Innervation za mtima. Chipatala thunthu la mtima

Innervation wa mtima ndi makhalidwe ake thupi - zambiri, popanda zomwe zingakhale zovuta bwino pano mbali zonse za ntchito ya chiwindi zofunika m'thupi la munthu. chidwi kwambiri kudziwa mmene ubongo amalankhulira ndi likulu la m'thupi mwa thupi lathu. Komanso, dongosolo ndi mfundo za ukugwirira ntchito ya mtima ndi zofunika kwambiri.

ntchito mtima

Koposa, wina akhoza kunena kuti, chapakati limba wa mitsempha ya magazi m'thupi la munthu ndi mtima. Ndi dzenje, ali mawonekedwe conical ndi ili mu chifuwa patsekeke. Ngati inu kufotokoza ntchito yake, ntchito njira yosavuta kwambiri, tinganene kuti mtima ntchito ngati mpope, kotero kuti m'dziko kuipidwa wa mitsempha, mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya kufunika anapitiriza kuti lidzigwira ntchito zonse za m'magazi thupi.

Chidwi n'chakuti kuti mtima ndi kubala magetsi ake zochita zokha. Tsimikizani ndi khalidwe limeneli, ngati automaton ndi. Mbali imeneyi zimathandiza ngakhale selo akutali a minofu mtima kutenga yokha. khalidwe limeneli n'kofunika kuti ntchito khola la thupi.

mbali structural

Poyamba, chiwembu amachititsa mtima kulabadira kumene thupi ili. Malowa ali pamtunda, monga tanenera, mu chifuwa M'mimbamo, ndi kuti gawo ang'onoang'ono kwake isanafalikire kumanja ndi lalikulu mogwirizana - kumanzere. Choncho kuganiza kuti mtima wonse mu gawo kumanzere kwa chifuwa, ndi cholakwika.

Koma kukhala enieni kwambiri, malo lili ndi mtima - ndi mediastinum, kumene kuli awiri otchedwa pansi - m'munsi ndi chapamwamba.

Mtima Kukula mu pafupifupi wofanana burashi buku kuti clenched. M'pofunikanso podziwa kuti mtima lagawidwa kugawa mwapadera amachepetsa awiri - lamanzere ndi lamanja. Zikatero, aliyense wa mbali awa ali mayunitsi monga ventricle ndi atrium, pakati amene ali otsegula. Iwo anatseka ndi munthu vavu khumudwitsidwa. Mbali A valavu izi ndi matabwa ake: mmbali lake lamanja ali timapepala ta atatu, ndi lamanzere - awiri.

ventricle bwino

Pankhaniyi, ndi M'mimbamo mkati mwa ndilo kwambiri mipiringidzo minofu. Palinso minofu papillary. Zili kwa iwo achoke tendon ulusi ku valavu amene atseka kutsegula pakati pa ventricle lamanja ndi atrium bwino.

Mokhudzana anati valavu, matabwa ake zikuphatikizapo timapepala ta atatu, anamanga endocardium lapansi. Pamene ventricle bwino yafupika, vavu uno usanatseke kutsegula mu midadada mapeto n'zosiyana otaya magazi. Mwa njira, ndi ku tsidya lino la mtima amapita thunthu m'mapapo mwanga, kupita ku ziwalo kupuma. Malinga ndi izo, kusunthira magazi venous.

The ventricle kumanzere

Ngati mukuziyenereza kudzanja lamanja, tisaiwale kuti mu nkhani iyi chipupa kwambiri thicker. Atchule pamwamba mkati mwa mpanda wake, sakhoza kuona minofu crossbar ndi minofu papillary. Iwo ukusunthira kutali ndi iwo, ndipo tendon chingwe, amene kuliika pa m'mbali mwa kumanzere vavu atrioventricular.

Lamanzere ventricle za mtima Ndi malo kumene waukulu wolumikizira thunthu, wotchedwa msempha. Ndi pa izi vavu mbiya ili mipata kwa mitsempha inatsekeratu kuti kudyetsa mtima.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti onse magazi wolumikizira akulowa atrium kumanzere, ndipo kale pano kugwa mu ventricle kumanzere, zomwe mwakambirana pamwamba. Monga mukuonera, mbali zonse za mtima umene umafananirako, ndipo ngati pali wonongeka mu mmodzi wa iwo, zimakhudza thupi lonse.

zotengera

Ponena za ziwiya imene kotunga magazi mtima, ndi Dziwani kuti iwo ali kunja kwa thupi mu grooves wapadera. Komanso pali anthu amene amapita ku mtima, amene mwa iwo.

Palinso interventricular grooves kotenga pa underside ndi kutsogolo padziko yamitsempha yamagazi. Total a mizere iwiri - kumbuyo ndi kumaso, koma iwo onse walangizidwa pamwamba pa thupi.

Musaiwale za sulcus coronal, limene lili pakati pa zipinda m'munsi ndi chapamwamba. The lamanja ndi lamanzere mitsempha inatsekeratu mtima, kani, nthambi tiri chimodzimodzi mu izo. Cholinga chawo ndi kulimbikitsa magazi ndi thupi. N'chifukwa chake, ngati chifanizo cha zolengeza kapena magazi aumirira afika kumeneko, moyo wa anthu uli pangozi mderali.

Pa nthawi yomweyo palinso zina mitsempha yaikulu ya mtima, komanso makungwa venous akutuluka thupi ili.

mavavu

Zinthu zimene tatchulazi wokwera pa otchedwa mafupa a mtima, chomwe ndi mphete ziwiri fibrous. Anthu nawonso, ili pakati zipinda chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi.

Mu mtima wa munthu pali 4 valavu.

Origin (conventionally) akutchedwa atrioventricular lamanja kapena tricuspid. Ntchito yake yaikulu - chikuletsa kuthekera kubwerera kwa magazi kuchokera ventricle bwino.

Kenako, valavu kumanzere ali kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke awiri okha, bwanji, muli dzina labwino - gulugufe. Ilo likadali angatchedwe valavu mitral. M'pofunika kupanga khumudwitsidwa zoletsa kuti magazi kuchokera atrium kumanzere mu ventricle kumanzere kwa mtima.

Chachitatu vavu - popanda kutsegula chipilala m'mapapo mwanga kuti lotsegukabe. Izi zingachititse otaya magazi kubwerera ventricle lapansi.

Mtima dera chikuphatikizapo vavu chachinayi limene lili pa mfundo kumene linanena bungwe la msempha. Salola otaya magazi imatsogoleredwa ku mtima.

Zinthu kudziwa za dongosolo conduction

kotunga magazi mtima - zimenezi si ntchito yokha zimadalira ntchito khola wa thupilo. Nkofunika kwambiri, ndi mapangidwe kugunda kwa mtima. Ndi chifukwa dongosolo conduction amalenga chidule cha wosanjikiza akulu, amene amatumikira monga chiyambi cha limba chachikulu cha m'thupi.

Nkofunika kudziwa chakuti mfundo sinoatrial ndi kumene zimachitika ndi kwaiye, amene amapereka lamulo kuchepetsa minofu mtima. Koma malo ake, ndi iye, pamene atrium pomwe akulowa dzenje Vienna.

The nyumba tafotokozazi ndi wofunika kwambiri pa mtima, womwe wapangidwa zikomo zotheka njira zotsatirazi:

- mgwirizano matenda ndi yamitsempha yamagazi contractions;

- kupoletsa zikhumbo rhythmical;

- synchronous okhudzidwa wa yamitsempha yamagazi wosanjikiza minofu selo mu ndondomeko contractile (popanda ndalama izi Mwachangu zikanakhala zovuta kwambiri).

mtima innervation

Poyamba, kumathandiza kumvetsa kuti terminology limeneli. Choncho innervation - palibe kanthu ngati machulukitsidwe wa gawo makamaka kwa mitsempha thupi khola ndi zonse kulankhulana ndi chapakati mantha dongosolo. M'mawu ena, maukonde ili ubongo, imene ubongo akulamulira minofu ndi ziwalo. Mbali wotero wa chamoyo sangathe kukanidwa ndi kuphunzira nkhani monga kapangidwe ndi ntchito za mtima.

Kafukufuku tsatanetsatane wa nkhaniyi, mukhoza kuyamba apa ndi yakuti: ndondomeko ya chidule cha minofu mtima umalamulidwa ndi onse endocrine ndi machitidwe mantha. Pa nthawi yomweyo chimasintha kayendedwe ka mabala kwambiri mwachindunji anakhudzidwa ndi innervation autonomic za mtima. Tikuyankhula zokhudza kukondoweza wachifundo ndi parasympathetic. Choyamba kumawonjezera pafupipafupi chidule, ndipo chachiwiri, motero, izo amachepetsa.

General ntchito za thupi ukulamulidwa malo mtima wa pons ndi medulla oblongata. Ku malo mothandizidwa ndi wachifundo ndipo parasympathetic ulusi mitsempha zimafalitsa zilakolako zimene zimakhudza mphamvu ya contractions ndi, pafupipafupi awo ndi liwiro trioventrikulyarnogo. Pankhani ya kufala kwa zotsatira madera mitsempha pa mtima, ndiye mbali iyi kuno, monga ziwalo wina aliyense anyamule nkhoswe. Dongosolo wachifundo ndi norepinephrine, ndi acetylcholine mu parasympathetic motero.

mbali khalidwe la innervation mtima

Intraorganic mantha zida za mtima anakonza kovuta. Iye ankayimiridwa ndi mitsempha kuti kuyamba kuchokera plexus thoracic kung'ambika kenako okha kulowa limba chachikulu cha m'thupi ndi ganglia. Last - si kanthu koma m'bulu wa maselo inali pakati pa zida tatchulawa. Mitsempha ulusi ndi mbali ya dzikoli. magwero iwo utenge ganglia mtima. Kumaliza nyumba imeneyi imapangitsa effectors ndi maselo.

innervation za mtima zimasonyezanso pamaso ulusi imalandira. Iwo zigwirizana mayunitsi msana ndi mitsempha vagus. gulu ili mulinso autonomic galimoto ulusi.

ulusi wachifundo

Choncho, ngati inu kulabadira mbali zoterozo mutu, monga innervation wachifundo mtima, ndiye poyamba ndi ofunika powasamalira gwero ulusi izi. M'mawu ena, kudziwa mmene ankayandikira ulamuliro chapakati cha m'thupi. Yankho ndi losavuta: nyanga lateral wa chapamwamba thoracic zigawo msana.

Akamanena za zotsatira za kukondoweza wachifundo yafupika zotsatira za mphamvu ya yamitsempha yamagazi ndi matenda chidule, kumene munthu amasonyeza mwa kuchuluka kwake. Ndipotu, ndi zabwino inotropic kwenikweni. Koma si onse - chinawonjezeka kugunda kwa mtima. Pankhaniyi, n'zomveka kulankhula za HIV chikoka chronotropic. Zotsatira yomaliza ya innervation wachifundo, amene ayenera kulabadira - ichi zotsatira dromotropic - ndicho, mmene pa imeneyi pakati pa matenda ndi yamitsempha yamagazi contractions.

Mbali parasympathetic a dongosolo

Innervation za mtima mulinso njira izi. Mtundu wa CHIKWANGWANI ndi yabwino kwa mtima monga mbali ya mitsempha vagus, ndipo kumbali zonse.

Ngati ife kulankhula za ulusi "Chabwino," Ntchito yawo ndi innervation, motero, monga atrium bwino. M'chigawo cha mfundo sinoatrial, iwo apanga plexus wandiweyani. Pankhani kumanzere vagus mitsempha, ulusi anakafika mu gawo la iye, kubwera ku mfundo atrioventricular.

Ponena za mmene ambabala innervation parasympathetic mtima, ndi ponena kuchepetsa mphamvu ya chidule matenda ndi kuchepa kugunda kwa mtima ofunika. Koma atrioventricular kuchedwa ukuwonjezeka. N'kosavuta kunena kuti ntchito ulusi mitsempha mbali yofunika kwambiri kuposa m'thupi.

kupewa

Against maziko a mudziwe mwina zovuta zimene mtima, n'zomveka kulipira chidwi kuchita kumodzi amene angatithandize kukhalabe mu ntchito kuti kwa zaka zambiri.

Choncho, anapatsidwa mbali yanji kapangidwe ndi ntchito za mtima, Ndizachidziwikire kuti thanzi la thupi zimadalira zotsatirazi zinthu zitatu: minofu minofu, mitsempha ya magazi ndi nthenda yotaya magazi.

Kuonetsetsa kuti zonse zinali bwino ndi minofu mtima, muyenera kupereka katundu wololera. ntchito mwangwiro amakwaniritsa kuthamanga (popanda zotentheka) kapena kuyenda. Zochita amenewa musaumitse limba chachikulu cha m'thupi.

Tsopano pang'ono za ziwiya. Kotero kuti iwo anali mu mawonekedwe kuti muyenera kudya bwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muli ndi kunena tiwonana waukulu ndi khola mbali mafuta chakudya ndi molondola kumanga zakudya zanu. The chamoyo ayenera kulandira zakudya zonse zofunikira ndi mavitamini, ndiye zonse zidzakhala bwino.

Ndipo chikolecho otsiriza ntchito yaitali mtima, ndipo thupi lonse - ndi magazi wabwino ikuyenda. Apa kuthandiza cha chinsinsi losavuta: Anthu onse madzulo magazi thickens. Ndipo ngati tikukamba za oimira gulu zapakatikati, monga kugwirizana kwake, mwa zina, amakhala oopsa, ndi chiopsezo cha mtima kapena matenda opha ziwalo. Thandizani kuthetsa madzulo zinthu woyenda chibadwa. Kodi pali mitengo, nyanja, nyanja, mapiri kapena mathithi - ndi mkulu wa ndende mpweya ionized, amene kwambiri bwino fluidity magazi.

Pomaliza

Mfundozi zachokera onse pamwamba, mungathe okwana zoonekeratu: innervation a mtima, Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa thupi ndi ntchito yake yonse adzakhala nthawi zonse zofunika, sasiya kufunika kwake. Ndithudi, popanda chidziwitso cha izi, mlingo umene zonse chimakula, n'zovuta matenda ogwira ndi mankhwala woyenera wa mumtima.