Kodi Cossacks, ndi zimene tikudziwa iwo

Mawu "Cossack" m'chilankhulo Turkic amatanthauza "mfulu". Ndipotu izi molondola kwambiri amasonyeza tanthauzo la mfundo, ngakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana ali ndi tanthauzo lakelake tanthauzo lake. Kutsutsana mkangano za chiyambi cha mawu sanasiye mpaka pano. Osati aliyense amadziwa za amene Cossacks, ndipo pamene iwo zambiri anapanga gulu la.

The oyamba amatchulidwa m'ma XIII. Kazembe French Gilom De Rubruck kumbuyo mu 1253 anapita ku Mongolia ndipo anaona Don Cossacks.

Kwambiri Russian mbiri yakale pa funso la amene Cossacks, ananena kuti ndi mbali yofunika ya mtundu wa Asilavo, nthambi yache. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti kalasi pamwamba anatuluka anthu woyendayendawu a mtundu m'mayiko a aku Iran, amene anasiya dera la kum'mawa kwa Nyanja Baikal ndi kukakhala pa gombe la Angara. asayansi ena poyankha funso za amene Cossacks, amasonyeza kuti iwo ndi mbadwa ya Black Sea ndi Azov mafuko amene womangidwa zimakhalira pachibale ndipo anapanga mtundu wapadera. Palinso maganizo adzabadwira "Cossacks" wakhala North Caucasus.

Kukanganira za amene Cossacks, ndi wosatha. Si kuchotsa chinthu chimodzi - momwe mafuko monga Khakassia, tanaity, Alans aces, Kaisaks, ankaona makolo a kalasi anafotokoza, adakhoza kuphunzira Russian chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo, motero de A facto kukhala Asilavo. chifukwa mwina kwagona kuti gulu lalikulu la waukali Rousseau anapambana m'madera kum'mwera, mu chiwerengero linali lalikulu kwambiri kuposa mayunitsi a mafuko a kumeneko. Mwa zina, ndi expanses lalikulu la kum'mwera anali m'chipululu kwathunthu, kotero mafuko Asilavo panalibe kuphunzira - sankadziwa mwadala moyo malinga awo maziko zaka zakubadwa.

Zochokera pamwamba Ndizachidziwikire kuti Cossacks ndi kudalirana wapadera wa anthu Asilavo, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa kwa malire a boma Russian mu zikhalidwe, popanda kudalira izo. Asanachoke pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana kupitirira kwawo, anthu Russian afika kum'mwera malire steppe la Russia, kumene "kuthetsedwa", ngakhale kuti anali ndi mwa anansi ankhanza. Ndi kuchokera kuno, 'anachokera "Kuban Cossacks. Iwo anali kuteteza nyumba zawo chifukwa cholumidwa ndi mafuko woyendayendawu ndipo kenako okha anaukira. nkhondo wakhala katswiri ntchito yawo, iye steeled khalidwe lawo ndi kuchita pamoyo wawo. Pakati pa nkhondo asilikali Cossacks wamkulu ng'ombe, ankasakidwa ndi ndaweza.

Monga kale anatsindika, ndi Don Cossacks anali woyamba kutchulidwa 1253 ndi French kazembe William wa Rubruck. Don Cossacks mwalamulo anapanga pambuyo kugwa kwa Golden gulu. Ake "mafupa" anapanga Russian Akhristu. Asayansi ena amanena kuti iwo anali ndi asilikali amene sanafune kutumikira Mongol-Chitata khans, pamene ena amakhulupirira kuti anali achifwamba ndi Khlynovsky dziko. Lang'anani, gulu lankhondo la Don Cossacks munali ochuluka kuposa ndi zigawenga mu Russian Ufumu.