Kiprensky, chithunzi cha Pushkin. "Ndikudziwona ndekha pagalasi ..."

Kulingalira kuti kukula konse kwa umunthu wodalenga ndi ntchito nthawi zambiri kosatheka, makamaka kwa anthu. Ojambula ambiri amayesa kufotokoza tanthauzo la luso la Pushkin kudzera mu luso labwino.

Ena mwa iwo - Orest Adamovich Kiprensky. Chithunzi cha Pushkin cha burashi ya ojambula ndi chitsanzo chosavuta cha zojambula bwino kwambiri za nthawi ya Chiroma, zomwe ziri ndi tanthauzo losatha.

Mphunzitsi wachikondi chojambula

Wojambula wa sukulu yapamwamba yophunzitsa maphunziro, wobadwa mu 1782, anali mwana wamasiye wa mwini nyumba wa Russia. Kiprensky anakhala mmodzi mwa akatswiri ojambula zithunzi a ku Russia amene analandira kwenikweni ku Ulaya. Academy of Fine Arts ya Florence inamuuza yekha chithunzi, chokhala mu Nyumba za Uffizi. Wojambulayo adafa mu 1836 ku Roma, pokhala pulofesa ku Imperial Academy of Arts ku St. Petersburg, membala wa Neapolitan Academy.

Ndalama ya Kiprensky ndi yosiyana ndi tanthauzo la luso. Mmenemo pali zithunzi zongopeka, zodzala ndi malingaliro. Koma zida zabwino kwambiri ndizophatikizapo luso lapamwamba la kujambula ndi kusokonekera maganizo. Zithunzi za bambo wolimbikitsayo wa ojambula - A.K. Schwalbe, msilikali wa Nkhondo Yachikristu, E.V. Davydov, wolemba ndakatulo VA. Zhukovsky, fabulist IA. Krylov ndi Kiprensky weniweni. Chithunzi cha Pushkin - chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri za luso lojambula la mbuye.

Mnzanga wa Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum

Wolemba ndakatulo ndi mtolankhani Baron Anton Antonovich Delvig (1798-1831) anali mmodzi wa mabwenzi apamtima a Pushkin. Iwo adayamikira kwambiri mphatso ya ndakatulo ndi makhalidwe aumunthu wina ndi mzake kuyambira Lyceum. Delvig anali wofulumira kuposa ena onse kuti amvetse kukula kwa lingaliro la Pushkin. Mu 1827, adalamula yekha fano la bwenzi lake, ndipo m'nyumba mwake Kiprensky adajambula zithunzi za Pushkin. Kulemba kwa Delvig kwa elegies ndi idylls kunakhala chitsanzo kwa Pushkin wachinyamata, ndipo izi mwa njira zambiri zidakonzeratu mapangidwe a ndakatulo wamkulu.

Kumayambiriro kwa imfa ya Anton Antonovich anadabwa kwambiri ndi bwenzi lake lapamtima. Pushkin anasamalira ana amasiye ndipo moyo wake wonse anakumbukira Delvig mu vesi. Iye sanaiwale chithunzi chomwe Kiprensky analemba. Chithunzi cha Pushkin chinaperekedwa kwa oloŵa nyumba a Delvig ndipo chimawononga ndalama zambiri kale. Koma Alexander Sergeyevich anagula izo ndipo anazisunga kufikira imfa yake.

"Miniti - ndi ndakatulo zidzatuluka momasuka ..."

Wolemba ndakatuloyu akuwonetsedwa m'chiuno mwa chovala choda chakuda chakuda chakuda ndi chovala chokhala ndi chovala pa phewa lake. Manja ndi Napoleonic pachifuwa. Kumbuyo ndi chithunzi cha ndakatulo zoimba za Erato ndi lyre m'manja mwake. Nkhope ndi manja ndi misomali yaitali yakale imawunikira mwamphamvu ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakopeka.

Anthu ambiri amawatcha chithunzichi chizindikiro. Pali zizindikiro zonse za chikumbutso ndi chikhalidwe: zazikuluzikulu zojambula, zizindikiro za kukhala ndi luso lapamwamba. Koma osati Kiprensky yekha ankafuna kuchita izi. Chithunzi cha Pushkin chiri chakuya kwambiri. Malingaliro a wolemba ndakatulo - malingaliro ndi zochitika pamoyo, kudzoza ndi kusadziletsa, kuzindikira za luso lake ndi ufulu wake.

Zambiri zimawoneka mwachidule cha ndakatulo kwa ife - mbadwa zomwe zimadziwa tsogolo lachidziwitso. Chithunzi cha Pushkin cha Kiprensky chinalembedwa pamene ndakatuloyo inayenera kukhala zaka khumi. Zaka khumizi zinaphatikizapo zojambula zopangidwa kale za Boldin Autumn ndi zolinga zazikulu zomwe sizinakwaniritsidwe. Patsogolo - zaka za banja zokondwa ndi chisokonezo chachuma, kulemekeza ena ena ndi kulemekeza mwaukali kwa ena. Padzakhala imfa yopweteka komanso moyo wosafa. Kodi izi si zomwe timaziwona pa Pushkin?

"Inu mwalenga kachiwiri, wizara wokongola,

Ine, nyama ya muses woyera ... "

Wolemba ndakatulo amene adawona ndakatuloyo adawona kulongosola kwabwino kwa mbuye yemwe adajambula Pushkin. Kiprensky adatha kufotokoza maonekedwe onse a wolemba ndakatulo ndi moyo wake waukulu. Bambo wa ndakatulo, Sergei Lvovich, adatcha kuti kujambula ndiko kuwonetsera kwenikweni kwa zinthu zakuthupi ndi zauzimu za mwana wake wamkulu.

Maonekedwe a ndakatuloyu ankadziwikiratu ndi magulu akuluakulu a nthawi pokhapokha ndi chithunzi chochepa chachinyamata chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagazini yoyamba ya "Akapolo a ku Caucasus" (1822).

Zithunzi za Pushkin (Kiprensky ndi Tropinin - masters odziwika) zinalembedwa pafupifupi nthawi imodzi. Anapatsa owerenga Russian mwayi woti awone mawonekedwe ake akunja. Kuchokera kwa iwo kunalembedwa zojambulajambula, zomwe zinapezeka m'nyumba zambiri za ku Russia komanso kudutsa malire ake. Ndi kwa iwo wolemba ndakatulo anayamba kuzindikira alendo.

Chithunzi cha ntchito ya Vasiliy Andreevich Tropinin inayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi anthu a m'nthaŵi yake. Mofanana ndi ntchito ya Kiprensky ndi kukwera kwake kwa chithunzithunzi, iye adasiyanitsidwa ndi chiyanjano chachikulu ndi ndakatulo zachikondi. Chithunzichi chinaperekedwa ndi Pushkin yekha kuti apereke mphatso kwa bwenzi - SA Sobolevsky, ndipo anayenera kugogomezera kufunika kwa moyo wapadera wokhalapo m'nthaŵi ya Romanticism. Koma palinso wolemba ndakatulo akuyang'ana poyamba monga chonyamulira cha malingaliro apamwamba, opanda ulesi wa uzimu ndi mtendere wosangalatsa.

Ali ndi Pushkin

Pushkin ankakonda nthabwala pa "Arapian" zake, ndipo ngakhale kuti ankakonda chifaniziro cha Kiprensky, iye amamuona iye akunyengerera ndipo amamutcha "wojambula wamatsenga". Koma mtengo wa master masterpiece ndi wovuta kuchepetsa. Kiprensky sanangokhala chithunzi chozizwitsa cha anzeru, adawonetsa nkhope ya munthu ali ndi moyo wovuta komanso wovuta, omwe malingaliro ake ndi ntchito zake zinayika maziko a chinenero chamakono ndi chikhalidwe cha mibadwo yotsatira ya anthu athu.