Kodi stomata ndi chiyani: maonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka ntchito

Tsamba ndilo gawo la zomera, lomwe limagwira ntchito yofunikira kwambiri ya mpweya ndi kusinthanitsa gasi. Kukhazikitsa kwawo kukhazikitsidwa kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika za mapangidwe a tsamba, limodzi mwalo ndi stomata. Ndi chithandizo chawo, chomeracho chimapuma ndi kusamba madzi. Kodi stomata ndi chiyani, zomwe zimapangidwa bwanji ndi bungwe lawo, tidzanena mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani yathu.

Kupuma ndi kujambula kwa zomera

Zamoyo zonse, kuphatikizapo zomera, zimatha kupuma. Izi zonse zodziwika ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti akhalepo. Mpweya wake umakhala mukutentha kwa mpweya, kutayidwa kwa zinthu zakuthupi ndi kutulutsa mpweya woipa. Koma mapulaneti ofunika kwambiri a zomera ali mu kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira yatsopano - photosynthesis. M'kati mwake, mpweya wa carbon dioxide umatengeka, ndipo mpweya, womwe ndi wofunika kwa zinthu zonse zamoyo, umamasulidwa. Zomera zimatha kupanga njira ziwiri izi panthawi imodzi, makamaka chifukwa cha ntchito ya stomata pamwamba pa tsamba.

Makhalidwe a stomata

Kodi stomata ndi chiyani? Izi ndi mtundu wa pores, womwe uli m'matenda a zomera, omwe amatchedwa peel. Stomata ndi maselo ophatikizana omwe amawoneka ngati amphongo. Makoma awo ali osakanikirana mosiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pakati pa maselo a stomata pali kugwidwa kwa zibwenzi. Kupyolera mu izo, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi zimamasulidwa m'maselo a zomera ndi kunja. Maselo a Binary a stomata akhoza kusintha mawonekedwe awo, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwa kusiyana pakati pawo kungawonjezere kapena kuchepa. Chotsatira chake, kukula kwa gasi kusinthanitsa mu zomera kumayendetsedwa.

Mbali za stomata ntchito

Ngati timvetsetsa stomata, ndiye izi ndi momwe amachitira ndi zomwe zimadalira, tikufunabe kudziwa. Maselo otseka amatha kusintha mawonekedwe awo malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi. Ngati pali zinthu zambiri m'mundawu, zimakula, zimawonjezeka kukula ndikusuntha. Amayi omwe amamwalira amamwalira, mwachibadwa amawonjezeka. Njira yogulitsira mpweya imakula kwambiri. Madzi ochulukirasi amasiya phokoso, amasanduka, ndipo zomera sizimatentha nthawi yotentha.

Kupuma ndi kotentha kwambiri ngati kutentha kwa mlengalenga kumatuluka ndipo mphamvu ya mphepo imakula. Nthawi zina, pamene chinyezi sichikwanira, mawonekedwe a maselo otseka ndi osiyana. Amagwirizana mwamphamvu, pomwe mphuno yam'mimba imatha, yomwe imalepheretsa madzi kutuluka. Chotsatira chake, chomeracho sichikutaya chinyezi pansi pa zochitika zake.

Malo a stomata

Monga tazitchulira kale, stomata ndizo zamoyo zomwe zimakhala zamoyo. Amatchedwa peel. Mitengo ya zomera imapezeka, nthawi zambiri, pansi pa tsamba. Ichi ndi chitetezo cha dzuwa. Ndiponso, malo osungiramo madzi m'maselo a zomera amapulumutsidwa bwino. Koma si masamba onse omwe akukonzekera kutsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, iwo amakula vertically ku irises. Choncho stomata amafalitsidwa kumbali zonse za masamba.

Izi ndi zosiyana ndi zomera zam'madzi. Gawo la pansi la masamba awo silingakhale ndi stomata. Ndipotu, amadzizidwa mumadzi, choncho sangathe kuchita ntchito zawo. Tsinde la zomera zoterozo zili pamwamba pa tsamba la tsamba. Chiwerengero chazo ndi zazikulu kwambiri, kuyambira pa mamita masentimita masentimita a pepala - mpaka masauzande ambirimbiri oterowo.

Zomera popanda kuzimitsa

Ndipo zomera zina sizikhala ndi stomata. Mwachitsanzo, masamba a Elodee amadzizidwa mumadzi kwathunthu, kotero sangathe kuwasunga. Ndipo ngakhale ngati stomata analipo, ntchito yawo ikanakhala yosatheka. Mfundo yonse ndi yakuti madzi amalowa ming'alu, kuteteza kusinthana kwa mpweya.

Kufunika kwa stomata

Stomata ili mu minofu yosakanikirana, choncho ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi kagayidwe kake ka chilengedwe ndi chilengedwe. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi madzi, njira yotuluka m'madzi yomwe imatchedwa kupuma. Kukhazikitsidwa kwake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zomera zisapitirire mvula m'nyengo yotentha, chifukwa izi zingapangitse imfa yawo. Pamene mpweya umakhala wosayenera, stomata amasiya kutuluka, motero amasunga chinyezi chofunikira.

Koma gymnosperms ali ndi chipangizo chapadera cha stomata. Amakhala otseka m'nyengo yozizira ndi utomoni wapadera. Choncho, onse oimira dipatimenti iyi ya zomera ndi ofiira. Sitiyenera kutaya masamba kuti adziteteze ku kutaya kwa chinyezi chochuluka m'nyengo yozizira. Mosiyana ndi iwo, ma Angiosperms onse amakhalabe othandiza komanso kuthawa panthawiyi. Koma masamba awo amagwa, kuti asawononge madzi m'nyengo yozizira. Choncho, herringbone "m'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe mu mtundu umodzi."

Chomwe chimapangidwira, momwe amachitira ndi kukwaniritsa ntchito zawo, tawunika mwatsatanetsatane. Komabe, ziyeneranso kunenedwa kuti, kupatulapo kutsegula, zimakhala ngati chipangizo chapadera cha mpweya, kotero kuti kupuma ndi carbon dioxide zimapangitsa kuti photosynthesis ikhoze. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, stomata ikhoza kuthetsa kukula kwa njira zonsezi, zomwe zimadalira zochitika zakunja, ndipo zimadziwonetsera kuti zimatha kusintha zamoyo zonse kuti zisinthe nyengo.

Kotero, mu tsamba lokhazikika la tsambali pali mawonekedwe apadera, omwe amatchedwa stomata. Zimaphatikizapo maselo otsekemera amphindi komanso kusiyana pakati pawo. Chifukwa cha ntchitoyi, njira yofunikira kwambiri ya madzi kutuluka, photosynthesis ndi kupuma zimachitika m'thupi la zomera.