Mtundu Avars: malongosoledwe, makhalidwe ndi mbiri

Wamkulu okhwima Caucasus - chikhalidwe chosiyana zokongola kokongola, mapiri aakulu ndipo zigwa maluwa. Anthu omwe alipo m'gawo lake, yemweyo okhwima, wamphamvu wofuna ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndakatulo ndi wolemera mwauzimu. Mmodzi wa anthu awa - anthu amene mtundu - ndi Avars.

Ana a mafuko wakale

Avars - ndi dzina la mtundu Russian, amene makamaka amakhala kumpoto kwa Dagestan. Iwo amadzitcha "maarulal, amene anamasuliridwa mosavuta kwambiri ndiponso molondola," ng'ombezi ". Georgia kuwatcha "leks" Kumyks - "Tavla". Ziwerengero ali zoposa 900 zikwi. Avars, kuphatikizapo 93% ya iwo amakhala Dagestan. Kunja mphepete mbali yaing'ono ya miyoyo ya anthu Chechnya, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan. Pali gulu la Avars ku Turkey. Avars - pa dziko limene chibadwa zokhudzana ndi Ayuda. Malinga ndi mbiri ya wakale Sultan Ngozi udzayesedwa m'bale wake wa mkulu wa Khazars. A Khazar khans, kachiwiri monga amafotokoza nkhani, akalonga anali Ayuda.

Kodi nkhaniyo?

Kutchula koyamba m'mipukutu mbiri yakale, izi North mafuko Caucasus amakhala ngati ankhanza ndi amphamvu. malo awo a m'dera mapiri chinathandiza mndandanda bwino kupambana pa Khazars, amene anadzakhala zigwa. A ufumu waung'ono wotchedwa Serir, kenako anadzatchedwa zolakwa za anthu mfumu wolemekezeka distilikiti. ngozi wafika pachimake m'zaka za m'ma XVIII. Kenako Muslim dziko Avars anakhazikitsa lateokalaseli boma Imamate, imene fomu iyi analipo kale inalowa kwa Russia. Tsopano ndi wodziimira Republic of Dagestan maziko ake chikhalidwe, andale ndi achipembedzo.

chilankhulo cha anthu

Avars - unzika ndi chilankhulo chake zomwe wa Avar-Ando-Tsez subgroup wa gulu Caucasus. m'madera kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa dera okhala chibadidwe m'zilembo ake awiri, amene amasiyana zina phonetic, morphological ndi lexical. zinkalankhulidwa onse ndi a zinenero zosiyanasiyana chimakhala ndi m'madera ena a dziko. Zolembalemba chinenero Avar unapangidwa pophatikizana a m'zilembo kuwiri, ngakhale kukopa kwambiri akali kumpoto. Kale Avars ntchito zilembo za alifabeti Latin, kuyambira 1938 Avar zilembo - makalata pamaziko a zilembo Russian. Zambiri za mtunduwu kuli bwino Russian.

Avar mtundu: mapangidwe a genotype ndi

Kutalikirana kwa malo okhala, kufalikira kwa mafuko pankhondo kudutsa East European Plain, mpaka Scandinavia, kwachititsa kuti pakhale zizindikiro kunja kwa Avars amasiyana kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri a Caucasus. Pakuti oimira ankaikira phiri anthu zambiri mwangwiro European maonekedwe ndi tsitsi lofiira, khungu chilungamo ndi maso a buluu. A nthumwi mmene anthu awa ali mkulu wochepa chithunzi, yotakata sredneprofilirovannym munthu mkulu koma yopapatiza mphuno.

Mokhwima zinthu zachilengedwe kupulumuka, kufunika kupambana kwa chilengedwe ndi mafuko ena olimapo ndi msipu amakuonani pa zaka kugonjetsedwa ndi amakani chikhalidwe cha Avars. Komabe, iwo mtima kwambiri ndi olimbikira, tillers kwambiri ndi osema.

Gen. phiri anthu

Amene dziko - Avars kalekale ankakhala mu mapiri. Ntchito yaikulu inali ndi kukhala m'malo amenewa ndi tsopano nkhosa, komanso ntchito zonse zokhudzana ndi processing wa nkhosa. zosowa zakudya kuti anakankha Avars pang'onopang'ono kutsikira zigwa, ndi kukhala ulimi ndi nyama husbandry, omwe anakhala ntchito yaikulu ya anthu kumveka. Nyumba zomangidwa pamodzi ake Avars chipwirikiti phiri mitsinje. Kapangidwe awo ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi zachilendo kwa azungu. Atazunguliridwa ndi miyala ndi nyumba mwala kuyang'ana kupitiriza awo. Avereji kuthetsa zikuwoneka ngati izi: ikulu mwala khoma akutambasula msewu, chifukwa cha zimene iye amawoneka ngati mphanga yotulukira ija. kutalika magulu anathandiza chakuti mbali ya denga la nyumba ndi bwalo la wina. chikoka Modern sanali pochitika dziko lino: Avars panopa kumanga lalikulu nsanjika zitatu nyumba ndi sundeck.

Miyambo ndi

Chipembedzo mtundu - Islam. Avars wa chipembedzo achipembedzo cha Sunni Muslim. Mwachibadwa, malamulo Sharia ulembedwe miyambo ndi banja onse lamulo, lomwe mosamalitsa chimatsatira Avar. Anthu a pachilumbachi ndi zambiri odziwa kulandira alendo, koma miyambo ndi zikhulupiriro zawo, kuteteza ulemu wa mafunso yomweyo. Magazi wosamwerana madzi mu malo awa - izo bwino lero. Zikhulupiriro am'deralo penapake kuchepetsedwa ndi ena miyambo yachikunja - monga zambiri zimachitika m'madera amene anthu akhala wamakhalidwe lakutali. Banja chogwidwa ndi mwamuna wake, koma mwachibale kwa mkazi ndi ana antchito ake kuti azilemekeza ndi kuonetsetsa nkhaniyo. akazi Avar ndi khalidwe kulimbikira amene amaona kuchokera amuna awo, ndipo nthawi zonse njira zawo.

chikhalidwe

Aliyense Avar, amene anthu amagwira kwambiri miyambo yawo dziko, kulemekeza makolo awo. miyambo mizu mwa zaka. Mountain expanses anabadwa achilendo melodic nyimbo, kuvina ndi nthano anzeru azaka zoposa Caucasus. Nyimbo Zida Avar anthu - chagchana, chagur, mphamvu, maseche, ng'oma. Traditional Avar chikhalidwe ndi gwero ndi maziko chachikulu masiku Dagestan luso ndi kupenta. Kukhala kutali, kutali njira zamalonda ndi malo, anthu Ngozi kutulutsa katundu wa m'nyumba, zovala, zibangili iyeyo ndi nyumba ndi manja awo zida zidutswa. zamanja waluso mafundewo mwaluso kwenikweni, maziko a ambuye masiku ano.

Avars, nalemekeza anthu ake

Habib Nurmagomedov (Mtundu - Avar) - ankhonya, ngwazi ya Russia, wopambana wa World nkhonya Championship, wopambana wa WBA lamba, ngwazi ya la International nkhonya Organization.

Amir Amaev - Dagestan atomiki wasayansi, woyambitsa wa latsopano malangizo sayansi chitukuko cha nyukiliya.

Jamal Azhigirey - mbuye wa masewera a kalasi lonse mu Wu Shu, khumi khola Champion la Russia, twelvefold ngwazi ya Europe.

Fazu Alieva - Dagestani wowerengeka ndakatulo, anali mkonzi wa magazini "Women of Dagestan".

Rasul Gamzatov - Avar ndakatulo, membala wa Writers 'Union, woyambitsa ambiri odziwika ndi otchuka pa masiku ano nyimbo otchuka.

List of Dagestan otchuka ndi mayina odziwika bwino pa dziko amanditenga pepala kuposa wina. Iwo - ulemerero woona wa anthu ake ochepa koma wamakani.