Kodi kudzala mpendadzuwa mu dziko?

Ambiri demokalase mbewu zoweta minda ndi minda ya zipatso - mpendadzuwa, kwathunthu lolingana dzina lake ndi kukopera masana owala, kukongoletsa mabedi wathu ndi adzakupatsani mbewu - mankhwala, ndi Kutentha moyo wa munthu aliyense Russian. membala uyu wa banja Asteraceae, mbadwa kuti ankaona North America, n'zosadabwitsa kupsa mu malo a Manor Russian. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mbewu imeneyi - oilseeds (chakudya), ndi zomera yokongola. Kodi kudzala mpendadzuwa, amene subtleties agronomic ntchito nanga kusiyana pakati pa kulima chakudya ndi yokongola mitundu, m'nkhani pano.

Features ndi ntchito za chikhalidwe

Mpendadzuwa oilseed chakula Russia monga lonse mafakitale kwa yopanga mafuta, komanso mu minda ndi nyumba dziko, kuthamangitsa cholinga osati kusonkhanitsa mbewu, koma chokongoletsera malo owala dzuwa masamba. Kukongoletsa mpendadzuwa mitundu, ayipanga zaposachedwapa, ndi yosiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu chidwi ndi maluwa yosavuta, theka-awiri ndi awiri a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu zodabwitsa pamakhala, osiyana msinkhu ndi compactness. Chifukwa zosiyanasiyana mitundu, iwo ali bwinobwino ntchito ndi opanga m'munda mkati. Koma ngati m'nkhani khama funso mmene kudzala mpendadzuwa, kuonetsanso oilseeds, tidzayankhulana kwenikweni za izo.

Msonkho pa zinthu kukula ndi mpendadzuwa chilala zosagwira zimapangitsa kubwerera frosts kasupe -5 ° C. Koma m'pofunika kubala mbewu kuiganizira chifukwa mbewu.

Kodi kudzala mpendadzuwa mu dziko: Sankhani malo

Mpendadzuwa - kuwala zofuna chikhalidwe, napempha Kuphunzira pazipita mbali ya mbewu. Chosowa kuwala chimawononga yaikulu chitukuko, makhalidwe kukongoletsa ndi zipatso, kotero inu sangalepheretse thickening wa landings, koma malo kusankha bwino anayatsa. Chifukwa mpendadzuwa - chomera kutentha wachikondi ndi kumverera kwambiri ngakhale pansi dzuwa, gawo zoyenera ili pansi nyale fulorosenti tsiku lonse. Anabzala zomera theka-mthunzi sikuti nthawi zonse nthawi kuti zipse. Isanafike kudzala mpendadzuwa mu dziko, ndi zofunika kuti ateteze ndi malowedwe mwa mphepo.

Mpendadzuwa chabe za nthaka yomwe chidzakula. The dothi yabwino kwambiri salowerera wakuda nthaka yachonde loam. Kukhala chomera amphamvu, amayandikira kwa nthaka ndi pazipita kuchuluka kwa zakudya, ambiri omwe amafunika chikhalidwe ngakhale pamaso maluwa. Choncho, pamaso pa zomera mpendadzuwa ayenera manyowa dziko bwinobwino.

Sikuti kudzala chikhalidwe malo amenewo kumene kale wamkulu nyemba ndi Solanaceae. The precursors zabwino ndi chimanga ndi mbewu. Komanso, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chodzala mpendadzuwa nyengo angapo mu mzere pamalo amodzi ndi osafunika, ndi bwino kutenga yopuma zaka 3, kuyambira mbewu mwachangu Wopereka nthaka. Pa nthawi ya mpumulo ndi dziko lapansi kuti lichotse toyambitsa ndi owopsa kwa mpendadzuwa.

kukonzekera nthaka

Kuyambirira yophukira fetereza kuwonjezeka mbewu zipatso ndi khalidwe la mbewu. Kukumba pa nthawi imeneyo kupanga humus ndi phosphorous-potaziyamu fetereza, ndiye manyowa m'chaka cha malo anakonza simusowa kuti. Amafukula nthaka m'chaka, zikhale zabwino kumasula ndi kuchotsa namsongole onse ndi makombo a mizu. Kodi kudzala mpendadzuwa? Chophweka ndi yabwino kwambiri njira - kudzala mbewu mwachindunji malo okhazikika, anyalanyaza nthawi mmera cha chikhalidwe.

Kukonzekera mbewu kubzala

Mpendadzuwa mafuta mbewu - pachaka chomera kusasitsa omwe, malinga zosiyanasiyana ndi dera chofunika kwa masiku 70 mpaka 150. Kodi kudzala mpendadzuwa kwa mbewu?

Mbewu pamaso kubzala ndi Zinakhazikika anataya. ayenera anawaika chidebe cha madzi kwa ola limodzi kudziwa mbewu zabwino. mbewu youma wosabereka tiwolokere pamwamba, ndi oyenera chifukwa chodzala lakuya pansi. Musanayambe mbewu mbewu mpendadzuwa ayenera unazokotedwa zokonzekera zawo zapadera, osiyanasiyana omwe ndi waukulu lero, kapena njira ya ntchito mu minda ya. Mwachitsanzo, inafalitsidwa etching njira mu adyo kulowetsedwa, zomwe zakonzedwa motere: magalamu 100 a adyo, wolapadi blender ndi, wothira pang'ono khungu anyezi ndi malita awiri a madzi otentha udzathiridwa. Pambuyo molimbirira masiku osakaniza anali osasankhidwa ndi zilowerere mmenemo mbewu kwa maola 10-12. Kuchitiridwa mbewu, kupatulapo cholinga mwachindunji, fungo yeniyeni sichisangalatsa makoswe ndi tizilombo zambiri kupeza mbewu mu nthaka.

malamulo kubzala

Mbewu ayenera anabzala mu ofunda, kutenthetsa kwa 8-12 ° C nthaka. M'madera osiyanasiyana masiku zosiyana kwambiri pamaso panu kudzala mpendadzuwa m'munda, safuna kuyenda kwa mawu ndi pa kutentha nthaka. Pamene muyenera kutenthetsa nthaka kubzala mbewu mdzenje okonzeka mbewu 2-3, anaikidwa pa masentimita 8.

Nkofunika kukhala intervals pakati pa zomera. Akudalira pa mitundu ya mpendadzuwa. mbewu Major ayenera ankasiyana mtunda wa 0.7-0.9 m, sing'anga -. 0.4-0.5 mamita akadakwanitsira mtunda pakati mpendadzuwa zipangitsa kusasitsa achenes lalikulu ndi mbewu apamwamba. Nkhani ina mu agrotechnical kulima mbewu horticultural. Musanayambe kudzala mpendadzuwa m'munda, kukumbukira kuti malo kwambiri kuposa 1.5 mamita mabedi ndiwo zamasamba, si koyenera. chikhalidwe amphamvu ipeza zofunika kuchokera ku dothi, moyandikana pafupi kuti adzachita oppressively pa chitukuko cha masamba.

Cultural kubalana Features

Chifukwa mpendadzuwa - chomera pachaka, ndi njira kubalana ake - mbewu yokha. Pali ena subtleties kuti ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa kumapangitsanso mbewu:

• Culture monga mtanda mungu wochokera mbewu ayenera kumwedwa zosiyanasiyana ndi kusintha chaka chilichonse;

• kubereketsa zomera ndi mitundu ina ndi zinadzala ndi kuchepetsa zokolola ndi quality, komanso mapangidwe ambiri madengu pustosemyannyh.

Kusamalira mpendadzuwa

Kuti zokoma za mbewu khalidwe mpendadzuwa ayenera mosamala akhaonera. Nthaka pansi zomera ayenera bwino manyowa, udzu ndi kumasula zonse manja madzi, komanso kuteteza ikamatera tizirombo zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa mpendadzuwa azichitira ankakonda kwa ambiri a iwo.

M'nthawi youma, madzi zomera ayenera kukhala tsiku lililonse. Ndi bwino kupereka madzi pa mizu, monga kukonkha mpendadzuwa amadana nazo.

Culture amakonda fetereza potaziyamu. Iwo anaona kuti zonse kuvala za zowonjezera phosphorous-potaziyamu bwanji khalidwe la mbewu, kukula ndi kukoma. A predominance a feteleza asafe, pa mwake, kumabwezera mmbuyo kukula kwa mbewu, kwambiri kuchepetsa zokolola ndipo zimapangitsa chikhalidwe chiopsezo ku matenda osiyanasiyana. Ukala ngati n'koyenera imodzi ndi kubzala kapena pamaso maluwa. Phula kudya kwambiri yochezera.

garter

Kawirikawiri mapulaniwo chikhalidwe ndi mphamvu zokwanira kugwira ngakhale achenes waukulu. Choncho, zomera garter Sikuti. Koma nthawi zina, pamene iwo anabzala m'deralo, kudzera zokula ndi mphepo yamphamvu, thandizo mpendadzuwa zidzafunika, makamaka pa mbewu achenes yakucha.

Tizirombo ndi ulamuliro wawo

Mpendadzuwa mbewu zimakonda kudya osati anthu, komanso tizilombo, makoswe, mbalame. Choncho, pamaso pa mbewu zomera ku mpendadzuwa, m'pofunika pokonza ndi tikuona odorous zinthu kuthandiza amawateteza tizilombo ku landings lapansi. Mbalame n'kumamujompha mwendo aswa zikumera, ndipo pa nthawi iyi kuti mukonze chitetezo zina mbande. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, kukafika kutsogolo chodzala galimoto mu zitalizitali yaing'ono, kukoka pakati pa ulusi woyera, scaring mbalame. Patapita milungu ingapo zomera kukula ndi mphamvu, ndi mbalame adzautaya chidwi iwo mpaka nthawi akayamba zipse mbewu. Pankhaniyi, alimi mu maphunzirowa ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera chakale mantha akuuluka mphepo n'kupanga nsalu zojambulazo, ma CD akale ndi ena.

Kodi kudzala mpendadzuwa kukongoletsa

Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu mu kulima mitundu mpendadzuwa. zomera kukongoletsa komanso amakonda dzuwa, kutetezedwa ku malo mphepo ndi nthaka breathable chatsanulidwa.

Popanga mmene kudzala mitundu mpendadzuwa yokongola, m'pofunika kusankha kalasi yoyenera. Iwo kubereka mbewu. Yokongola mpendadzuwa zofesedwa oyambirira May. Kwa nthawi yaitali, kapena kani, maluwa kupitirirabe akhoza kuphunzitsa mbewu mu May ndi June. 2-3 awo chinakula cm, pamene lokhudza ankafika imeneyi kwa 0,3 kwa 0,6 mamita malinga zosiyanasiyana ndi.

Pamaso mbewu mpendadzuwa, kunyumba anakonza kulowetsedwa phulusa (magalamu 30 / 0.5 malita) anaikidwa mu izo kwa mbewu tsiku. Osatha mpendadzuwa mitundu bwinobwino zimafalitsidwa ndi kugawa chitsamba, amene amapangidwa mu nthawi ya mpumulo - m'chaka kapena kugwa.

Nkhani amapereka yankho ku funso la mmene kudzala bwino ndi mpendadzuwa, limafotokoza malamulo zoyambirira za kusamalira chikhalidwe chidwi.