Arkhimandrit John (Krestiankin). Mkulu John (Krestiankin): maulaliki

Archimandrite John (Krestiankin) anali mmodzi wa ambiri akulemekezedwa atsogoleri amakono a tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox kumayambiriro kwa mapeto a XX ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka XXI. Absentia icho chinali kutchedwa "Onse-Russian mkulu." Kumanzere ana awo cholowa wokhudza kwambiri. Back m'ma 90s, ndi kale mu mbadwo m'malo kukalamba ndi M'busa John Krestiankin mofunitsitsa kwambiri analandira amene anabwera kwa iye mu Pskov-Pechersk obisika ochokera konsekonse Russia. moyandikana Zimenezi zachititsa bwino kwambiri. M'masiku ake am'tsogolo anali okondwa kugawana chokumbukira. Choncho, ndife odala kwambiri kuti bambo anga za John, tikudziwa kuposa abambo oyera ndi confessors amene anaphedwa mu malo kumene ankapita kubwerera ku Archimandrite m'tsogolo.

Confession Ioanna Krestyankina

Anthu amene ndi mwayi mokwanila kuona kamodzi ndi John bambo ake, iye kukumbukira mochokera pansi pa mtima ndiponso wosangalatsa. Iwo amandiuza mmene nsangala anachita m'tchalitchi ndipo zonse anatuluka m'kachisi, atazunguliridwa ndi khamu la anthu achikulire ndi achinyamata, amene nthawi zina anadza okha basi kuziwona izo. Monga Archimandrite John (Krestiankin) anayenda mofulumira, ngati zouluka, ndi nthawi kuyankha mafunso ndi kwina zitumbuwa, anafuna yekha. Iye mokoma anatenga ana auzimu mu cell ake, makhalidwe iwo pa Sofa akale, ndi mphindi yochepa basi kucheza naye munthu chabe mbisoweka kukaikira ndi nkhawa. Mu nkhani iyi, wachikulire chopatsika zithunzi, mabuku achipembedzo komanso timabuku, mowolowa manja owazidwa madzi oyera adadzodza "batala". Pambuyo pa recharge wauzimu ndipo n'zosatheka kuona mmene anthu anaona kuti akhale pamene iwo anabwerera kunyumba zawo.

Kusamalira ana ake auzimu

Mu ngodya za bambo a John selo anali thumba la makalata, Iye anayankha yekha. Miyezi yochepa kuti aphedwe, chinamuthandiza kuti uthenga kelejnitsy Smirnova Tatiana Sergeevna. Ngakhale Khirisimasi otsiriza, bambo ana ake John mwauzimu ndinalandira bwino ndipo ngati makadi ngati wokondeka ndi moni.

John Krestiankin. maulaliki

Si kanthu anamutcha iye "ndi Russias wachikulire onse", chifukwa iye anali ndi mphatso ya moyang'ana m'tsogolo, ndipo pali zambiri umboni. Mkulu John Krestiankin ulamuliro wa Soviet Union anavutika m'misasa wozunzikirapowo kangapo pang'ono kuphedwa. Iye anali mlembi wa maulaliki ambiri ndi yolimbikitsa kwambiri kuti osiyana mamiliyoni lero. John Krestiankin ngati ankadziwa pasadakhale kuti anthu ambiri ku mibadwo 70 lidzayamba kupita ku chikhulupiriro Orthodox ndi kwa iwo ndi momwe iwo ayenera iwo. Mu limodzi mwa mabuku oyamba kumanga chivomerezo chawo John Krestiankin umayamba ndi malongosoledwe a zinsinsi zazikulu zimene muyenera kudziwa okhulupirira onse. Iwo linatsegulidwa kwa ife, Iisus Hristos yekha, ndi kuziyika izo mu mawu ake oyera: "Popanda Ine, inu simungathe tvoriti nichesozhe".

Wochenjera nkhalamba anali kupemphera mwapadera, chifukwa m'mapemphero anga, nthawi zonse anatchula anthu amene poyamba anali ndi mwayi kukumana.

mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro

Vania anabadwa mu Orel mu 1910, April 11 (March 29 Old kalendala), Krestiankin (Michael ndi Elizabeth) mu banja pakati kalasi. Ndipo anali mwana wawo chitatu. Iwo nalo dzina lake polemekeza St. Ioanna Pustynnika, monga wobadwa yokumbukira. Koma ngakhale chidwi ndi kuti mu tsiku ili amalemekeza kukumbukira ndi Fathers Pskov-Mapanga Woyera Mark Yona. Ndipo Ndithu, N'zosadabwitsa, kuyambira pamenepo pafupi zaka forte adzakhala izo mu Pskov-Mapanga ansembe yotchedwa, kumene adalemekeza sagacious mkulu.

bambo Vanya anamwalira achinyamata ndi amayi ake anakulira. Achibale anathandiza banja, anali pakati pawo ndi amalume - wamalonda Moskvitin Ivan Alexandrovich.

Kuyambira zaka 6 mnyamata wachikulire anatumikira mu mpingo, ndipo mu 12 anasonyeza kuti akufuna kukhala wansembe, koma zidzachitika zambiri mtsogolo.

Mu 1929, pambuyo sukulu ya sekondale, Ivan Krestiankin anapita kukaphunzira ku maphunziro mlandu. Kenako anayamba ntchito pa zapaderazi mu Orel. Koma mtima iye anali nthawizonse ndinkafuna kutumikira Mulungu. A zambiri ntchito anachita, ndiponso chifukwa cha kuti nthawi zambiri analibe nthawi utumiki mpingo, ndi nsonga oxbow Vera Loginova, anakakamizika kusiya, ndipo mu 1932 anasamukira ku Moscow. Kenako nkhondo inayambika. Kutsogolo sanatengedwe chifukwa sankaona.

Moscow. Nkhondo Itatha

Mu Moscow mu July 1944, Ivan Krestiankin amakhala wamasalmo Izmailovskii mpingo wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu. Ndi kachisi uyu anali ndi maloto tsogolo Archimandrite. Patapita miyezi 6 Ioann Krestyankin ndinadzozedwa dikoni, ndi miyezi 9 anakhala wansembe dalitso la mabishopu, Alexy I.

Nkhondo itatha anayamba chitsitsimutso mphamvu ya Tchalitchi cha Orthodox, anthu achipembedzo kwambiri, anakhamukira kwa mipingo. Ngakhale anthu ngati konse zimenezo tilinazo wapadera ndi chifundo, komanso chithandizo. Bambo John anadzipereka kwathunthu kwa utumiki wa Mpingo ndi anthu ndipo nthawi yomweyo anaphunzira makalata pa Moscow Theological Academy. Kenako anayamba kulemba phungu wake kwa woyera chozizwitsa ntchito Seraphim wa Sarov, koma sanatero, chifukwa iye anagwidwa mu 1950.

mumsasa

miyezi ingapo chisanadze mayesero m'ndende iye unachitikira Lefortovo ndi Lubyanka. Iye akakhale zaka 7 pansi mukubwadamuka odana Soviet ndipo anatumizidwa ku msasa wa boma okhwima mu dera Arkhangelsk. Choyamba mumsasa anali kugwetsa nkhalango, ndipo m'chaka cha 1953 iye anasamutsidwa kundende yosagwira nthambi pansi pa Kuibyshev mu Garilovu Polyana, pamene anayamba ntchito bookkeeper a. Zima 1955 John anamasulidwa bambo oyambirira.

Solagernik Vladimir Cape anati, nkhope yake inkaoneka yosangalala ndi onse amakumana kukoma mtima, ndi chikondi, makamaka pamene ndinali kuyankhula kwa munthu. M'mawu ake onse anali kwambiri chidwi ndi kutengapo mbali ndi zina adawomba bambo malangizo skrashennoe wofatsa nthabwala. M'busa John Krestiankin ankakonda nthabwala, ndipo izo zinali mu njira iyi kuti ena a Russian akale anzeru.

Pskov chigawocho

Atamasulidwa, iye m'gulu choletsedwa kubwerera ku Moscow. Choncho anayamba kutumikira m'dera la Pskov Utatu Cathedral. Akuluakulu anali ndi psuu lakuthwa kwa yogwira bambo mpingo John ndi ntchito kachiwiri akufuna kumangidwa. Kenako anasiya Pskov ndipo anapitiriza kutumikira mu m'dera la Ryazan.

Ndipo June 10, 1966 iye tonsured mmonke ndi dzina John. Mu 1967, mabishopu, Alexy Ine kumasulira mu Pskov-Mapanga obisika.

Rev. mkulu

John Krestiankin ankakhala obisika mpaka imfa. Poyamba iye anali abbot wa agulupa, ndipo mu 1973 - Archimandrite. Patapita chaka chimodzi, ansembe ake anayamba kubwera okhulupirira ngakhale ochokera m'mayiko. Onse ankakonda mkulu kwa zauzimuwace mkulu ndi nzeru.

Mu 2005, 95 wazaka Archimandrite John (Krestiankin) anali kupereka dongosolo la mpingo wa St. Seraphim wa digirii Sarov Ine. Pa zaka zofanana ndipo anali munthu wokalamba, iwo anali February 5, 2006. thupi lake linkakhala mu mapanga a obisika Pskov-Pechersk.

"Wosayera oyera mtima"

Archimandrite Tikhon Shevkunov m'buku lake "" oyera mtima wosayera "ndi nkhani zina" ndi chisangalalo ndi chidwi pofotokoza makombo a milandu moyo ndi sagacity m'dzikolo mkulu wotchuka ndi mlaliki Ioanna Krestyankina.

Mu 2007, iye analenga zopelekedwa amatchedwa "Pskov Pecherkaya adakhala." Ndi chithunzi wake anagwiritsa ntchito yapadera zopelekedwa kanema mu 1986, chosonyeza moyo wodzimana chachikulu moyo, amene anakhala ambiri a mazunzo a. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali John Krestiankin. Kufuna chintchito chachikulu, iwo anasunga chuma cha chikhulupiriro.

Pomaliza, n'koyenera kukumbukira mawu wa Archimandrite John (Krestyankin): "Ndi nthawi zina zimachitika kuti munthu amayamba ofooka chosalungama ndi kulemedwa kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti moyo wake mumangonyong'onyeka ndi moyo wangwiro ndinkaona ochimwa, ndatopa ndi kugonthetsa ndipo amangokhala ali pikitipikiti ndipo anayamba (zambiri mosalingalira) kufunafuna Mulungu ndi chiyanjano ndi iye. "