Zosangalatsa za St. Petersburg. History of St. Petersburg

Osati mudzi uliwonse ndi zaka zana zitatu za mbiri akhoza kudzitama zosiyanasiyana ngati a zomangamanga ndi chikhalidwe, monga Peter. Ndipo chuma chake, iye afunika munthu mmodzi, amene ali lolingalira chifukwa cha absurdity wa cholingachi ankakayikira. Osungirako zinthu zakale masewera ndi malaibulale, nyumba zachifumu ndiponso minda, chikondi, luso ndi m'maganizo - ndiko kuchimake kwa dera lonse Leningrad, amene chaka amakopa alendo ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Today ife kulankhula za mzinda wa ulemerero ndi mbiri wolemera. Mudzaphunzira mfundo zambiri zochititsa chidwi za Petro.

Dera la nthano

Saint Petersburg ndi waphimbika mu kwambiri nthano chidwi ndi zachilendo. Mmodzi wa iwo limafotokoza nkhani ya maziko ake. Malinga ndi Baibulo boma, mfumu yaikulu Peter Wamkulu anazindikira kuti dziko likusowa padoko. Zimenezi zingam'thandize kukumana ndi Europe. N'chifukwa chake kunkafunika kulenga malo amene adzakhale malo a zombo ndi pa nthawi yomweyo kupereka chitetezo cha madera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dziko. Location lolingana i pamwamba, anasankhidwa pa gombe la Gulf wa Finland.

May 16, 1703, ku chikondwerero cha Utatu, mfumu anafika pa Kalulu Island. Dzina limeneli likuchokera ku chakuti pa mafunde mkulu ndi imodzi mwa akalulu Anabisala kwa mfumu ya madzi ndi analumphira mu nsapato, motero kupulumutsa okha.

Kuyang'ana pozungulira m'derali yomwe mfumu anagonjetsa kwa asilikali a Sweden, mwadzidzidzi anaima n'kunena kuti kudzakhala mzinda waukulu ndi ulemerero wa St. Petersburg. Kenako anatenga fosholo ndi kuyamba kukumba dzenje. Iye aikha mwala maziko a tsogolo la mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Pa nthawi imeneyo, dera inali kuwoloka dambo ndi wosasamala bwinja lokhalokha. Pamene nduna ndinali kuyenda, iye adamperekeza iye kulikonse mphungu - chizindikiro cha kupambana, mphamvu ndi kulemera.

Yotsutsa nkhani wowerengeka

Ndipotu, pafupifupi onse nthano - zopeka. Izi imakhudzanso nthano pamwambapa. Akatswiri kwathunthu kudzudzulidwa ngati nthano. Komabe, mbiri ya St. Petersburg akadali limodzi ku nkhani, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali, anthu kuganizira iwo monga choonadi.

Choyamba zopeka - kukhalapo kwa Petro kalulu Island mu May 1703. Panthawi imeneyi, Mfumu anatsatira yomanga zombo Lodeynoye Pole, umene unali mtunda wa makilomita 200 kuchokera ku likulu la m'tsogolo. Komanso, mfumu bambo kawirikawiri waponya dera limeneli. Ndipo si achifumu vuto kukumba maenje, kuika miyala woyamba, ndi kuthamanga kudutsa oyang'anira zigawo.

Panalibe mphungu wokongola, chifukwa iwo zapezeka mderali. Komabe, nkhalango apa panali kwenikweni zakutchire. Mwachitsanzo, pa Elagin Island, amene lero m'nyumba paki iwo. S. M. Kirova, anthu zimbalangondo bulauni.

Mwa njira, nyama zimenezi si bwino anavomereza mfundo za moyandikana ndi anthu ndipo nthawi zonse anaukira womanga nyumba, umene zachititsa kuti imfa m'malo lalikulu la moyo. Pomaliza, anaganiza kuti awononge zimbalangondo.

Nkhalango ndi midzi

Mu chidwi mfundo izi za St. Petersburg, lekani. Nkhani za kuwoloka, bwinja zithaphwi - ngati nthano. Ndipotu mayiko amenewa anamasuliridwa lokhalamo anthu koma wosazindikira amene anali achibale a Finno-Ugric anthu. Mu zaka VIII-IX wa Asilavo anakakhala pano. Mu 1600s ndi kumadela amenewa pa nkhondo anali anapambana mmbuyo ndi asilikali a Sweden, ndipo anali nawo mpaka 1721. Pa nthawi ya chiyambi cha zomangamanga panali makumi midzi lotanganidwa ndi mipingo, nyumba, nyumba. Ndi mfundo za Ages Middle anali midzi mwachilungamo lalikulu. Koma mphamvu ya nyumba yakale anagwetsa ndipo anamanga nthambi yatsopano mu malo awo.

Ndipo mbiri yakale kukana chiphunzitso mfumu motsogozedwa zinthu ndondomeko yake ya anthu. Cholinga chake chachikulu chinali kulenga latsopano Ulaya, amene anali kukhala Russia posachedwapa. St. Petersburg inamangidwa kuchokera pansi chifukwa chakuti mfumu sankasangalala ndiye anthu. Likulu latsopano anali kukhala osati ndale komanso chikhalidwe pakati mphamvu.

Chinsinsi cha dzina

Kuwonjezera nthano odziwika kuti auze nkhani za kukhazikitsidwa kwa mzinda, anthu anapanga ndi stereotype lolakwika la dzina mzinda. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndi limatchula za dzina la tate wake - Peter Wamkulu. Ndipotu, mfumu alibe poyerekezera ndi mfundo imeneyi. mzinda dzina lake polemekeza St. Peter. Mfumu ngakhale lisanakhazikike mzinda ankafuna kupereka msonkho kwa ofera, amene dzina inabala, ndipo dzina lake ena m'mphepete.

History of St. Petersburg limanenanso kuti Petro ndi Paulo linga, amene anaika mfumu, ndi otchedwa Mungapeze dziko. Ndipo anali woyang'anira izi ndiye amachititsa kulowa paradaiso.

Dziwani kuti citadel kwambiri ndi mfumu osati malo a asilikali, komanso ndi wachifundo m'tawuni nyumba, pharmacies, masitolo.

Njira yoyamba pofuna maloto wolamulirayo

Pa kukhazikitsa dongosolo ntchito Mfumu anaitanidwa kuchokera akatswiri kunja padziko lonse lapansi wotchuka ndi mapulani. Koma ntchito yomanga anagwira akapolo, amene "anaitanidwa" kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko.

Ngakhale mfumu anamanga mzinda wa maloto, anadwala Russia. St. Petersburg zinakonzedwa pamodzi mizere European, ndi kumanga ake amayenera ambiri miyala. Choncho, pa nthawi ya pa Neva wolamulira choletsedwa nyumba ya nkhaniyi kwinakwake. Komanso, aliyense wogwira ntchito anayenera kubweretsa ndi zida osati kokha, komanso zipangizo. Ndi onse amene anafika chimanjamanja, kusonkhanitsa misonkho. ntchito chinakopa akapolo osati asilikali (mu nthawi lopanda nkhondo), akaidi komanso ngakhale m'ndende.

Choonadi ndi mabodza

Zosangalatsa za St. Petersburg akhoza nkhaniyo. Choncho, malo ambiri akusonyeza kuti kantchito anali oopsa, linalipiridwa pang'ono ndipo analamulira boma nkhanza. Inde, mfumu anali anthu ake mu nkhonya. Kumangidwa kwa anthu wamba anabwera kwa mphamvu. Mabanja a anthu amene anapulumuka anawatengera kundende sadatulutsidwe mpaka antchito kubwerera.

Koma malipiro iwo analipira ndi nkhani 1 ruble (pafupifupi malipiro pa nthawi) ntchito katatu kokha (pambuyo awiri) miyezi, kenako tizipita kwathu. Pali zambiri pa ngozi: malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, chithunzi ndi pakati 1 ndi 5%, komwe ndi kutenga mu m'badwo nkhani, ndi wochepa kwambiri.

anapachikidwa mafashoni

Mayendedwe a St. Petersburg yokhudza malo nyumbayi panthawi imeneyo anali umakhudza miyambo apanyanja. mabizinesi onse anamanga pafupifupi pa gombe. kusefukira kwa madzi nthawi zonse ndi nyengo aakulu Kodi kukopa anthu. Koma kuyambira 1712, mzinda analengeza likulu. Madzulo boma anabwera kuno, nyumba ya Senate ndi akazembe. Iwo anakakhalanso ndi nyumba yachifumu.

Pofuna kukhala mzindawo unali pang'ono zakutchire. Mokulirapo anthu kufika pa akufunira wa mfumu. Mu 1725, kunali 25-30 zikwi anthu St. Petersburg, pamene nthawi eyiti zambiri mu Moscow. Kenako nyumba ya St. Petersburg anali anthu wamba ndi antchito, amene ankachita ntchito yomanga maofesi atsopano.

Koma pambuyo pa imfa Petro, mu 1725, chitukuko chaleka. Capital kachiwiri zinachitika mu Moscow. mzindawo pa Neva Mtsinje anali atasamukamo. Local sanali, monga anthu amenewa anali anthu wamba amene anabwerera kunyumba. Iye anapita ku malo akale okhala ndi anzeru. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi chakuti woyamba n'kupuma manda anakhazikitsidwa yekha mu 1738.

mzinda wa mafumu

Nyumba ya St. Petersburg anawonongedwa. Awonjezedwa mavuto moto awiri ndipo chigumula pachaka. Tikumbukenso kuti tipeze kamangidwe, amene lero monyadira mudzi, izo sizinali. kutsindika Petro pa mbali asilikali. Nyumba anali ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri ndi kukonzekera kukachita nkhondo ndi mdani.

Mfundo za wokonzanso kwambiri anapitiriza mfumukazi Anna Ivanovna. Mwa lamulo la chaka cha 1737 analenga komiti amene cholinga - kubwezeretsa dongosolo chitukuko mzindawo. Atsegula sukulu khumi. Kenako kutsogolera chakuti mzindawu wakhala kuchimake kwa chikhalidwe.

Zosangalatsa za St. Petersburg ndi kugwirizana ndi zatchulidwazi Petro ndi Paulo Linga. View, amene amalemekezedwa alendo lero - ntchito si mfumu yoyamba ndi mwana wake Elizabeti. Kuti iye anachita kufotokoza mukudabwa mapulani a malo a asilikali.

Ndinaika kwambiri khama ndiponso Catherine II. Ndipotu iye anali amene anamanga likulu kumpoto. Zikomo kwa iye, apo panali mmodzi wa ziboliboli wotchuka - Mkuwa pamahatchi. Izi chithunzi dzina anapereka ndakatulo A. S. Pushkin. Ndipotu chosema akuponyedwa mu zamkuwa.

nkhani wowongolera

mzinda, omwe anasiya Peter, anali osauka kwambiri. Chinthu chokha chimene Catherine Wachiwiri anatenga ntchito choyamba - ndi St. Petersburg dera. Munthu anamanga za mtengo ndi dothi kwake bwino pa mzere kuti anali chachilendo ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa kwa ndiye anthu.

Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti munthu mmodzi yekha mwala nyumba inamangidwa pa moyo wa mfumu pa chaka. Koma Mfumukazi amapangidwa akuzigawo tawuni ntchito yaluso. Kuti wapanga ambiri zakale kuti ankati a Peter Wamkulu. Mu ulamuliro wake linamangidwa nsanja zokhalamo bwino ndipo anadzala minda zobiriwira wa St. Petersburg. Kukula akasupe ndi embankments.

nthano zambiri mu fuko anapezerapo Pushkin. Ntchito anthuwo anaphunzira za City.

Iwo sanaime chitukuko cha ndipo pa kusintha kwa boma. Ngakhale isanayambe nkhondo yachiwiri ya World m'mudzi anthu oposa mamiliyoni awiri. Anthu a likulu kumpoto wopyoza kusintha atatu.

Mtima ndi wamphamvu sanasinthe iwo pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Kuzinga Leningrad anatsimikizira kuti St. Petersburg gulu - okonda dziko lawo wa dziko lawo.

dziko la chofukizira mbiri

Today mzinda limapereka zambiri zosangalatsa ngakhale alendo ambiri owonongedwa. Iwo analanda osati zachifumu, nyumba ndi minda ya St. Petersburg. Alendo kubwera kwa mlengalenga, amene ali olemera mu malo awa. Chachiwiri Venice (wotchedwa mzinda uno) - umodzi mwa mizinda kwambiri chikondi mu dziko.

Pali mfundo imene zakale Leningrad nayo umboni kwa chiwerengero cha milatho pa mita. Ndipotu, ngakhale kuti 10% ya gawo lawo wotanganidwa ndi madzi, nkhaniyi - kuonera. The Championship limabweretsa Hamburg, Germany, kumene alipo 2300. Mu St. Petersburg, ndi machitidwe osiyana ochuluka, kuposa 1,000 awo.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, likulu akuyendera pa chaka alendo 2 miliyoni. Aliyense wa iwo amaona kuti ndi mwayi wamtengo wapatali kwa miyendo ndi kuona St. Petersburg usiku. Makamaka otchuka ili nthawi ya tsiku mu nyengo ya ku mochedwa May mpaka m'ma July. Izo ndiye merges ndi madzulo ndi m'mawa mzinda ndi kumizidwa mu kuwala koyera.

m'mlengalenga wosangalatsa

luntha ndi likulu la chikhalidwe chawo ndi wokongola osati miyezi yotentha. Makamaka wokongola yozizira St. Petersburg. Russian nthawi zonse makamaka waubwenzi kwa nyengo. Kuzizira ndi chisanu wofuka anthu amaona mphatso za chilengedwe. Poyamba, pamene nyengo inali mkati pacimake ntchito m'misewu ya bonfire kuti odutsa akhoza konzekera. Lerolino mzindawo amakondwera ndi malo omwera ofunda ndi odyera kumene mungasangalale mchere chikhalidwe mzinda - donuts.

Zosangalatsa za St. Petersburg akhoza lotengeka umasinthasintha. Izi malo ochitira masewero, zakale, luso ndi mpweya mwapadera wabwino.