. Ndipo apa ndiyenera kufotokoza. Chowonadi n'chakuti nthiti ya Vlasov, kwenikweni, inalibe.

Lero ndi nthiti ya St. George yomwe imayesedwa kuti yagonjetsedwa mu Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikhalidwe. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito pamphoto kwa mamembala a Komiti Yowombola Anthu a Russia ndi ROA. Ndipo poyamba adalumikizidwa ku Order ya St. George ku Russia.

Mu dongosolo la Soviet mphoto, panali gulu la alonda. Icho chinali chizindikiro chapadera cha kusiyanitsa. Iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito iyo pokongoletsa Order of Glory ndi medal "Kupambana pa Germany".