Zovuta pojambula: mbiriyakale, kufotokoza njira. Oimira otchuka kwambiri a Pointillism

Zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi za m'ma 2000 zinali zatsopano muzojambula. Ojambula ayesa zambiri, akuyang'ana mawonekedwe atsopano komanso zowonjezera. Ndipo chifukwa cha kufufuza kotero, pointillism inawonekera mu kujambula. Tiyeni tiyankhule za chomwe chirichindunji chake, amene anachikonza ndi amene amadziwika kwambiri mwa kalembedwe kameneka.

Kutanthauza tanthauzo

Dzina la kalembedwe "nthano" limachokera ku mawu achifaransa akuti "dot". Kuchokera ku liwu lomwelo limapezeka, mwachitsanzo, dzina la mabotolo a ballet - mapepala. Dzinali likugwirizana ndi zenizeni za luso labwino. Zovuta pazojambula, motero, zikhoza kusankhidwa ngati ndondomeko ya "mfundo".

Mbiri ya Pointillism

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, akatswiri ojambula a ku France ankafufuza kafukufuku pazomwe amaganiza, fizikiki ndi mtundu wa maganizo. Iwo ankafuna kupeza zida zomwe zingalolere wolembayo kufotokoza zolinga zake ndi uthenga waumtima kwa wowonayo. Kafukufuku wa mtundu wa Eugene Chevrel wokhudzana ndi mitundu yosiyana pakati pa wina ndi mzake ndi chiphunzitso cha Ogden Rud chokhudza maonekedwe a mitundu inapangitsa kuti ayesedwe ndi kufufuza kwatsopano. Komanso pa nthawi ino pali zifukwa zazikulu zokhudza psychology ya mtundu, chizindikiro chake ndi chikoka chake pa maganizo-maganizo maganizo a munthu. Maphunziro onse a sayansiwa amachititsa kuti ojambula amayamba kuyandikira njira yowoneka bwino m'njira yatsopano. Panthawiyi, Impressionists anali kuyesa mwatsatanetsatane mwayi wopangira kuwala ndi mpweya ndi madzi. Anayesa kufotokozera mwachidwi, kayendedwe kake ka kayendedwe ka zinthu zakuthupi. Zipangizo zamakono sizinawapatse mwayi wotero. Chifukwa cha kufufuza ndi kuyesera mu 1885 pali pointillism mu kujambula. Kodi chikhalidwechi ndi chodabwitsa bwanji?

Njira ndi njira ya pointillism mu kujambula

Dzina la kalembedweli likulankhula kale za zofunikira za momwe akulembera. Wojambula amalemba m'mabwalo ang'onoang'ono a square. Kuzungulira kwake kukufanana ndi gulu la butterfly, lomwe limakhudza kansalu kamodzi kokha ndikuchokanso. Koma chofunika cha njirayi sikuti ndipadera kupatula utoto wosanjikiza pamwamba pa nsalu. Kufufuza kwa zotsatira zapadera kwa owona kunayambitsa pointillism mu kujambula. Momwe mungathere kuti muwonetsere kukongola kwa nthawi ya chilengedwe ndi malingaliro kuchokera nthawi yomwe wojambulayo adawona? Limenelo ndilo funso lalikulu lomwe ojambula adadzifunsayo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20. Ojambula a ku France, otsogoleredwa ndi sayansi zowoneka mu maonekedwe a mtundu ndi kuwala, komanso kudzera mwa kupezeka kwa kujambula, zomwe zinalemba nthawi yomweyi, anayamba kuyesa kuyika kwa utoto pazitsulo. Ndipo mfundollism inali imodzi mwa njira zatsopano zamakono. Zithunzi za kalembedwe kameneka sizinasakanike pazithunzithunzi, monga momwe zinalili muzojambula zakale, koma zinayikidwa mu mawonekedwe oyambirira pamagulu ang'onoang'ono. Ndipo chiwerengero nthawi zonse chimakhala chosiyana, molingana ndi mzere wozungulira, mzere. Tsamba lofiira pamtunda wobiriwira, wachikasu - ndi buluu, ndi zina zotero. Izi zinathandiza kuti diso lizindikire mpweya wabwino ndi kuwala. Poganizira chithunzithunzicho, diso laumwini linapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu, ndipo zinthu zambiri zinkatengedwa. Njira ya pointillism ndi yovuta komanso yovuta. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi kukongoletsa kwake ndi kulemetsa kwake. Koma ojambulawo sanawopseze ntchito yotereyi, monga adalola kuti athetse ntchitoyi.

Oyambitsa

Mu 1885 kalembedwe katsopano kanapezeka mu kujambula - pointsllism, kubadwa kwake kukugwirizana, choyamba, ndi dzina la wojambula wa ku France Georges Sulfur. Anakhumudwa kwambiri ndi njira yachidule yokongola ndipo anafuna kupeza zolemba zake. Chifukwa cha ichi ankaphunzira ntchito za sayansi pamfundo ya mtundu. Anakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kafukufuku wa sayansi komanso zamagetsi, komanso za mtundu wa Charles Blanc. Sulfure anakana mwamphamvu njira yodzikongoletsa yojambula, pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Anakhulupilira kuti wojambulayo ayenera kupitiliza kuchokera kuzinthu za sayansi. Mlengi, mwa lingaliro lake, sayenera kudalira kudzoza kapena kutengeka kwakanthawi, koma ayenera kuwerengera mosamala phazi lirilonse pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha psychophysiological ndi zakuthupi. Zomwe anazipeza m'mayendedwe a sayansi yamitundu, wojambula woyamba adakambidwa ndi chiphunzitso cha chromoluminarism, ndipo kenako adalimbikitsa njira yatsopano - divisionism kapena pointsllism. Mu 1884-86 iye analemba zolemba zazikulu, zomwe zinadzatchuka kwambiri - "Lamlungu masana pa chilumba cha Grand Jat." Ukulu wake - awiri ndi mamita atatu, wapangidwa kuti aziwonekera patali. Ntchitoyi inakhala yopambana. Mwamwayi, Sera sanakwanitse kulimbikitsa chiphunzitso chake ndikuchigwiritsira ntchito ntchito zake, adafa ali wamng'ono, ndipo m'tsogolomu malangizowa akugwirizana ndi dzina la wophunzira wake, yemwe kale anali wojambula bwino Paul Signac.

Zojambula zopanga

Anali Signac amene adabweretsa chiphunzitsocho kwa mtheradi ndipo adawuza dziko kuti ndi chiyani chomwe chili pazojambula. Zithunzi-zowonjezera za ntchito zake zinkawoneka m'magazini ndi pamakalata, chifukwa anali okongoletsera komanso osadabwitsa. Signac sikuti analemba kokha komanso zojambulajambula zake zomwe zinapangitsa kuti azikhala angwiro, komanso adalemba ntchito yaikulu "Kuchokera ku Eugene Delacroix kupita ku Neo-Impressionism", yomwe inakhala ngati buku la ojambula otsogolera. Wojambulayo makamaka ankalemba zolemba, ndipo njira ya dotolo imamulola kuti akwaniritse mlengalenga komanso mlengalenga. Ndiponso, Signac anayesera zithunzi ndi zojambula zakuda ndi zoyera. Kupambana ndi zotsatira zosazolowereka za ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito pointillism zinakopeka ndi ojambula ena opambana. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, Camille Pissarro anagwira ntchito kumapeto kwa moyo wake, Van Gogh anayesera mphamvu zake. Ambiri otchuka anali S. Angrand, M. Luce, T. van Reiselberg, A. Loje, A. E. Cross. Ndondomeko iyi siidatayika kufunikira kwake mpaka lero. Koma panalibe maulendo oterewa monga kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi 2000. Ambiri odziwika kwambiri masiku ano ndi Benjamin Laading ndi Miguel Endara.

Ntchito yogwira ntchito

Zojambula zamakono zojambula pazithunzi zikuyimiridwa ndi ntchito za Georges Sere: Circus, Ships at Sea, Asoneres ku Asnieres ndi Paul Signac: Ulendo ku Marseille, Kadzutsa, Venice, Cloud Pink. Komanso ntchito za kuyesera za Van Gogh "Wofesa ndi Sunset", A. Matisse "Parrot Tulips", zojambula ndi K. Pissarro "Hampton", "Haymaking ku Eranji", "Ana m'bwalo la nyumbayo." Masiku ano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira imeneyi ndizojambula bwino, zomwe museums ndi osonkhanitsa amasaka. Pambuyo pake, zojambula zoterozo ndizochepa, ndipo ndizo zovuta zenizeni.