Dutch matenda - chidwi kwambiri chodabwitsa mu chuma padziko lonse

Mayiko zachuma asapita - kuipidwa ndi m'zigawozigawo dongosolo, ndipo nthawi zina zovuta kudziwa mmene zinthu zina zimakhudza chitukuko zina. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, chinthu chimene zikuoneka pa koyamba unambiguously zabwino, amanyamula ena kuopseza chobisika kuti chuma cha dziko limene zidzachitika. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zimenezi ndi matenda Dutch. Komwe kali kuseri dzina vuto ndi mmene likutuluka, tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

Dutch matenda - kwenikweni ukapezeka chifukwa chakuti mu chimodzi kapena zingapo kumabungwe a zachuma chitukuko mofulumira akuyamba, imbaenda yolimbikitsa kwambiri mlingo kuwombola. Chifukwa cha izi zinkaoneka yabwino kwa chuma cha zochitika kungabweretse mavuto adzaoneni. Magwero ongolankhula akusonyeza kuti zilibe kanthu zimene gawo anayamba mbewuzi, komabe amadziwika kuti matenda Dutch limapezeka nthawi zambiri mu nkhani ya atulukira madipoziti lalikulu la mchere. Koma zodabwitsazi amatchedwa zotsatira za Groningen - polemekeza madera mu Netherlands, kumene madipoziti yaikulu gasi ankagwidwa oposa theka zapitazo.

Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane limagwirira cha zochita zomwe matenda Dutch Kukubweretsera masautso chuma. Chifukwa mchere (makamaka pankhani pofuna nkhuni chuma) ndi msika lonse ndi odula kwambiri, boma liyamba Tumizani chuma ku dziko msika, ndi chifukwa kuti akuyamba inflow kwambiri ndalama zakunja mu dziko. Kuenjezera nkhokwe yachilendo kumabweretsa lolimbikitsa la onse mwadzina ndi weniweni kusinthitsa ndalama ya ndalama dziko. Ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anayamba anati mavuto:

1) mtengo wa imports dziko yafupika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama zake. Chifukwa cha ichi, kuchuluka kwa katundu ukuwonjezeka. Pa nthawi yomweyo, katundu katundu wina osati chuma tatchulawa, Sizikuoneka choncho wokongola. Chifukwa, pakhala kuchepa kwambiri wolowa ukonde ndipo skewed mu dongosolo ake;

2) chifukwa chakuti gawo migodi tsopano zikuwoneka yopindulitsa kwambiri kuyamba kusintha kandalama chuma - umayamba kuchepa kwa mafakitale kupanga. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa kukula kwa ndalama ya chiwerengero gawo utumiki mukhoza kupitiriza kukula kwa nthawi yaitali, chifukwa kukula GDP zikhale pa mlingo chomwecho, kotero kuti kungasokoneze matenda Dutch ndi masked;

3) The inflow wa ndalama zakunja wobwezera chifukwa cha kusintha kunja amoyo, makamaka, kuonjezera ndalama za anthu (pano amachita mbali ya chinthu ndale - boma kuti m'chitetezo kutchuka ndi zovuta malipilo popanda kuganiza kuti iwo anatsimikizira ndi chuma chenicheni kukula). Choncho, umachuluka ndi kufunika akaphatikiza, amene sakhoza wokhutitsidwa ndi kupereka pa msika. Umayamba kwa sapota mmwamba flywheel cha kufufuma.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mu 1955 ndiye wophunzira wa zachuma Rybchinskiy anatsimikizira kuti kuwuka lakuthwa kumabungwe ena chuma kupondereza ena. Choncho, Rybczynski Lingaliro Lovomerezeka ndi matenda Dutch ndi inextricably zogwirizana: woyamba ndi chitsanzo ongolankhula, ndipo chachiwiri - kuzindikira ake othandiza.

mbiri Economic a kumayiko ena ndipo ayenera kuphunzira. Timakhulupilira kuti munthu utatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi, anthu ochepa okha amene amakayikira matenda Dutch mu Russia salinso anati khumi zoyambirira ndi wayamba kuyambira m'nthawi ya Soviet Union. Choncho m'pofunika kutengera zinachitikira Holland lomwelo komanso m'mayiko ena amachepetsa zotsatira za zodabwitsazi, ndipo tikuyembekezera kuti tsogolo la dziko lathu adzabwerera kwa kapangidwe zachibadwa za chuma.