Kodi kusankha pulezidenti wa United States? Kodi dongosolo visankho? US chisankho cha Pulezident

Aliyense boma, osankhidwa njira demokalase pali makhalidwe awo Amalawi akuluakulu kusankha kuwalitsa dziko khalidwe, mbiri ndi miyambo ya dziko. American poyela monga chizindikiro ichi Palibenso dziko. Azolowere munthu koyamba sikutheka kuti muganize momwe kusankha pulezidenti wa United States. Mipikisano gawo kukavota ndondomeko primaries, ndi Electoral College, kupeta limati ... Ndipo nkhondo izi zonse zikuchitika mu mtundu wa zenizeni zimasonyeza, yolanda chidwi cha amaonetsa.

Pati kukhala pulezidenti wa USA?

Malinga ndi malamulo a, Purezidenti wa United States ali lotseguka kwa aliyense atapeza zaka 35 zakubadwa nzika anabadwa mu dziko ndipo wakhala kuno kwa zaka zosachepera 14.

Iwo akhoza asankha ndi chipani cha ndyale, koma mukhoza kupita kafukufuku pa awo, ngati phungu woima payekha.

Koma mchitidwe wa atumwi lomaliza limasonyeza kuti nkhondo yeniyeni yolimbirana pakati pa magulu awiri - Republican ndi Democratic. Ndi nthumwi ya munthu ya zoopsa awiriwa kudziŵa mapeto a dziko mu zaka zinayi.

Ndi mphamvu yaitali wosayendapo kuti mutu wa munthu, ntchito ngati mtsogoleri wa dziko yochepa kuti mawu awiri. Malinga ndi US woyamba makolo, kukhala mwamuna mmodzi mphamvu zoposa 8 zaka kungachititse kuti olamulira ankhanza ndi opanda ufulu onse.

Pulezidenti mu United States - ndondomeko Mipikisano gawo. Pa zambiri, pamatenga zaka imodzi ndi theka. Kukhala Chikukambidwa ofuna zotheka umayamba chaka isanayambe mtundu, kotero funso kangati kusankha pulezidenti mu US, tikhoza kunena kuti ndi ntchito. magawo angapo akhoza kuwasiyanitsa mu njira izi: nomination ofuna, ndi primaries ndi caucuses (ie chachikulu), movomerezedwa ndi nthumwi ya chipani pa msonkhano dziko ndi chisankho okha.

primaries

Choncho, Mulimonsemo, pulezidenti ndi mwina Democrat kapena Republican. Amene wasankha amene mamembala chipani kupita kafukufuku wa? Popeza digiri udindo waukulu, pali amaperekedwa dongosolo la primaries - kuyambirira voti kwa phungu makamaka ku Republican ndi Democrats. Ichi ndi chofunikira kumvetsetsa mmene poyela US.

Aliyense boma lili ndi ndondomeko yake chisankho chachikulu, Kuvota njira. Koma chofunika mpaka pano - osankhidwa nthumwi, imene pa msonkhano komaliza adzaona amene akuimira chipani mu chisankho cha Pulezident cha ku United States.

Ndipotu, nthumwi safunika kuvotera phungu amene oponya voti anakuvoterani chisankho chachikulu.

Pangakhale zinthu pamene pangakhale defectors ku msasa wina ndi mzake. Koma ili ndi mwambo yosowa kwambiri, ndipo nkhani imeneyi imapezeka pamene palibe ofuna analephera malo ambiri nthumwi.

Pali tsiku chidwi "Super Lachiwiri." Pa Lachiwiri woyamba wa February unachitikira chisankho chachikulu limati ambiri nthawi imodzi.

Primaries - ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri choonetsedwa, ali ku February kwa June wa chaka chimene chisankho ikuchitikira. Achimereka kuonera zotsatira zawo wapakatikati, monga mafani a mpira mu Europe mu mundime ya Championship dziko.

Mukayamba chinthu chofunika kwambiri?

Terms za chisankho cha Pulezident US ndi zaka za zana lachitatu kukhala sichinasinthe. Monga loyenera munthu wodzilemekeza mayiko achingelezi, pali ulemu kwambiri chifukwa malamulo ndi miyambo sasintha chilichonse Akufunika. Woyamba Lachiwiri mu November - tsiku pamene United States adzakangamira chisankho cha Pulezident cha mu 2020, 2024 ndi zina zotero malonda infinitum pakatha zaka zinayi. Popeza unakhazikitsidwa mu 1845 ndipo ulipobe.

Chifukwa Lachiwiri? nkhani zonse alimi. USA mu XIX atumwi anali ndi dziko agrarian. adzaponye chisanko ambiri m'madera ulimi wa dziko. Road ku siteshoni loponya ndi olaula tsiku limodzi mpaka masiku awiri. Ndipo Lamlungu, kwenikweni kupita ku tchalitchi. Ndipo ife kusankha tsiku yabwino la sabata, ndiponso kukaona kachisi, ndi Pulezidenti wa kusankha.

electors

Nzika za ku Ulaya ndi Russia ndi anazolowera chilinganizo chopatulika: mfundo mwachindunji, wofanana ndi chinsinsi voti. A pang'ono mosiyana anakonza chisankho mu United States. Pulezidenti pano mulibe mfundo kukavota mwachindunji. Nzika osankhidwa nthumwi - electors amene nawonso, ndi kusankha mtsogoleri dziko.

Zina ndi munthu woyamba wa dziko nzika US kulandira ndi wotsatila mutsogoleli wadziko, yemwe ali naye mu gulu lomwelo. Iwowo ndiwo okha mu dziko, amene anasankhidwa pa mlingo la feduro, ndiye, iwo akuimilira zofuna za dziko lonse, osati khalidwe linalake.

The zikuchokera bolodi

N'zosatheka kumvetsa mmene kusankha pulezidenti wa United States, osazindikira njira kudziŵa koleji visola. The oponya mavoti akubwera ku malo kukavota wolapa awo, motero mawu kwa timu yake ya oimira. Ndiye kuti nthumwi pa voti yokhala ndi wotetezedwa chisankho cha pulezidenti.

Gulu la electors amakonda mankhwala oimira ambiri odalirika a dziko lililonse. Zimakhala Congressmen, senators, kapena anthu wokondedwa.

Lililonse boma chimafikira angapo electors, ndiwo njila kwa chiwerengero cha anthu okhala ndi ufulu kuvota ndi kukhalamo. Mozama chilinganizo ngati - electors ambiri monga aphungu osankhidwa ndi boma ku Congress, kuphatikiza anthu 2.

Mwachitsanzo, chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha nthumwi mu 2016 akhoza azipereka California - anthu 55. Laling'ono - pa kulibe populata limati, monga Utah, Alaska ndi ena - 3 anthu. Okwana bolodi - anthu 538. Kupambana mavoti pakufunika 270 electors.

Kuyang'ana mu mbiri ya dongosolo boma

A nzika za unitary, boma centralized zovuta kumvetsa chifukwa Achimereka kotero kobvuta chiwembu chake chisankho. Mfundo lonse kuti choyambirira United States sipanatenge dziko logwirizana ndi okhwima ofukula za mphamvu.

Mutu kwambiri a United States (ngati kwenikweni - "United States") likunena kuti linali mgwirizano wa limati ofanana. Only mafunso ovuta kwambiri anapatsa ulamuliro wa boma ku Washington - asilikali, ndalama malamulo, mfundo yachilendo. Zonse zochitika zina mkati chinkhoswe okha basi makonsolo.

Kufikira tsopano, mwachitsanzo, palibe thupi limodzi lolamulira apolisi. Apolisi aliyense boma lipoti mwachindunji kwa oyang'anira mzindawo ndipo zimadalira pa likulu.

Zinthu dera ndi electors

Aliyense boma amayamikira mwayi wake. Choncho, nkhani ofunika kwambiri ndipo ali ndi dongosolo limene pulezidenti amasankhidwa ndi oimira aliyense nkhani ya boma, osati masamu ambiri kumodzi. Chifukwa limati lalikulu mwinamwake monga California kapena New York, akhoza kukhala basi chifukwa nambala yaikulu ya anthu kuti asanene zofuna zawo ena limanena. Ndipo kotero, ndiye mu nkhani ya thandizo m'dziko lonselo, phungu adzatha kukhala mtsogoleri wa dziko.

Kuti ndicho chiwembu ichi - thandizo lamulo la chitaganya cha United States.

Mkanganowu pa dongosolo visankho

Mu dongosolo ili, pakhoza kukhala paradoxes. An wodandaulayu amene walandira mavoti oposa Goliyati, mosavuta kumutaya iye chifukwa cha chiwerengero ang'onoang'ono a electors. Chifukwa chiri ichi. Ndi kale momveka bwino, ambiri, monga pulezidenti osankhidwa mu United States. dera tichipeza mu choona kuti chimaika koleji masankho, anasonkhana kuchokera konsekonse boma.

Yapadera dongosolo ndi mfundo zonse kapena kanthu. Zilibe kanthu ngati phungu anapambana, kunena, California, ndi malire a 99% 1% kapena kulamulidwa ndi malire a voti imodzi yokha. Iye mwanjira iliyonse kupeza kuumba masankho onse, udindo wa boma (Pankhaniyi - anthu 55).

Kuti ndi phungu Democratic zikhonza kuvotera namtindi wa adzaponye chisanko cha zigawo waukulu (California, New York), ndipo motero kupereka iye ndi masamu outvote onse pa dziko. Koma ngati palibe thandizo limati zina - palibe chigonjetso. Choncho, kumlingo izo linaphwanya mfundo za pazikhala kufanana wa voti imodzi. Oponya mavoti penapake mu Utah kapena Alaska "akulemera" kuposa California kapena New York.

Kutsutsana za kufunika kwa kusintha wakhalako kwa nthawi yaitali, koma anapatsidwa conservatism chikhalidwe Achimereka m'munda wa chilamulo, kusintha kudikira nthawi yaitali.

chifukwa Lipenga kupambana pa chisankho 2016

Izi ndi zimene zinachitika pa chisankho cha posachedwapa ku United States. Clinton anakuvoterani anthu kwambiri. Koma ambiri anali akwaniritsa pa ndalama za preponderance maganizo Democrats mu mayiko amenewo, malo choncho pachikhalidwe accrue kwa iwo electors onse. chigonjetso Lipenga chinali chakuti iye anali wokhoza kuti apambane mu maiko kumene adzaponye chisanko sanasankhebe enieni amakonda.

Pali madera osiyanasiyana kugwedezeka, pamene palibe makonda osiyana ndi a Democrats kapena Republican. Importance atatu kapena anayi akuluakulu. Nawonso kwambiri ambiri a iwo - Florida, amene anapatsa 27 electors. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse wopambana mu Florida ndipo anakhala pulezidenti wa m'dzikolo. M'mawu ena, cholinga cha ntchitoyi kusankhidwa ndi kupereka nokha mwayi limati atatu anayi 50!

Izi zachitika Donald Kunkapezekanso. Iye ananyalanyaza kulimbana kwa chiyembekezo kuti iye California ndi New York, ndipo ankaganiza mphamvu yake yonse chimodzimodzi kumene ankafuna.

zochitika m'mbiri

Lero ndi bwino mmene kusankha pulezidenti wa United States. Koma pa chiyambi cha statehood anatuluka ndi nkhani zovuta.

Mu nkhani ya Kuyanjana pakathi pa mavoti ya electors pulezidenti zosankhidwa Nyumba ya oimira. Ndicho chimene Jefferson anali osankhidwa mu 1800 ndipo Adams mu 1824. lamulo ili awonongedwa lero, koma khalidwe limeneli si choncho kufikira, monga nkhondo ndi kokha awiri khama lenileni. Ngakhale, chifukwa ngakhale electors nambala theoretically zotheka ndi njirayi.

Luso mfundo, mawu

Choncho, kusankha mitundu onse, ndi Electoral College ndi linasankhidwa. Nthumwi sapita kunja mkhalidwe wawo, pamodzi December, pa tsiku mwachindunji ndi malamulo a. Kayendesedwe ofunda voti chikuchitika. Chidzapatsidwa wasenza ndipo anatumizidwa ku Congress, kumene ntchito yapadera ndi inakhazikitsa zotsatira za kukavota.

Pambuyo kuvomerezedwa ndi Congress ndi Senate kumayambiriro 2017, Donald Lipenga mwalamulo anayamba ntchito ya mutsogoleli wadziko. Malinga ndi malamulo, kuti kuonedwa January 20 potsegulira mwambowo.

kovuta kumvetsa mmene kusankha pulezidenti wa United States. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kuyang'ana pa mbiriyakale ya dziko, kumvetsa miyambo ndi mtima wa anthu. Pulezidenti mu United States - yosangalatsa ndi chidwi amasonyeza, kaya zokonda ndale cha munthuyo.