"Kugwa kwa Icarus" - nyimbo yosalemekeza

Peter Bruegel Mkulu akuonedwa ngati wojambula. Zojambula zake zimasonyeza zojambula zochokera ku anthu wamba komanso anthu a m'matauni omwe amadya, amasewera, amasewera paukwati, alima munda. Koma nthawi ndi nthawi m'mitu yosavuta imeneyi amachititsa ziphunzitso kapena nthano za m'Baibulo. Malingaliro a wojambula waluso pa nkhaniyi ndi osadabwitsa ndi ovuta. Ichi ndi chithunzi cha Kugwa kwa Icarus kwa Bruegel.

The Crime of Daedalus

Daedalus anali katswiri wamisiri wa ku Atene, yemwe anali mbadwa ya mfumu yoyamba yopeka ya Atene. Anthu ake a Hellas ankadziwa ndi kulemekezedwa chifukwa cha luso ndi luso. Koma tsiku lina adamuchitira nsanje mphwake ndi mwana wake. Daedalus ankaganiza kuti wophunzirayo akanatha kumugonjetsa, kuti mnyamatayu ayenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa wojambula bwino kwambiri: mchimwene wake adatsika kudzoza pamene adawona kayendetsedwe ndi nsagwada za njoka ndipo amafuna kupanga macheka. Mu moyo wa Daedalus zonse zinachokera ku kaduka, ndipo adaponyera wophunzira m'nyanja kuchokera kuchigwa cha Acropolis. Koma mulungu wamkazi Athena analetsa imfa yonse ya mnyamatayu, kumupangira gawolo (zithunzi zake zojambula "Kugwa kwa Icarus" zidzawoneka pazenera).

Thawani

Komabe, milunguyo inalanga Daedalus, atatumiza ku chilumba cha Krete, kumene mwana wake Icarus anabadwira. Daedalus anakonza zoti athawe ndi mwana wake ku Krete ndipo adalenga mapiko a nthenga ndi sera. Anafotokozera mwana wake momveka bwino kuti kunali koyenera kuti aziuluka komanso kuti asakhale wapamwamba, koma osati otsika. Koma Icarus, atatengedwa ndi ufulu wouthawa, atakwera kwambiri. Sera ya mapiko inasungunuka. Zotsatira zake, Icarus adagwera m'nyanja, ndipo adamira. Thupi lake linanyamula zamakono kupita ku chilumba, kumene anapeza ndi Hercules ndi kuperekedwa pansi. Motero, mlandu wa Daedalus motsutsana ndi mphwake unali kubwezera mwankhanza.

Moyo wamtendere

Mbali yapakati ya zolembazo akuyimira wolima yemwe nkhope zake siziwona. Ichi ndi chithunzi cha Brueghel. Wachimwene, amene palibe yemwe adawopa kuika pakatikati, akugwira ntchito mwakachetechete. Mwa njira, uyu ndi khalidwe lachiwiri, koma amakopa chidwi. Tsikulo liri lomveka ndi lokongola. Wolima amakhala wodzaza ndi malingaliro ake pa kufesa, momwe mphukira idzathere, ndi ngati zokolola zidzakhala zabwino. Chiwerengero cha anthu osauka ndi osiyana kwambiri, amachititsa udindo waukulu, monga momwe zinaliri ndi zithunzi za Brueghel. Kotero, mlimi ali chete ndipo sazindikira chilichonse chomuzungulira. Palibe kayendedwe kameneka, Ikasi plowman sichidandaula.

Wetani ndi kutumiza

Komabe, mbusa, amene amayang'anira gulu la nkhosa pamphepete mwa chigwa, akuyang'ana kumwamba ndi kudabwa. Kumeneko iye adawona chimodzi chosachitikapo. Mwina iye sanamvetse ngakhale chomwe icho chinali. Ndipo pamwamba pa mlengalenga mwa mantha, Daedalus anayenda. Anawona kuti mwanayo, akuiwala malangizo ake, anafika ku dzuwa ndipo anali atagwa kale m'nyanja. M'nyanjayo mbusa samayang'ana. Ndipo pafupi ndi apo pali chombo. Pa icho, nayonso, chirichonse chiri chete. Palibe amene amadziwa kuti akumira ndipo safulumira kumuthandiza. Kuchokera ku Icarus, ngati mutayang'ana mwatcheru, pali phazi limodzi lokha pamwamba. Zambiri kuposa izi ndi nthenga zambirimbiri kuchokera mapiko palibe. Koma ngati wina akuwona zomwe zikuchitika, ndiwotchedwa grayridge, atakhala pamtunda, pamwamba pa nsodzi wodekha, yemwe akufunanso pa bizinesi yake ndipo sakuzindikira kuti ikumira. Chidwi chachikulu cha partridge ku zomwe zikuchitika ndi zomveka: ndibwezeredwa. Chibwezero chachitika. Ichi ndi chiwembu cha chithunzi "Kugwa kwa Icarus".

Malo

Zonsezi zimachitika potsatizana ndi mtendere wamtendere, okondedwa ndi Brueghel. Maonekedwe a brownish kumaso kwa dziko lapansi ndi mitengo yautali pa yachiwiri, nyanja yosalala bwino, yosambitsidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndi malo omwe amawonekera ku Dutch. Ndipo chithunzi chonsecho chikuunikiridwa ndi kuwala kwake, kupereka moyo ku zamoyo zonse.

Ngati Daedalus anali wolakwa, ndiye kuti ayenera kulangidwa, osati mnyamata, amene imfa yake inali yopanda chidwi kwa anthu onse omwe ali pachithunzichi. Kusayanjanitsika ndi kusayanjanitsika ndizo anthu ofunika kwambiri, omwe Bruegel ("Fall of Icarus") adalenga. Izi zapeza kupitilira mu miyoyo yathu: Munthu amapita ndi vuto la wina ndi kutayika kopanda kanthu ndi mawu opanda pake.