Kayendedwe ka moyo wa trypanosomes. Mitundu ya trypanosomes. majeremusi oopsa

Amadziwika kuti majeremusi sizachilendo kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Iwo kudutsa mu thupi la anthu ndi nyama ndi moyo kumeneko kwa nthawi yaitali. Komabe, osiyanasiyana majeremusi Musatenge chiopsezo ndi zambiri pamaso pawo alibe kuonekera. Zikuphatikizapo giardia, kupha zozungulira, ndi zina zotero .. Nthawi zina, pamaso pa majeremusi izi zimapangitsa lokha anamva zizindikiro monga kuphwanya chopondapo, kupweteka m'mimba. Nthawi zina, m'malo mwake, pamaso pawo ndi imperceptible, ndipo munthu samadziwa nkomwe za kukhalapo kwa zilombo izi. Mawonetseredwe kapena kusapezeka zizindikiro zimadalira siteji ya kayendedwe ka tiziromboti moyo. Koma, pamodzi ndi pafupifupi zolengedwa "chabwinobwino", pali ena amene kukhalapo kumayambitsa matenda aakulu anthu ndi nyama. Chitsanzo ndi trypanosome. Izi chamoyo unicellular kukhala zosiyanasiyana morphological. Izi tiziromboti wa ngozi lilipo chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwake mu thupi ndi cinyama chakupha.

Trypanosome - ndi chiyani ichi?

Ngakhale kuti trypanosome amatanthauza zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi, ndi oopsa kwambiri. Ena mwa matenda amene angathe chifukwa cha parasitism ake, - kudwala Chagas ndi African kaodzera. Ndani wa Matenda amenewa amapezeka munthu amene ali, malingana ndi mtundu wa trypanosomes. The peculiarity wa tiziromboti izi tating'ono kuti sakulabadira zifukwa chitetezo cha m'thupi kulimbana ndi izo. Onyamula trypanosomes - ndi tizilombo. Malingana ndi mtundu wa bakiteriya akhale ogulitsa ake nsikidzi kapena za kambalame zimafalitsa ntchentche. Kayendedwe ka moyo wa trypanosomes ndi kobvuta popeza nthawi wake mkati tizilombo ndi zolengedwa zoyamwitsa morphological chingasinthe mawonekedwe kangapo. Khamu yomaliza anthu ndi nyama (akavalo, agalu) kwa zokhala ndi selo imodzi chamoyo. Ndodo "trypanosome" - ndi parasitic ziyenera, amene sangathe kunja kwa "mbuye". Mpaka analowa m'thupi la tizilombo kapena nyama, luso lawo moyo kwina.

Species ya majeremusi trypanosome

tiziromboti uyu wa trypanosomatids banja. Pali mitundu 2 (magulu) ya zinthu izi unicellular. Pakati pawo:

• Trypanosomes Salivaria - izo ziyenera majeremusi, amene akutumikira monga chotengera cha ntchentche za kambalame zimafalitsa. Chomaliza "mbuye" angathe kukhala aliyense nyama peresenti, ndi munthu. Pa parasitism mwa aliyense wa zazikulu kusintha ndi 2 siteji trypanosomes Saivaria lifecycle. tizilomboto izi zimapezeka mu Africa. Tikafika thupi akufotokozera trypanosomiasis - kaodzera. Kudwala amatanthauza anthropozoonosis ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhudza agwape. Pamene matenda omwe ali oopsa.
• Trypanosomes Stercoraria gulu. Tizirombo wa mtundu uwu ali ofala Latin America. Wapakatikati khamu iwo ali triatominae. Tizilombo uyo posonkhanitsa deta nyama ndi munthu kudwala matenda Chagas. kudwala Zimenezi zimabweretsa matenda a mtima ndi kuphwanya ziwalo zina. Imfa ku matenda ndi 30% ya anthu kachilombo.

mitundu Morphological wa trypanosomes

kalasi trypanosomes amakhala kuti pa moyo wa tizilombo izi zisinthe morphological mawonekedwe awo kangapo. Zimenezi zimawathandiza kuti azolowere onse khamu wapakatikati ndi tiziromboti mu nyama. Pali mitundu zotsatirazi:

• Amastigotnaya (kapena leyshmanioznaya). Tikaonetsetsa trypanosomes kudzera simungathe kutiona mukhoza kuwona chonse kapena maselo chowulungika. Nthawi zambiri, fomu iyi alibe bakiteriya udzakhalire.
• Promastigotnaya. Cell amakhala elongated, izo kinetosome ili kutsogolo. Mu gawo kumbuyo pali bakiteriya udzakhalire (umadutsa bowo laling'ono - thumba). Poyamba, fomu iyi akutchedwa leptomonadnoy.
• Epimastigotnaya (kapena kritidialnaya). Woyambira yodziwika ndi akupita patsogolo. Chifukwa, izo pafupifupi pa ndime ndi phata selo. Mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe yapita, bakiteriya udzakhalire chochokera m'mphepete mwa lalifupi Kakhungu undulating.
• Tripomastigotnaya. Kinetosome ankatembenukira kachiwiri ndipo zimachitika phata selo. Kakhungu Undulating amakhala yaitali onse.
• mitundu Metacyclic ndi olanda yodziwika ndi kupanda wathunthu wa bakiteriya udzakhalire.

Trypanosome mkombero moyo mu thupi la tizilombo ndi

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti majeremusi awa ziyenera, kutanthauza sangathe kupulumuka kunja asilikali. Panopa, popeza trypanosomes kulowa chonyamulira thupi, kutsiriza ndi anatengera ake kwa thupi la nyama kapena munthu, wotchedwa lifecycle. Panthawi imeneyi, tiziromboti kuchulukana ndi magawano, alandira zakudya. Trypanosome moyo mkombero zikuphatikizapo tikusintha motsatizana mu kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe ake. Tiziromboti akulowa thupi la ntchentche za kambalame zimafalitsa mu mawonekedwe tripomastigotnoy. Mwamsanga pambuyo pake, iye akutaya glycocalyx - mfundo ali selo nembanemba. Pasanathe masiku 10 trypanosome chimachititsanso ku ntchentche zapambuyo midgut kutsogolo. Kumeneko, tiziromboti kuchulukana. Ndiye, masiku 8-10, limayenda zina - kuti zopangitsa ndi malovu. Pa nthawi imeneyi, selo tiziromboti ali wokonzeka mokwanira mitochondria chifukwa lili cytochromes zinchito. Kenako, tiziromboti afika mawonekedwe epimastigotnuyu. The malovu zopangitsa kuti wachulukitsa kachiwiri, gawo - amamangiriridwa epithelium lapansi. Siteji yotsatira ya kayendedwe ka moyo ndi kusintha kwa mtundu metacyclic. Pa nthawi imeneyi, trypanosomes Kusiya kugawanitsa, ndi amakadula ku epithelium ndi kulowa lumen wa zopangitsa ndi malovu. The mkombero pafupifupi amatenga masabata 3 mpaka 4. Transformation mu yofanana ena morphological zimachitika mu thupi la khamu chomaliza - ndi nyama kapena munthu.

Trypanosome: gawo lachiwiri la mayendedwe amoyo

Sitepe yotsatira trypanosome moyo mkombero akuyamba ndi ingestion yake yotsiriza khamu - munthu kapena nyama. Iwo kudutsa ndi mbola tizilombo mu mawonekedwe metacyclic. Kamodzi ingested, selo kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe unasintha amastigotnuyu. Mu mawonekedwe a kuchulukana tiziromboti. Mapangidwe pseudocysts. Atagonjetsa mu malo pakati pa maselo, iwo choyamba sanakwiye, ndi mawonekedwe ndiye epimastigotnuyu. Zotsatira tizilombo pa thupi la tiziromboti akuyamba atachita m'magazi. Pali iye akutenga tripomastigotnuyu kutiumba ndi zimakhudza khungu khamu. Kayendedwe ka moyo wa trypanosomes mu thupi lake Mungathe kubwereza kangapo.

Limagwirira wa parasitosis

Pali mitundu 2 tripasomoza (Chigasov kudwala ndi kaodzera). Infection ndi matenda ina zimatengera mtundu wa mitundu (magulu) majeremusi kugunda thupi. Limagwirira chitukuko cha pathologies ndi yosiyana. Mwa kuluma kwa za kambalame zimafalitsa ntchentche wodzala trypanosomes Salivaria, munthu kapena nyama anakhudzidwa kaodzera. Mu masabata woyamba wa tiziromboti izo ili mu mafuta subcutaneous. Kuyambira apo izo zifika ku dongosolo mtima. Chifukwa ndi imfa ya chitetezo ndi hematopoietic ziwalo: ndulu, chiwindi, lymph mfundo. Pambuyo majeremusi zina kafalitsidwe kudutsa wamanjenje maselo dongosolo. Kugunda iwo mu cerebrospinal zimayambitsa madzimadzi kuwonongeka kwa ubongo ndi msana minofu.

Development triposomoza Stercoraria

Kukhazikitsa gulu la majeremusi kumachitika m'njira ziwiri. The choyamba - kudzera kulumidwa a nsikidzi. Chachiwiri - pamene adalowa triponosom nembanemba mucous manja akuda. Poyamba, nthenda akutenga malo enieni m'dera yotupa Poyankha - chitukuko cha "chagomy" majeremusi anafalikira m'dziko mafuta subcutaneous. Pambuyo pake, kudzera m'magazi, adayala ziwalo. Gulu la trypanosomes amakhudza lymphoid minofu, chiwindi ndi akatumba. Waukulu ngozi ndi zopweteka majeremusi cardiomyocytes. Kuti kulephera mtima kumabweretsa imfa matenda.

Matendawa chonyamulira trypanosomes

Trypanosome amatanthauza majeremusi unicellular oopsa kwambiri, makamaka kwa anthu ndi nyama. Zimafalitsidwa ndi chamoyo ichi asexually limagwirira - kotenga magawano. Trypanosomiasis amawapeza milandu kwambiri kunyanja Africa ndi South America. Ichi ndi chifukwa kukhalapo mu malo awa tizilombo, amene wapakatikati makamu kwa tiziromboti lapansi. Komabe, matenda angayambe m'mayiko ena, mwachitsanzo, titafika anthu ku malo a matenda. Mu kudwala odwala Chagas akukhudzidwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi: kutupa lymph mfundo kuzungulira maso, mkhutu m'mimba motility, kupweteka mtima, kuzizira, myalgia. Nthawi zambiri akuluakulu matenda ndi aakulu ukhoza kwa zaka zingapo. Ana zaka 5 chogwidwa ndi njira pachimake ndi omwalira mkulu. Amaganiziridwa kaodzera akhoza anayambitsa pa malo monga, mwapang'onopang'ono kufooka, mutu, ulesi, chikomokere. Pakuti kudziwika majeremusi m'thupi ikuchitika matenda serological: kudziwa chitetezo titer kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kodi kuchita pamene matenda trypanosomes?

Chithunzithunzi cha mmene kutenga majeremusi m'thupi, ali yekha nthenda dokotala. Popeza trypanosomes ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amene akanafa pathologies kuyamba kuthandiza motere yomweyo pambuyo anatulukira. parasitosis mankhwala othandiza yekha mu magawo koyamba matenda. Choncho, m'pofunika kuchita matenda zasayansi mwamsanga ngati mukukayikira kachilombo kuluma kapena ntchentche za kambalame zimafalitsa. Pa chitsimikiziro cha matenda amafuna m'chipatala, monga mankhwala ndi trypanosomes zikhoza zochita zosiyanasiyana mbali.

mankhwala a parasitosis oopsa

Kuti tiyankhe funso mmene kubweretsa majeremusi, likhoza kukhala katswiri. Chithandizo cha matenda carotid zimadalira siteji ya kudwala lapansi. Ngati inu amakhudzidwa yekha hematopoietic ndi chitetezo, ntchito mankhwala "Berilin", "Pentamidine" ndi "Suramin". mankhwala awa si mogwira kupitilira matenda. Ngati ndondomeko amatenda mantha dongosolo, prescribers "Diflyuorometilornitin". Chithandizo cha Chagas 'matenda Akamatere yekha pa siteji ya parasitism extracellular. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, prescribers "Nifurtinoks".

zodzitetezera ndi trypanosomiasis

Pofuna kupewa kudetsedwa trypanosomiasis, malo okhala tizilombo kuti ali ndi majeremusi wa makamu wapakatikati, sprayed ndi mankhwala apadera (disinfestation ikuchitika). Kudziwa nyama matenda zimapha kuti kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda.