Kodi nyanja ndipo kodi zizindikiro zake? Zizindikiro nyanja ya Baikal (kalasi 2)

Madamu pa dziko inayamba osiyana. Chilengedwe awo kumatanthauza madzi, mitsinje, mphepo ndi matanthwe a pansi padziko. Zizindikiro la nyanja, amene anaonekera m'njira imeneyi kungakhale osiyana.

ndi nyanja Kodi

Kodi nyanja, kodi zizindikiro zake? Yankho la funso umenewu uli mabuku madera. Lake - maganizo kutumphuka padziko lapansi ndi madzi, limene kukonzedwanso wosakwiya. Mchikakamizo cha zinthu zachilengedwe anapanga maenje. Kenako kudzazidwa ndi pamwamba kapena pansi. Motero, thupi latsopano la madzi.

Asayansi, geographers apanga osiyana classifications nyanja pa pamaso pa nyama ndi zomera, amenewa ndi njira ya mapangidwe. Pa sukulu, kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane zizindikiro za nyanja (kalasi 2).

nyanja lopanda amakonda kukhala mkulu mlingo wa mineralization. Kuchuluka zoyambirira za malo madzi popangidwa ndi njira tectonic ndi chiphala. Part wa zamkati pansi nyanja popangidwa ndi oundana pa mthunzi awo. Koposa Madamu analengedwa ndi munthu zosiyanasiyana zofunika. Osachepera nyanja zonse zachitika chifukwa cha alekane ku nyanja.

damu nyanja

Zizindikiro damu nyanja mtundu: pamaso pa chigwa cha overlapped kusonkhana ayezi, kugumuka, zigumukire za miyala ndi mitundu ina ya malo awa .:

• Mtsinje. Kumachitika nthawi yotentha madzi otsika m'mitsinje osiyana, omwe mlingo zina limagwa pansi pa bedi pamwamba. The mtsinje kwasanduka unyolo nyanja anapambulwa louma m'madera.
• Floodplain. dzina lawo ena - akazi akale. Ngati mtsinje njira zake wamfupi, pa malo akale mtsinje anapanga nyanja.
• Valley. Iwo amaoneka mu m'zigwa phiri, kumene kuli mitsinje. Chifukwa, unyinji wa kugwa miyala njanji overlaps damu achilengedwe. Likukhalira nyanja latsopano.
• M'mphepete mwa nyanja Lagoon ndi mitsinje. Woyamba ndi kuya ka Magombe, amene munalekanitsidwa ndi nyanja ya mchenga kapena mtsinje m'dambo. The chachiwiri - pakamwa pa mtsinje, ataphimbidwa ndi nyanja.

moraine nyanja

Kunyamula nyanja moraine kuti inakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha kayendedwe glacier. Zambiri za iwo anaonekera mu nthawi Quaternary. Pa mthunzi wa glacier masamba ndi njira ongokhala wambirimbiri zinyalala (mchenga, miyala, dongo, thanthwe, etc.). Morena si wogawana ndi kutitengera mapiri ndi matendawa,. Mutayankha madzi lomaliza kukhala nyanja.

Kodi zizindikiro za mtundu wa nyanja kwambiri noticeable? Childs, akuya posungira ndi zosakwana 10 m, ndi mabanki ndi indented mizere. Ambiri a iwo ali ndi malo ochepa, koma palinso nyanja yaikulu (Seliger, ilmenite, Peipsi dera).

tarn

Magwero a nyanja awa kunatanthauzanso kuti glacier. Mmene ayezi, firn ndi weathering zinachititsa kuti maonekedwe a mphako, amene ndiye wodzazidwa ndi madzi. Kukumana malo awa akhoza kukhala mkulu mu mapiri. Zizindikiro la nyanja (cirque): ozungulira kapena mawonekedwe chowulungika, zotsalira yaing'ono, yosalala malire, bluffs, kuphwa pansi.

Malo a maphunziro awo - matendawa, malo otsetsereka. Iwo kudziunjikira chisanu ndi chisanu, lomwe limatsogolera mobwerezabwereza ndi yozizira koopsa kuzamitsa galimoto.

karst nyanja

Otchedwa karst nyanja, amene anauka mchikakamizo cha madzi pamwamba ndi pansi. Voids anapanga pansi chifukwa cha njira ya kuvunda ndi kuchotsa particles ting'onoting'ono dongo. Patapita kanthawi pansi, ili pa malo, ndi nyuzi adzalephera.

Zizindikiro za mtundu uwu wa kunyanja: sinkholes, madzi odzazidwa. Ananena ndi amene anapanga m'madera Madzi oundana. Kwa nyanja awa anayamba wapadera akuti - thermokarst.

Deflation, tectonic ndi chiphala nyanja

Deflationary nyanja (wachiwiri dzina lawo - aeolian) ndi mipata madzi odzazidwa pakati pa milu ya. weathering njira zina kupanga grooves kuti kukhala maziko a posungira. Iwo amatchedwa aeolian. Dzina limeneli lili ndi mizu Greek: Aeolus - mulungu wa mphepo.

Tectonic nyanja zinachitika chifukwa cha njira yogwira mu matanthwe a. kawirikawiri ndi kukula yaikulu. Baikal - lililonse limaimira nyanja tectonic.

nyanja chiphala angapezeke mu zimaphala ndi zigwa padziko Chiphalachi utakhazikika.

nyanja Baikal

Nyanja Baikal - wotchuka nyanja ya la Russia. Malowa ali pamtunda pafupi ndi likulu la Asia, ndi mbiri yake yafalikira akutali Africa lapansi. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nyanja yakale kwambiri pa dziko, ndi 25 miliyoni zaka. Panthawi imeneyi kutambalala mtunda pakati pa magombe awiri ndi chinawonjezeka ndi masentimita 2 pa chaka. Kupyolera zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, dziwe adzakhala zambiri.

Mbali yodziwika kwambiri nyanja ya Baikal:

• Zolemba mozama - 1,62 Km.
• Area - 31,5 zikwi Km ^{2 ..}
• Lili limodzi mwa magawo asanu a madzi lathuli atsopano. Kudzaza bedi yopanda Baikal Amazon panadutsa zaka 4.
• Nyanja akuthamanga 336 mitsinje, yaikulu imene - ndi Selenga. Chimachititsa theka buku la madzi anapereka.
• Angara - yekha mtsinje ukuyenda mwa nyanja ya Baikal. Linamangidwa Irkutsk HPP ndipo analenga Fraternal mosungiramo, yaikulu mu dziko.

The madzi nyanja ali kwambiri mtundu buluu, ndi chiyero chake ndi chidwi. Mu June madzi chilungamo pazipita, kotero ife tikhoza kuona chiyani pa akuya 40 m. The zili mchere m'nyanja ochepa omwe amatuluka mu Mtsinje adzalandira mineralization wamkulu. zodabwitsazi si ndi malongosoledwe a sayansi. Pali kungoganizira, chimene Nyanja Baikal pa akuya kwambiri ndi amphamvu gwero la madzi pafupifupi otchezedwa.

Pa zochitika za pa sukulu pa mbali chilengedwe cha Nyanja ya Baikal akuphunzira (kalasi 2). ana onse amadziwa chiyero chapadera cha madzi. Mu kuphunzira nkhani zimenezi sizingatheke ananena za munthu wamoyo, amene madzi kuchokera ku nyanja ndi oyenera kumwa popanda kuyeretsedwa isanafike. Izi ndi yaing'ono crustacean epishura amene amakhala yekha mu nyanza. Izo zonse zosefera madzi ndi kudutsa izo kupyolera thupi. crustacean Izi - osati kuderako. Kwa gulu ili a ⅔ wa oimira nyama ndi zomera nyanja ya Baikal. Nyanjayi chonena 2.6 zikwi. Species ya zamoyo.

M'zaka zapitazi, nyanja ankavutika mphamvu anthropogenic. M'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Baikal zamkati ndi pepala mphero wamangidwa, ndipo pa mtsinje Selenga - CCC. Pali adani ambiri muzipereka ntchito, koma kufunika mu mphero zimenezi unali wamphamvu. Paulimi mabizinezi ndi amadza zimawononga pa nyama ndi zomera la nyanja. mankhwala amphamvu m'zaka za m'ma XXI poizoni dongosolo la 10 Km ² zone m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Self-kuyeretsa azitha Baikal si malire. Ngati monyang'ama mfundo zikachitika, ndiye kupulumutsa nyanjayi ndi zosatheka.