Koopsa ndi matenda Chagas? Zoyambitsa, Zizindikiro, Matendawa ndi Chithandizo

Nthawi zina tizilombo akhoza kupulumutsa munthu mavuto aakulu kwambiri. Mmodzi wa iwo - Chagas matenda, kapena matenda Chagas chifukwa cha nsikidzi magazi woyamwa. Analongosola zaka zoposa 100, dokotala ku Brazil Carlos Ribeiro Chagas koposa iye mwini moyo imeneyi. matenda dzina zikumveka osiyanasiyana, pa katchulidwe ka mayina a anatulukira ake. Kodi matenda Chagas ndi zoopsa ndi kuopsa ndi? Yankho ndi lakuti inde. Inde, woopsa, ngakhale pali anthu amene amakhala ndi matenda kwa zaka popanda kudziwa iwo ali ndi kachilombo. Koma izi kupatulapo osati lamulo. The wamba chifukwa zachisoni nthenda: odwala kufa m'miyezi oyambirira matenda. Kodi ndi kumene inu mukhoza kutenga matenda ndiponso chifukwa chake anthu mukuona ngati anasiyana? Tiyeni tiyesere kuwayankha.

matenda Chagas: location malo osiyanasiyana

Ku Russia, mwamwayi, pamene matenda ndi zosowa. Koma kamodzi ndi AIDS kwa ife kutali, kwinakwake mu America kunja. The vuto lomwelo pa nthawi chimasonyeza ndi matenda Chagas. Raspostranen Kodi iye tsopano? Pakati pa anthu paulendo gulu lonselo ankaliphera pamodzi ndi mayina ake pa Africa South America komanso m'mayiko ena a Caribbean, Brazil, Venezuela, Panama, Mexico, Peru, Argentina, Guatemala, Colombia, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Bolivia, Suriname, El Salvador, French Guiana , Belize, Nicaragua, Honduras. Monga nyama zakutchire, amenenso ali ndi kachilombo Chagas 'matenda (agologolo, mbewa, maoposamu, amphaka, agalu ndi ena, anthu okwana 150 mitundu) matenda anawona Kemi. Kamakupatsani mantha kuti matenda posachedwapa kufalitsa mwakuya mu North America. Kale pali milandu ku Texas, Arizona, kum'mwera kwa California ndi Maryland. Kulimbikitsa American trypanosomiasis kudutsa dziko amathandiza kuti kusamuka kwa anthu, mu zaka 15-20 otsiriza, kutenga malo pamlingo si verifiable. Anthu a m'mayiko Latin American, kuyenda dziko pofunafuna moyo wabwino, alendo - pofunafuna ulendo. Wina chifukwa wamba matenda ndi osauka a m'madera amenewa kumvetsa osati pa ntchito iliyonse, koma ndalama magaziwo ndi ngakhale kugulitsa ziwalo zawo (impso, maso, etc.). Pamene kuona mfundo zina za magazi ku United States anasonyeza kuti chuma mwiniwake ndi matenda Chagas kuposa matenda a chiwindi ndi AIDS. Ndipo pa kutsegula kwa ofa ndi matenda a mtima kapena congestive mtima kulephera anthu ku Latin American dera chinavumbula munthu ameneyo akuvutika awiri ku matenda imodzi, anasamutsidwa mu mawonekedwe aakulu. Choncho posachedwa malire tsogolo la kudera la matenda Chagas 'mwachidziwikire kutha.

nthumwi causative

A pang'ono odziwika mpaka matenda Chagas - matenda ndi tosaoneka umodzi tating'ono timene wamoyo - Sitima trypanosomes (Trypanosoma cruzi). Choncho iwo wotchedwa Carlos Chagas Institute polemekeza Osvaldo Cruz. Zilombozi ndi colorless (mu chithunzi, iwo amaoneka mu magazi wodwalayo papezeka chikhomo), ndi matupi elongated, ofanana ndi spindle lapansi. Kumapeto wina ali ndi bakiteriya udzakhalire kuthandiza trypanosomes adutsa thupi la wovulalayo (makamaka magazi). Akufika pa iwo limba anakhumba, iwo mkatikati mwa Kakhungu mu maselo ndi kupanga bezzhgutikovuyu kupanga mtundu yaytsepodobnogo (amastigote). Mu maselo a trypanosomes mwachangu zikupitiriza, n'kupanga latsopano veretenopodobnyh "ana" ndi michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana, amene kudutsa mu mwazi wa walakwa chifukwa Kuthetsa zina za thupi. Mbali zoipa kwambiri amapha izi tosaoneka ndi kuti akhoza kusonkhezera chitetezo cha m'thupi la munthu wolakwiridwayo, kum'kakamiza kuti tisagonje pa nkhondoyi. Trypanosomes ali yekha parasitic njira ya moyo, kupanga Choncho njira: munthu (nyama) - cholakwika - munthu (nyama). Mumagulu awa, vuto moyo kusintha njira: kwa dzira kuti wamkulu. Iwo akuwonjezeka mwakhama nsikidzi m'mimba, amene ntchito resettlement mu thupi lathanzi.

Njira kachilombo

matenda Chagas ', limene transporter - wapadera wa triatominae bloodsucking, anatola makamaka usiku, pamene inu kugona mu zipinda tizilombo izi moyo. Wina anawaitana nthabwala "iwo, ndiyetu" chifukwa iwo amakonda kuluma makamaka pa milomo. Dzinali munakhala. Komabe, osati paliponse. Mu Chile ndi Argentina, iwo amatchedwa kuonekere - vinchuca, ndiye kuti tizilombo, ndipo Brazil - chinch wometa. Pakati lalikulu lankhondo triatominae, pali 130 mitundu ku America yekha anapezeka mitundu zoposa 10, amene onyamula bakiteriya ichi ndi wothandizila causative matenda Chagas. Kuwonjezera tizilombo, matenda ndi munthu wodwala kudzera pafupi, pamene magazi ake afika ku thupi kudzera wathanzi contactee zilonda za pakhungu. Kodi si chatsopano AIDS? Nthawi zambiri matenda amapezeka m'zipatala kudzera magazi kapena chiwalo kupatsidwa zina. Ana kachilombo m'mimba, ngati iye ali chonyamulira cha matenda. Njira yosavuta mtendere kukatenga kachirombo - kudzera chakudya, amene ali ndowe vuto la nsikidzi. Izi zingachitike ngati kuhovarili matenda Chagas anthu samakhala amasiyana ukhondo. Choncho anapita ku ovutika ndi mayiko triatominae, izo m'pofunika kusankha malo ogona wotukuka kwambiri (hotelo bwino), anagula masamba ndi zipatso ndasambitsa bwinobwino, ndipo m'nyumba ya zakudya zophikidwa, bwino anapereka amalonda m'deralo, pewani.

Kodi inu kachilomboko

Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti matenda Chagas ndi anatola pamene cholakwika ndi uyo kudzera pakhungu ndipo amayamba kumwa magazi. Ndipotu si. Inu mukhoza alumidwa kakhumi, mukhale ndi thanzi labwino. Ndipo onse chifukwa cha matenda kumachitika pamene woberedwa adzakhala trypanosomes Cruz, ili mu ndowe za nsikidzi pakhungu lanu kapena nembanemba mucous. tizilombo awa a madona, amene kumene kudya uko ndi zopanda pake. Munthu mu loto sangathe kukanda (ndi nyama kunyambita) malo olumidwa. Popeza majeremusi kulowa m'thupi, ndi mwini wake watsopano. Palokha, kachilombo wathanzi si owopsa. Koma poluma anthu kachilombo, iwo pafupifupi mwathunthu ndi kachilombo trypanosomes, ndi kulumidwa zotsatirazi zimafalitsa akuvutika atsopano a matenda Chagas. The causative wothandizila amakhala ndi kuchulukana mmimba agulugufewa. Opatsirana cholakwika ndi moyo wake wonse (pafupifupi zaka 2). majeremusi okhwima zili matumbo a wovulalayo ndi ndowe ndi ejected. Kamodzi mu thupi la munthu, choyamba trypanosomes kuchulukitsa lalikulu zedi mu magazi, kenaka n'kukakhala ku minofu (makamaka mtima ndi m'mimba thirakiti epithelium). anthu osauka Latin America moyo m'nyumba zoyandikana, mabanja akuluakulu mu kwake dilapidated, kumene nsikidzi pali nooks ambiri ndi crannies. Kawirikawiri matenda Chagas infects onse a m'banja ndipo ngakhale okhala lonse. CHAKUDYA CA MAGANIZO: zasayansi nyama ndi kachilombo trypanosomes, ngakhale pamene khungu lawo si kuonongeka.

The pachimake mawonekedwe a matenda

Iwo ananena kuti nthawi prokusyvaniya khungu vuto la nsikidzi sabweretsa chisoni ndi imperceptible. Kenako, m'malo pali wofiira pang'ono (ndi zina kanthu), anthu ena mwaona kutupa ndi kuyabwa. Anamubisa (makulitsidwe) nthawi, pamene tiziromboti mu magazi a wovulalayo assiduously zimafalitsidwa, zingatenge masiku angapo kuti masiku 10, malinga ndi mphamvu ya thupi la wodwalayo ndi chizolowezi chake kuti chifuwa. Pamenepo adadzanso otchedwa pachimake mawonekedwe. Zinali nthawi imeneyi ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri lethality Chagas. Zizindikiro monga:

• nyamuka lakuthwa kutentha kwa mlingo yovuta;
• malungo;
• mutu chaukali;
• kuvutika kupuma;
• wonongeka za mtima;
• ndithu ululu pamimba, chifuwa, akatumba onse;
• adrenal kulephera;
• kuwonjezera chithokomiro England, ndulu, ndi lymph mfundo.

Ndi kumayambiriro majeremusi mu ulusi mitsempha makamaka matenda akuthamanga kovuta Chagas. Zizindikiro mu nkhani iyi ndi izi:

• ziwalo;
• kulankhula kuwonongeka;
• athetosis;
• olumala aluntha.

zizindikiro:

• kutupa kwa milomo;
• kutupa maso,
• kugula bronzing khungu.

Mawonekedwe pachimake ukhoza miyezi iwiri, imene anthu ambiri (makamaka ana) kufa. Anapulumuka mavuto zizindikiro zazikulu kutha ndi matenda zipita siteji yotsatira. Kachilombo munthu amakhala matenda atatha masiku 10-11 pambuyo kuluma.

Mawonekedwe aakulu

Apa matenda Chagas 'akhoza kukhala nthawi yayitali ambiri alibe kuonekera, kuti zimawonedwa pafupifupi 80% odwala. Trypanosomes salinso zilamulire mu magazi ndi kudziunjikira mu zimakhala ndi maselo a wodwala ndipo pang'onopang'ono mbaavunga. The "Chronicle" nthawi anati exacerbation alternating ndi chikhululukiro wathunthu. Chagas anazindikira mitundu zotsatirazi matenda aakulu:

• psevdomiksedematoznaya;
• myxedema;
• wamanjenje;
• mtima.

Psevdomiksedematozny mtundu ikusonyezedwa ana zaka 15 ndipo wamng'ono. Ndi khalidwe la kuwonjezeka pang'ono chithokomiro ndi lymph mfundo. M'nthawi ya exacerbations ana amayamba malungo, malungo, tachycardia anati. Majeremusi adzalowerera mu minofu subcutaneous, amene makamaka Kuwononga nkhope yake. The kutupa khalidwe ndi redness angadziŵike zowoneka matenda Chagas. Photos anapereka zosiyana chuma apadera pa nkhani zachipatala, chifukwa, kuziyika izo modekha, zosasangalatsa.

Myxedema mtundu isiyana m'mbuyomo chisokonezo wokulirapo mu chithokomiro lapansi.

Mantha mtundu ana amakumana ndi Kuchedwa kukula kwa ana ndi infantilism.

Mtima kumabweretsa pericarditis, bradycardia ndi mavuto ena mtima.

Ndi kutanthauzira za trypanosomes Cruz mu mpanda wa m'mimba ziwalo thirakiti anati achalasia, mwachitsanzo matenda minofu motility ziwalo izi. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kutsekeka esophageal ndi kuchuluka kwa m'mimba ndipo matumbo. Wodwalayo ululu pamene Pomeza chakudya ndi ndime ake kudzera kholingo, kusanza, belching, imfa ya thupi ngakhale kudya zogwira mtima. zizindikiro izi zimadalira kugwirizana kwa chakudya, ndipo pali chakudya ngakhale madzi.

diagnostics

matenda Chagas 'unakhazikitsidwa ndi zizindikiro kunja mu Kupenda matenda a mtima ndi zasayansi kuwonjezera maphunziro a magazi pa maso ndi nkhani serological. Komabe, mu mawonekedwe aakulu wa matenda trypanosomes ndi magazi kukhala otsika, chifukwa chimene izo zakhala zovuta kudziwa iwo.

Pamene sikutheka kupeza tiziromboti mu chitsanzo magazi, pamaso pawo ndi kufufuzidwa mu mwanabele (kuchita biopsy).

Komanso ntchito xenodiagnosis. Iwo kwagona kuti munthu wodwala wathanzi anabzala zasayansi nsikidzi, ndipo kenako (atatha masiku 14) Kuphunzira, amene anaonekera mu matumbo awo majeremusi kapena ayi.

Chiyeso china - chikhalidwe magazi ndi kumezetsanitsa kuti ayese nyama.

Mfundo njira magazi ntchito, zochokera zochita za chitetezo fulorosenti, komanso zochita gammaglyutinatsii braking, amene womvera, ngakhale ngati zenizeni.

Zotsatira zabwino ndi mapulogalamu kuyesa Mashad-Guerreyro. Bukuli lili ndi lumikiza zimene kuthekera, ndiye, kudziwika chitetezo kwa Antigen a tiziromboti lapansi. zofufuza izi ndi lofunika kwambiri mu gawo aakulu a matenda pamene njira zina si pacimake.

chithandizo

Panopa pali kale mankhwala amene angakuthandizeni kwathunthu kugonjetsa matenda Chagas. Chithandizo othandiza, mwatsoka, kokha mu siteji koyamba mpaka trypanosomes akhala osati atagonjetsa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri. Izi "Nifurtimox" ndi "Benznidazole". Iwo akhoza kugulidwa ku US ndi Latin America, mosamalitsa pa mankhwala. Perekani deta mankhwala odwala ndi mawonekedwe pachimake cha matenda, ana, pa kumwa, kupatula mtundu wa matenda aakulu si akuthamanga. Mu masiteji kenako, izo mwamtheradi si ntchito. Choncho, zochitika zonse za madokotala lolunjika pochiza zosokonezeka - matenda a mtima, kapepala m'mimba, mantha dongosolo, chithokomiro ndi ziwalo zina.

kaonedwe

anthu ambiri, makamaka amene anabwera pambuyo mawonekedwe pachimake kuchira akuoneka, samazindikira matenda mmene oopsa Chagas. Ndipo komabe chaka chilichonse amachititsa pafupifupi zikwi 50 okhala padziko lapansi. Ndi matenda pa nthawiyo, malinga ndi ziwerengero osiyanasiyana, kuyambira 15 mpaka 20 miliyoni, koma Chiwerengerochi si odalirika, monga osauka, kuphatikizapo matenda Chagas / Chagas imafalira makamaka ambiri kupeza dokotala kawirikawiri. Kuti madokotala ananena zawo za matenda bwino kokha mu milandu oyambirira matenda enieni ndi mankhwala. Pa siteji koyamba, ngati nthawi adanyamulidwa, kuchira mwina mtheradi. Kenako sangakhoze anachiritsidwa. Komanso, n'zosatheka kubwezeretsa ziwalo anakhudzidwa ndi majeremusi anawonongedwa. Chaka chilichonse, pamaso pa matenda aakulu amapha anthu ambiri odwala matenda pachimake mtima, matenda a mtima, kufa ziwalo ndi matenda ena oyambitsidwa ndi trypanosomes cruzi.

kupewa

Matenda anapulumutsa Chagas, kupewa ndi kofunika kwambiri monga katemera motsutsana Trypanosoma cruzi kulibe. ndi yoopsa kwa anthu a m'madera:

• pazipita kuyendera kwanu umboni wa zisa za tizirombo ngati n'kotheka kuchita ukhondo m'nyumba ndi tizilombo;
• ngati n'kotheka, kumanga nsalu kama;
• ukhondo.

Alendo:

• kupewa kuyendera nkhalango, makamaka zovala lotseguka yotentha;
• njira yovuta kwa kusankha malo tulo;
• kuchita kuyesedwa kwa goodies kunja kwa pogulitsira zakudya zoperekedwa ndi amalonda msewu ndi msika (ngati palibe ndithu kuti chakudya kukonzekera, kutsatira malamulo ukhondo).

Pakuti Sanepid:

• kufufuza ana achikulire amene azimayi opezeka matenda Chagas;
• kugwira ntchito yomanga nyumba zakale;
• zonse ukhondo tizilombo zogona malo nzika za dziko;
• mosamala a magazi ndi othandizira ndalama kuyezedwa bwinobwino.

Pali maganizo tione osamuka onse kufika kuchokera m'mayiko kuderako, amene ayenera kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda Chagas mu zigawo zina. Komabe, anapatsidwa mkulu kuipitsidwa kwa trypanosomes Cruzi vuto matenda nyama zaka kubwera ndi chodziwikiratu kuthetsedwa.