Chinsinsi mphamvu ya Aleksandra Nevskogo

Nthawi zonse Russia wafunsira amasewera amene masiku mdima kukhala woyang'anira wake. Ambiri a iwo amadziwika osati dziko lathu komanso kunja. Ndi mmodzi mwa anthu monga Alexander Nevsky, limene kwa zaka zambiri, amatchedwa "woyera" ndi "wamkulu". zotsalira wake akutchedwa mphamvu zozizwitsa, ndi zokhudza zili mbiri zosiyanasiyana m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chinayi. Magwero ena anasonyeza kuti pa tsiku lachiwiri kuchokera m'manda a kalonga anthu ake manda mankhwala kwa matenda osiyanasiyana. Choncho, mphekesera otchuka pamaso pa canonization nduna ya Prince adafotokozera woyera.

Zotsalira za Aleksandra Nevskogo ndi mmodzi wa mtengo wapatali kwambiri tiakachisi Russian. Nkhani yathu laperekedwa kwa munthu wamkulu uyu ndi zochita zake kuti apulumutse Russia kwa Aisiraeli. Ifenso kuyankha mafunso okhudza nkhani zikuluzikulu, kumene zotsalira za Aleksandra Nevskogo anali mu nthawi zosiyana za nthawi, ndi chimene iwo ali okondedwa kwa mitima ya Akhristu Orthodox.

Mbiri chithunzi Aleksandra Nevskogo

Mwatsoka, aliyense wophunzira kukuuzani kuti anapangidwa kwa Grand Duke la Russia. Choncho, asanayambe pa nkhani za mphamvu ya Aleksandra Nevskogo, muyenera osachepera mwachidule ati ubwino pamaso pa Asilavo.

Malinga ndi mbiri, wotetezera tsogolo la Russia anabadwa chaka cha makumi awiri cha m'ma khumi ndi chitatu. ubwana wake unachitikira Pereslavl, Alexander kale kukhwima mu Novgorod, amene anatumizidwa kuti ulamuliro wa bambo ake, omwe anali limodzi ndi mnyamata yokopa anthu onse ankhondo. Iyo inali nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa Russia - pa dzanja limodzi anatentha m'midzi, ndipo analanda mzinda wa Mongol horde, ndi pa zina kumalire boma la zokwawa Swedish asilikali. Kuteteza dziko lawo m'derali anali wamng'ono Alexander.

M'chaka cha chaka chimodzi zikwi mazana awiri makumi anai iye anapambana chigonjetso wanzeru pa asilikali a Sweden pa Neva Mtsinje, amene analandira dzina lake ndi amene anapita mu mbiri. Patangotha zaka ziwiri pa malire a kumadzulo ya boma kumenyana oopsa, ndi chachisanu mu April 1242, dzina lake Aleksandr Nevsky anali wokhoza kuswa Teutonic Knights on Lake Peipus. Kupambana kumeneku potsiriza mosatsata asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda ndikuyembekeza analanda dziko Russian, ndipo dzina achinyamata Prince Alesandro zinadziwika akutali Russia.

Tsopano pamaso pake panali cholinga china - kuteteza dziko kuchokera kummawa, ndi kugwirizana kugwirizana ndi asilikaliwa. Ndi ndi ntchito mkulu anapita ndi bambo ake ku gulu.

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale kuti Alexander Nevsky anali perspicacious kwambiri. Iye anatha kukwaniritsa pangano ndi Khan Batu a dziko, ndipo ngakhale anaonekera kumbali yake ndi Mongolia. Pa Kugwirizana Pakati Khan ndi Russian kalonga anali lodziwika bwino m'mbiri amatchula kuti iwo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa abale. Aleksandru Nevskomu anali ngakhale siinamuchititse Batu kuvomera, zomwe zina analimbitsa ubwenzi wawo ndi mapangano onse pakati pa olamulira awiri. Zolinga za kalonga anali kugwirizanitsa Chirasha ndipo Chitata m'mayiko pansi pa ulamuliro wa zamphamvu, kuti kutsutsa zomwe zingasokoneze kuchokera kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa. Koma maloto awa sizichitika.

Lakhumi mu November 1263, kubwerera kuchokera ku barani, kalonga anadwala n'kumwalira mu liwiro. Yapafupi mzinda, komwe kunali kotheka kuti abweretse thupi, anali Vladimir. Apa ndipo anapita maliro nthumwi. Komabe, pambuyo pa imfa ya woyang'anira wamkulu wa Russia anatha kudabwa anthu ake, ndi atsogoleri a mpingo.

Miracles, woyera atamwalira Alexander

Pofuna kupeza kuti Vladimir ndi kuyika mapulusa a kalonga womwalirayo kumuwombera wake unatenga masiku asanu ndi anayi, ndipo apa anayamba kugwira ntchito zozizwitsa, zimene akhala kuswana pansi canonization tsogolo la Aleksandra Nevskogo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti masiku asanu ndi anayi zoyambirira, thupi si kuyamba kuwola ndinso. Manda zinachitika pa November 23 mu mzinda wa Vladimir Khirisimasi obisika. Pa njira, Metropolitan Kirill ananyamuka kumasula zala za kalonga, kuti aganyali m'kalata awo. Koma mantha aliyense alipo Alexander yekha anatambasula manja ake pa malangizo auzimu, nthawi yomweyo anatenga pepala. Atsogoleri ananena kuti chozizwitsa ndipo ndinaona ulemerero Mulungu.

Masabata angapo kugwadira phulusa la Prince anthu wamba anayamba kufika, ambiri a iwo anapempherera machiritso ndipo analandira anachita mawonekedwe a thanzi latsopano zopezeka. Kumva zozizwitsa, zinthu zikuchitika Khirisimasi kunyumba, anafalikira mofulumira lonse la Russia.

Kudziŵa a zotsalira za St. Alexander

Kuposa zaka zana, anthu anabwera kudzaona manda a woyang'anira wa dziko Russian, ndi kamodzi mmodzi wa ansembe anaona masomphenya a kufunika kwa kutsegula manda a kalonga. Ndi mwambo waukulu manda anatsegula ndi chisanu modabwa - kusonkhanitsa anapereka palokha osabvunda thupi - zotsalira za Aleksandra Nevskogo. Ichi chinali umboni wa zodabwitsa za kalonga woyera. Iwo ananyamuka kuchokera pansi namsenza khansala (likasa kapena bokosi), kumene mpaka zotsalira m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Alexander Nevsky anali canonized ndi Mpingo yekha mu 1547, zomwe Komabe, sanaletse anthu kuchitira mkulu-wokonda moyo wodzimana ngati woyera, amene anapereka moyo wake onse kuti chitetezo cha dziko lake.

Chinsinsi cha zotsalira woyera

Akatswiri ambiri kwambiri chidwi funso, chimene chikutsimikizira zotsalira za Aleksandra Nevskogo lero. Pajatu adakali kutsutsana sayansi ammudzi za imfa ya zotsalira za m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu.

chakuti okayikira ambiri amatchula mfundo zolembedwa za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi. Iwo ananena kuti pa nthawi ya May moto m'zaka khumi ndi mochedwa, kuwotchedwa lonse la Khirisimasi obisika, ndi kuti kusanduka phulusa ndi zotsalira za Aleksandra Nevskogo. Koma m'mbiri ya m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, chochitika akufotokozedwa pang'ono mosiyana. Mlembi ananena kuti ankati, amonke ndi maso awo anaona holo kumene zotsalira za Aleksandra Nevskogo, moto mozizwitsa anapulumuka. Ndipo iwo ndi kukhazika okha Khirisimasi obisika.

Kumene, zimakhala zovuta kunena kumene nkhani zimenezi n'zoona. Munthu wakhala okha kudalira chakuti mphamvu anakhalabe pamaso ndipo pambuyo moto, motero zatha, palibe munthu akanakhoza. chopusitsira Izi zinali zosatheka kusiya padera, choncho akuluakulu a tchalitchi ndi otsimikiza kuti izi zotsalira Aleksandra Nevskogo anali akadali m'kachisi, ndi kuwasiya iwo okha pa Nthawi zina, pamene amadutsa m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana, Matchalitchi, mipingo ya dziko lathu ndi maiko oyandikana, kuti alimbitse zimawuluka m'chikhulupiriro.

Komabe, nthawi pa TV zinang'anima ndi phunziro lathu kuti kufufuza, ndi pachibwenzi 1922 chaka, akusonyeza kuti mu reliquary siliva anali zidutswa khumi okha mafupa a Chigaza popanda. Zinali chidina kwambiri, palibe amene akudziwa, chifukwa kuthetsa chinsinsi cha zotsalira lero, palibe mungathe. History amamuchititsa kusiya mafunso ambiri osayankhidwa.

St. Petersburg ndi St. Alexander Nevsky

Ngati mudzapempha wokhala aliyense likulu kumpoto, kumene zotsalira za Aleksandra Nevskogo ku St. Petersburg, ndiye, ndithudi, inu molondola kuyankha anthu ambiri. Koma chimene chimamanga mkulu-wokonda moyo wodzimana ndipo mzinda uwu wa Petra? Ndi yosavuta - ndi woyera imatengedwa woyang'anira wake, ndipo anathandizapo izi, ndithudi, autocrat, amene anabereka mzinda watsopano Russian pakati Wamkulu kumpoto nkhondo. Ndi kuyamika mfumu pano inamangidwa mpingo wa Alexander Nevsky, amene adatenga mphamvu mwa iwo malo a ulemu.

Kutanthauza Woyera Utatu Alexander Nevsky Laura mu SPb

Peter ndinali wolamulira wanzeru, ndipo zochita zake zonse m'nthawi ndi ana ankatchedwa patsogolo kaganizidwe, choncho zotsalira woyera anali ndi chidwi osati. Koma tiyeni onse mu dongosolo.

Mu 1710 mfumu kuganizira za kachisi polemekeza woteteza dziko Russian kwa mdani yachilendo. Kumbukirani kuti pa nthawi imeneyi kwa zaka zingapo, Peter ndinali pa nkhondo ndi asilikali a Sweden, ndipo anthu ankafunika chizindikiro kuti linauziridwa ndi kuwalimbikitsa anthu onse popanda yekha. Chithunzi cha Aleksandra Nevskogo ndi yabwino yoti udindo umenewu, chifukwa nayenso kumbuyo Russia ku Germany ndi asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda. Pakuti kachisi wa Mfumu anasankha mzinda wa Victoria. Moti kuti kumene kalonga woyera anagonjetsa kuphatikiza gulu lankhondo la mfumu ya ku Sweden. Koma kenako anatuluka kuti mayiko amenewa chigonjetso wina Aleksandra Nevskogo - Birger Jarl mu 1240.

Mulimonsemo, mkulu anakhala osati kokha chizindikiro cha invincibility mzimu Russian, komanso woyang'anira wa St. Petersburg, amene anakhala kumudzi wa mayiko Russian kumadzulo. Pa mfundo imeneyi, m'chaka cha 1723 mfumu inalamula kuti obisika kumene yomangidwa anatitumiza mphamvu Aleksandra Nevskogo. Mu St. Petersburg, chochitika wokonzedwera ndi kusamalidwa ndi sizikakutherani. Patapita ndondomeko zovuta anatsogolera yekha Peter Ine, ndipo monga tikudziwira, sakhululuka zolakwa miscalculations anthu.

Translation a zotsalira Aleksandra Nevskogo: Kukonzekera kwa chochitika

Kuti kusamutsa zotsalira woyera ulemu wonse kwa Vladimir kuti St. Petersburg, panafunika khansa, yomwe yanyamula kachisi. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, wina Zarudny anasankhidwa kutenga anapanga mu Moscow. Cancer ndi ntchito zenizeni za luso:

• miyendo eyiti mu mawonekedwe a yoteroyo mkango;
• miyendo korona akerubi chithunzi;
• chivundikiro cha Likasa anali chokongoletsedwa ndi manja a kalonga;
• pa khansa anachititsa fano la mitu mikango - wotchuka chizindikiro cha kuuka kwa akufa;
• hoisting dongosolo mu choyikapo amphamvu;
• Ine korona ndi denga pa tsinde la golide zida.

Kuti kusamutsa ndondomeko anapita bwino, m'chaka cha 1723, mwambo wapadera otukuka, omwe anali motere:

• anapeka njira zopatuka anali kutiletsa;
• njira yonse pamene likasa anali kukhala matrasti Peter Ine;
• khansa Land ofotokoza akanayenera adzanyamula anthu m'malo mzake m'mizinda osiyana;
• m'midzi lalikulu ntchito Jean kusamutsa likasa la atsogoleri achipembedzo.

Mphamvu Novgorod wakonzedwa madzi kupita ku St. Petersburg, kumene iwo akanati anakumana ndi Mfumu yekha.

Alexander Nevsky (Prince), mphamvu-kutengerapo ku St. Petersburg

Tsiku kulanda zotsalira za anasankhidwa ndi Peter ndipo N'zosadabwitsa, mu 1724 anali kupereka nthawi yaitali Pangano la Nystad, ndi mwambo chinali kudzipereka wapadera wa Woyera Utatu Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Mu July, zotsalira kumanzere Khirisimasi obisika ndipo anayamba ulendo kunyumba latsopano likulu kumpoto. Iwo anapita kukakumana Peter Ine ndekha ndi panokha anawapereka kwa ngalawayo. Pakamwa pa mtsinje Izhora , alimbane kavalidwe zonse, ndi chikondwerero pa nthawi ya kulanda zotsalira za St. Prince anapitiriza St. Petersburg kwa masiku atatu. Mu yomweyi, mfumu inalamula pachaka kukondwerera August 30 monga achipembedzo Orthodox tchuthi n'kukonza kukhazikitsa lamulo polemekeza Aleksandra Nevskogo. Koma osati mu nthawi, koma loto la Peter Ine anamvera mkazi wake, anapereka lamulo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma mphoto latsopano.

Tsoka la zotsalira za mkulu-wokonda moyo wodzimana kuchokera chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu mochedwa kwa m'ma makumi awiri

Zotsalira za Aleksandra Nevskogo Lavra anali ku makumi Mu zaka zapitazo. M'kupita kwa nthawi, chingalawa m'malo ndi khansa ya siliva. Kotero ine analamula mwana wa Peter I - Elizabeth. Nkhani anali ngati miyala kwa Kolyvansky kumunda, zinali siliva choyamba mu dziko. Khansa chokongoletsedwa ndi Antiokeya, ziboliboli, ndi pamwamba pa olembedwa kuika Buku la mapu chifanizo cha kalonga.

The wapadera masiku woyera pa zinthu zakale anali inaimitsidwa nyale, chokongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. Ambiri mafumu Russian ankaona kuti ndi ntchito yawo zopereka yokulirapo kwa ulemerero wa likasa ndi zotsalira za. Pafupifupi anapereka ansembe ena chinthu chapadera, kusonyeza kufunika kwa woyang'anira woyera wa St. Petersburg, osati kokha kwa mzinda koma kwa dziko lonse.

Mu 1922, kachisi inachotsedwa obisika ndi dongosolo la Committee District Petrograd ndi khansa inasanduka owonetsera zakale za Hermitage chionetsero. Pafupifupi zaka makumi palibe amene anali ndi chidwi ku dziko, kumene zotsalira za Aleksandra Nevskogo ali.

A kubwerera ku mizu

Mu 1989, malo opatulika wabwerera ku anaiwalika. Chimayenda malo wapachiyambi ku Kazan Museum of Religion ndipo kulibe Mulungu. Zinali holide zazikulu Orthodox ku Russia, amene ndi kuwalemekeza ankasewera akuyembekezera nthawiyi kwa zaka.

Patatha zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu za mphamvu kamodzinso anasiya Woyera Utatu Alexander Nevsky Lavra, koma nthawi imeneyi izikhala linali phwando losangalatsa - khansara nathawitsidwa ndi m'mizinda ikuluikulu yambiri ya dziko lathu ndi Latvia. Ngakhale chidutswa cha zotsalira imatumizidwa ku Bulgaria.

mipingo Orthodox anafika Vladimir, Pskov, Novgorod ndiponso mizinda ina ya ku Russia. Aliyense ankafuna osachepera kukhudza kwakung'ono kwa kachisi ndi kufunsa woyera Aleksandra Nevskogo pa chinachakenso. Ndipotu mphamvu akadali kuchita zozizwitsa umboni kuchiritsa kwa matenda okhulupirira kwambiri.

Zotsalira za St. Prince lero

Kodi zotsalira za Aleksandra Nevskogo ku St. Petersburg, pali lero? Funso limeneli kuyankha wokhala iliyonse m'deralo, chifukwa mpaka pano mzinda ndi tsiku kulanda zotsalira za Vladimir likulu kumpoto. Mwambo umenewu udasonkhana yomweyo pambuyo Soviet Union linagwa, ndipo mwachipembedzo ndi onse Orthodox ndipo ngakhale nzika wamba pachaka.

Mukufuna kudziwa kumene zotsalira za Aleksandra Nevskogo zimasungidwa mu tsiku lathu? Ndiye amapita Woyera Utatu Alexander Nevsky Lavra. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa chivundikiro cha Likasa ili ngakhale makumi asanu ndi anayi zotsalira za oyera mtima ena. Choncho, akubwera ansembe, mukhoza kuona osati chidina wapatali kwambiri wa Orthodox, komanso kukhudza tiakachisi mpingo wina. Anthu ambiri amanena kuti aliyense amene wabwera kuno ndi chikhulupiriro, onetsetsani kuti kupembedzera kwa Aleksandra Nevskogo ntchito zabwino.