Kant, "wunika wa Koyera Kuganiza": kutsutsa, zili

Makamaka, anthu amakono ku lingaliro la nzeru zapamwamba, amene anakhala zaka zambiri asanabadwe. Choncho, aliyense amafuna mayankho a mafunso awo, ankauza kapena kukana kwina, kupeza njira zawo kapena adzautaya. Philosophy - ziri kwathunthu sizimadziwika sayansi anafotokoza mawu sangakhale mpaka kumapeto. Choncho, kuyang'ana pa zinthu mfundo imeneyi mungathe mwamtheradi aliyense. Kotero, m'modzi wa oimira kwambiri nzeru za German chimagwiritsidwa ankamuona ngati Immanuel Kant. moyo wake zogwirizana ndi awiri nyengo: kufufuza choonadi ndi Romanticism. Mwina chifukwa cha ichi ntchito yake ndi chidwi ndi ndimaganiza kwambiri zosayembekezereka, ndi waluntha.

Mbiri ya Immanuel Kant

German nzeru zapamwamba anabadwa mu 1724. banja lake anali osauka, koma mnyamata anapatsidwa maphunziro wapamwamba anthu osankhika a sukulu ya galamala "Friedrichs-Collegium". Mu 1740, Kant analowa yunivesite, koma kuti amalize maphunziro ake analephera. Chifukwa chochitika wachisoni imfa ya Immanuel atate wake, kenako mnyamata anakhala breadwinner waukulu wa banja. Komabe, wasayansi German anapeza njira kupulumutsidwa ndi kuyamba kuphunzitsa kunyumba. Choncho Kant wagwira ntchito kwa zaka khumi, amene sanali pachabe, chifukwa pa nthawi anali kufotokoza zolemba pamaphunziro ake kupeza digiri wake, kukhala ndi kufalitsa kungoganizira dziko za chiyambi cha dongosolo dzuwa, komanso anali kuphunzitsa pa yunivesite. Popeza adapitilira zambiri zochitika zosasangalatsa, amene akutchedwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri 'nkhondo (1758-1762 gg.), Kant anayamba chigawo chatsopano cha ntchito yake. Njirayi imatchedwa "ovuta".

Magawo a ntchito ndi nzeru zapamwamba German

Tiyeni akukhala pa ntchito nzeru zapamwamba lopambana. Pamaso kulemba ntchito "The wunika wa Koyera Kuganiza", mwachidule zomwe lero mukhoza kuwerenga aliyense, Immanuel Kant ntchito pa malingaliro dziko kuika patsogolo mfundo za chiyambi cha mafuko a anthu, anapereka gulu la mibadwo ya nyama, anaphunzira mafunde pa dziko, ntchito yawo ndi malo mu moyo Earth. zikayenda zonsezi tsopano "subcritical" siteji ya zilandiridwenso. Onse ntchito pambuyo 1770 zoyenera epistemology, mavuto akamabadwa aliko, cognition anthu, boma, makhalidwe ndi aesthetics.

"Tili" siteji ya zilandiridwenso Kant ndi

Kuyambira 1770, ntchito Immanuel Kant ndi unadziwika ngati "ovuta". Zinali nthawi imeneyi kuti analemba ntchito bwino nzeru zaumunthu, umene tsopano ankaona kwambiri ndi kwambiri woganiza za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Tikumbukenso kuti ntchito ya sayansi German anali wapadera ndi zoona kuti iwo ndi kukopa mu tsiku lathu. za akatswiri ambiri amatsatira ntchito Kant, kudalira maganizo ake ndi maganizo. Ntchito yotchuka kwambiri ya Immanuel Kant kuti "wunika wa Koyera Chifukwa," "wunika ya Kulingalira othandiza" ndi "wunika la Chiweruzo". Iwo anafotokoza motere: epistemology, chikhalidwe, aesthetics.

Kant ndi ulamuliro wankhanza

Pa siteji ena thanzi moyo ndi umoyo wa nzeru zapamwamba za utaipa kwambiri. Kuti apitirize kugwira ntchito kuphunzira za dziko, nokha, ena, Kant anayamba munthu mode zovuta. Akukhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha iye Emanueli anakwanitsa moyo chotero ndi moyo wautali ndi anamwalira patapita cha abwenzi ake.

The credo chachikulu cha nzeru zapamwamba anali kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru zake pa zinthu zonse. Mu maganizo ake, uyu ayenera kukhala ndi mtima weniweni. Information ku zinsinsi za Kant akhoza kundiuza kuti sizinayambe m'banja. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti unyamata wake iye sakanakhoza kupereka munthu amene anasankhidwa (mwakuthupi), koma pamene nkhani linathera, nzeru zapamwamba alibe mtima kukwatira. Mwina chifukwa cha zinsinsi Immanuel Kant kulemba ntchito yaikulu chotero, kuphatikizapo "The wunika wa Koyera Kuganiza" - ntchito ofunika.

Kant ndi ntchito nzeru zaumunthu

Akukhulupirira kuti Immanuel Kant anali atatu okha ntchito yaikulu imene ndikusintha moyo worldview anthu ambiri m'dzikoli. Pambuyo 1770 nzeru zapamwamba ntchito pa mabuku awo, koma mu 1781 iye anatha kusindikiza koyamba kwa iwo.

"Wunika wa Koyera Kuganiza" - ndi maziko a mabuku awiri lotsatira. Mwina ena a iwo amaoneka osiyana kwambiri, koma ubale wawo ndi indissoluble. Akulongosola ntchito Immanuel Kant motere: kutsutsa - ndicho chinsinsi kuphunzira malingaliro munthu mwini. Choncho, anthu onse ayenera mokwanira yekha thanzi, komanso kuti akuufuna. Iyi ndi njira anthu amuone kupyolera mu chidutswa cha maganizo ake. "Wunika wa Koyera Kuganiza" (Immanuel Kant) zounikira nkhani danga la nthawi, mwina mothandizidwa ndi ntchito maganizo kutsimikizira kuti kuli Mulungu, ndi zina zotero.

Kant kuganizira za ntchito yawo yoyamba kwa zaka zoposa khumi, kotero mawu aliwonse amatchulidwa ntchito ndi moyenera ndipo ali ndi lingaliro, kuti muwerenge pakati pa mizere. Komabe, kulemba 'wunika wa Koyera Chifukwa "Immanuel anatenga miyezi yochepa.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za mankhwala

Mwina pofuna kumvetsa zimene uli pangozi, m'pofunika kuti mufotokozere ntchito "wunika wa Koyera Kuganiza" mwachidule. Zikatero n'zotheka kukambirana zinthu zina zokhudza ntchito. Koma mmene kokha pamene anthu kuwerenga chinthu chonsecho, taganizani za chiganizo ndipo ngati bukhu. Ndiye anthu ndi mafunso, kuganiza kuti onse chimodzimodzi ngati kuuza ena nzeru zapamwamba German.

Ndithu sizimadziwika munthu Immanuel Kant. "Wunika wa Koyera Kuganiza" zatsimikiziridwa, popeza palibe munthu agonjera amange ndi changwiro zimenezi, zinalembedwa kuti masiku ochepa padziko lonse. Choncho, chikhalidwe cha ntchito - ndi chidziwitso cha m'maganizo. njira imodzi kuchita ntchito imeneyi ndi kutsutsa. Kuti ali pansi pa kuthamanga maganizo malingaliro athu amachitira mwachirendo zimene zikuchitika. Ndikumudziwa, m'pofunika kuyamba kutsutsa. Komabe, aliyense amaona kufunika kwa ntchito payekha.

Akamanena za ntchito Kant ndi

Nditawerenga ntchito zimene Kant analemba ( "wunika wa Koyera Kuganiza"), anthu ambiri analenga si kwathunthu bwino chithunzi. Ichi ndi chifukwa ntchito imakhala ndi mbali ziwiri: chiphunzitso transcendental mfundo ndi njira. ntchito Kant ndi mfundo yaikulu, ndiko kulumikiza zidutswa za zinthu zimene ali kumbali zomenyanazo mfundo. "Wunika wa Koyera Kuganiza" Kant - ndi mfundo limodzi. Choncho, anthu amene analankhulana ndi nzeru zapamwamba za iye ankadziwa kalembedwe kulemba ndi malingaliro. Komabe nthawi zambiri wowerenga angathe kukhala zovuta poyamba kumvetsa tanthauzo lalikulu la ntchito. Kuti tipewe zimenezi, tiyenera mosamala yekha ndi pang'onopang'ono kuwerenga ntchito nzeru zapamwamba German.

Mu "wunika wa Koyera Kuganiza" Emanueli Kant limatiuza za malo ndi nthawi ya siyana ya kulingalira ndi antinomy ake. Iye akuyamba ntchito yake ndi ziweruzo zachilendo gulu. Choncho, owerenga ndi yodziwa mitundu ake atatu: kupanga, mawunikidwe ndi zolemba. Komanso m'lembali ali onse mwatsatanetsatane anafotokoza. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga zomwenso lagona mphamvu yake kupenda zinthu zatsopano. Analytical zingasonyeze katundu wa nkhani inayake, koma zolemba sayenera onani n'loonadi ake.

Komanso, mu ntchito yake "wunika wa Koyera Kuganiza", mwachidule zomwe kwake chimango oodnoy Nkhani n'zosatheka, allocated wapadera wa chiweruzo, monga ngati ophatikizana (mwachitsanzo, + kupanga ndi zolemba).

Zamkatimu

Ntchito "wunika wa Koyera Kuganiza" idzafotokoza zingapo, monga tatchulazi. Komanso ntchito ali ndi mawu oyamba ndi oyamba. Mbali yoyamba - chiphunzitso transcendental mfundo - ndi mbali ziwiri, monga aesthetics ndi mfundo zomveka. Chipika woyamba ndi za malo ndi nthawi. Palinso ena kuzipenya ambiri ndi mfundo ya chigawo. Chipika chachiwiri ndi lalikulu, kuti tichipeza mabuku angapo: malingaliro a analytics, mfundo yofunika, malingaliro chifukwa wangwiro, maganizo ake dialectical ndi ntchito. Gawo lachiwiri - chiphunzitso transcendental njira - tichipeza oyamba ndi machaputala anayi: chilango, ovomerezeka, architectonic ndi mbiri ya chifukwa koyera.

Choncho, ntchito yakuti "wunika wa Koyera Kuganiza" imatengedwa kuti opondapo, kusanthula zomwe zimafuna nthawi ndi khama. Koma sindikanafuna kuwerenga ntchito chidwi nzeru zapamwamba German m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, Mawu aliwonse a omwe si mwamwayi.

wotsutsa Reviews

Ngati ntchito zonse otchuka, ntchito wunika Immanuel Kant ndi linalembedwa "wunika wa Koyera Kulingalira." Izo n'zogwirizana ndi maganizo osiyana akatswiri ndi ndemanga amene amapereka inferences, maganizo ntchito ya sayansi ndi. Ena amakhulupirira kuti kusanthula chifukwa si atithandiza kuti deta zingakhale zovuta kuyankha mafunso osatha ndi kafukufuku. Choncho, ntchito ntchito Kant si zotheka kuti athe kuwunika ndi zolemba kudziwa zenizeni.

nzeru zonse akuyamba ndi zinachitikira

Immanuel Kant anali kuyesera kuti akupereka owerenga kuti n'zosatheka kuti adziwe chinachake, popanda kumverera kapena ayi analawa izo. Kotero iye anazindikira kuti nzeru akuyamba ndi zinachitikira. Anaika mwatsatanetsatane ntchito yake (kwa kutsutsa ena a "wunika wa Koyera Chifukwa," sakanalola kuti ankakonda), anayesa kuthandiza anthu onse zinachitikira womvetsa chisoni kuti adzalola munthu kudziwa maganizo ake. Sikuti onse, koma ena a iwo, koma izo zikanakhala sitepe pa njira yaitali ndi zovuta. Mwaona nokha ndi kuwerenga Kant zolengedwa kwambiri.