Jonas Savimbi: womenya ufulu wa Angola

Zhonash Maleyru Savimbi (anabadwa 03/08/34 Chipwitikizi Angola - 22/02/02 anaphedwa pafupi Lukusse, Ibid) - wandale, mtsogoleri wa zigawenga zigawenga zoukira boma Soviet-amatidwa Angola akuchita.

mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro

Mwana wa mkulu wa siteshoni Jonas Savimbi anali mu masukulu mmishonale ndipo analandira maphunziro kuphunzira kunja. Iye anaphunzira mankhwala pa yunivesite ya Lisbon ku Portugal, ndipo kenako udachita digiri ya sayansi ndale pa University ya Lausanne, Switzerland, mu 1965

Ngakhale Africa pa mapu a dziko lapansi makamaka wapangidwa chambiri limati European - France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, UK, Spain ndi Portugal. A njuchi a otsiriza ndipo anali malo Zhonasha. Mu 1961 Savimbi anagwirizana adagwidwa Roberto, mtsogoleri wa gulu la ufulu wa Angola Anthu Union (UPA), ndi mdani wa Popular Movement yomasulira Angola (MPLA, ndi Marxist-Leninist "ntchito" phwando). Iye anaswa ndi UPA mu 1966 ndipo anapanga mutu wa UNITA (UNITA), zomwe kumenyana Chipwitikizi ulamuliro atsamunda.

Africa pa dziko mapu geopolitical

Mu 1965, Savimbi anaganiza kupanga gulu lake lomwe, ndipo anayamba kuyang'ana thandizo. Iye anachokera ku China, kumene ndi ena lieutenants ake anaitanidwa ku njira naini mwezi nkhondo zigawenga. Mu Beijing, mtsogoleri wa UNITA, anakumana Mao Zedong ndi atsogoleri ena a asilikali ndi ndale ulimi Chinese. Savimbi anaphunzira machenjerero ntchito mogwira mtima kenako mu Angola. Kenako, pamene iye anakapempha thandizo kwa mayiko a azungu, Zhonash downplayed tanthauzo la ulendo wake wopita ku China. Makamaka, iye ananena kuti Mao ndi wa Chikomyunizimu osati aphunzira mmene nkhondo ndi kupambana ndi zigawenga nkhondo, komanso njira sayenera kusamalira chuma ndi dziko, ndicho. Kwa. The chuma cha mitundu analenga kanthu za anthu.

yolimbikitsa

Atabwerera ku Angola, Jonas Savimbi anayamba kusonkhanitsa fuko lake ovimbundu ndi ogwirizana ena. Bomali anazinga kunyumba ndipo ankadana padziko lonse lapansi. November 10, 1975 Portugal mwalamulo akusonyezabe kuti ulamuliro wake pa boma African. Panali mofulumira ndi owawa yolimbirana mphamvu zinachititsa Popular Movement yomasulira Angola ananena yokha boma latsopano. Pambuyo zionetsero MPLA chipani, UNITA anaitanidwa kuti asilikali Cuba ndi zida Soviet ntchito kuti mphamvu. Posachedwa Zhonash anathawira mozama Angola ndi otsatira chabe angapo.

Apo izo ndi ulamuliro Soviet, amene m'malo Chipwitikizi, anakopeka ndi anaitanitsa asilikali watsopano. Mothandizidwa ndi zida ndi aphunzitsi ku South Africa, Savimbi anakonza mphamvu ndi kothandiza kupanduka. Nthawi ya Boma la Angola mothandizidwa ndi asilikali Cuba ndi anayesera kuwononga manja Soviet kuti UNITA, koma zigaŵenga zankhondo msonkhano lalikulu, lomwe anaukira maofesi a boma, njanji ndi mizere okwanira.

Pa Cold nkhondo Savimbi thandizo ku China, South Africa ndi United States monga ankatsutsa MPLA Marxist, Soviet-amatidwa, omwe ankalamulira boma. UNITA anapitiriza kuchita zoukira boma ndi zigawenga nkhondo MPLA pa 1970 ndi 80s.

nkhani mtendere

M'chaka cha 1991 Savimbi asilikali ankavala pansi Luanda likulu, kudula mphamvu mizere ndi intercepting magalimoto. Mu chimaliziro, MPLA anakakamizika kuvomereza kuti malamulo ake makamaka chinathandiza mapangidwe ngongole 20 biliyoni dollar ya Angola ndi kusowa pafupifupi zokolola. MPLA Pulezidenti Jose Eduardo zoyenera Santos walola kukambirana ndi Savimbi ndi UNITA, komanso phukusi la kusintha umalimbana kutukula chuma. mapangano mtendere anasaina May 31, 1991, ndipo nkhondo inayima posachedwa.

Pambuyo pake, Jonas Savimbi, mothandizidwa ndi mbali adamthamangira, msonkhano wokopa mutsogoleli wadziko lonse Angola. Ilo likadali walonjeza kuti UNITA aitane msika chuma, zonse Zisankho zochitika momasuka ndi umwini patokha dziko ndi malonda. Pa masewera ku likulu mu September 1991, Savimbi ananena kuti mphamvu ya chipani chake osati mikono yake, komanso pamaso yake yandale.

Loss pa chisankho

Mtendere pangano ndi Boma la nkhondo Angola akhala anaima, amene kunapangitsa kuti kugwira mu 1992 ufulu chisankho multiparty dziko. Atafa Savimbi ndi UNITA anayambanso nkhondo ulamuliro wa dziko, Wodzikuza m'madera ambiri a m'midzi. nkhani inachitika kachiwiri, chimene chinachititsa kuti Lusaka mgwirizano mu 1994. Nkhondo anali kuti zithe, ndi mphamvu ankayenera kuti disarmed. Pulezidenti Angola Jose Eduardo zoyenera Santos, Savimbi akufuna kukhala mmodzi wa wachiwiri kwa Pulezidenti wina ziwiri, ndi UNITA - nawo boma. Zhonash kenako anakana pempholo, ndipo mu 1997 mwalamulo anamuika kukhala mtsogoleri wa kuwatsutsa. Patapita chaka positi linathetsedwa. Mu 1996, Savimbi ananena kuti adzakhala nawobe kulamulira madera opindulitsa diamondi mu kumpoto Angola, ngakhale ena a iwo anatitumiza boma mu 1998.

imfa

nthawi ozizira nkhondo akhala itatha UNITA anali ndi mavuto ndi ndalama. Mu September 1998, Savimbi anali potsutsidwa m'gululi, pamene gulu kuitana chokha UNITA-R, anamukankha ndi ankatsogolera okha. Kuyambira nthawi kuti chipani unagawidwa tuzigawo twa atatu. Boma la Angola ndi Development Southern African yokhala anazindikira UNITA-R. Komabe, March 2001, Jonas Savimbi napempha resumption nkhani ndi anasonyeza kuti ankafunitsitsa kuvomereza mfundo za mgwirizano Lusaka. Ngakhale boma anafuna ceasefire ngati akufuna kuti chiyambi cha zokambirana latsopano, Savimbi otchedwa pa Tchalitchi cha Katolika ayimire mu awiri. Kulimbana anapitiriza mu 2001 ndi kufalikira ku maiko oyandikana, Zambia ndi Namibia. asilikali aboma anapitirizabe kunyoza Zhonasha ndipo potsiriza anamupeza m'chigawo kum'mawa Moxico. Savimbi anali ambushed ndi kuphedwa. Atamwalira mu April 2002, pangano mtendere chinasainidwira pakati UNITA ndi boma Angola.