Minaret - ndichiyani? Chiyambi, mbiri ndi maonekedwe a mitundu mapulani

Minaret m'lingaliro lenileni la mawu ndi chimake cha mamangidwe lonse Chisilamu. Nsanja - kwambiri diso kugwira mchitidwe yomanga, chinthu chachikulu kuti momveka bwino kwa apaulendo wachibwana ndi mzikiti pamaso pake. Komabe, zokongoletsera, mapulani Mbali - si zofunika minaret, ndi zofunika kuti magwiridwe ake.

Kodi minaret? chiphunzitso Basic cha chiyambi chake

Mawu "minaret" amachokera ku mawu a Chiarabu akuti "Manar" omwe anamasuliridwa amatanthauza "nyumba". Dzina, monga tikhoza kusunga minaret wophiphiritsa, ngati nyumba ndi cholinga kudziŵitsa. Pamene minarets woyamba m'midzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja pa nsonga za anthuwo zidawala moto pa ngalawa kuti mwachindunji njira kuti coves lapansi.

Pafupifupi zaka 100 zapitazo, Egyptologist Butler adati muyezo mawonekedwe a minarets wa Cairo mtundu wa Mamluk nyengo, ndilo linga osiyana-mapiramidi angapo anapereka chimodzi pa zina, ndi retrospective wa Alexandria yowunikira - ndi mapulani anazindikira zodabwitsa yamakedzana. Mwatsoka, chi anafika kufotokoza yekha Pharos Alexandria. Komabe, amadziwika kuti yowunikira linali lathunthu nthawi imene Aluya ku Iguputo, kuti kungoganizira za pobwereka mitundu wake mapulani ndi ndithu.

Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti minarets - kamangidwe olandira ziggurats Mesopotamia. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene amadziŵa bwino maonekedwe a nsanja yaitali ya kachisi, akhoza mme- kufanana kwake kwa 50 mita minaret ya Al-mallow mu Samarra.

Mmodzi wa mfundo za chiyambi mawonekedwe a minarets ndi pobwereka zoikamo awo mapulani ku nsanja mpingo. Baibulo limeneli limakhudza minarets lalikulu ndi cylindrical mtanda yachigawo mawonekedwe.

Kusankhidwa kwa minarets

Iwo anamva kuyitana kwa pemphero kuchokera minaret tsiku lililonse. Pamene mzikiti pali anthu ophunzitsidwa mwapadera - ndi muezzin, kwa akuluakulu amene maudindo monga tsiku zisanu nthawi zidziwitso za chiyambi cha pemphero.

Kuti akwere pamwamba pa minaret, + wa Kedesi Sharaf (khonde), ndi muezzin akukwera mwauzimu staircase mkati minaret lapansi. minarets osiyana ndi chiwerengero osiyana Sharafov (imodzi kapena ziwiri, kapena 3-4): The kutalika kwa minaret ndi chizindikiro kumene kumatsimikizira chiwerengero.

Popeza ena minarets mabwalo yopapatiza mu ichi masitepe mwauzimu angakhale osawerengeka, kuti kuwuka kwa makwerero wayamba wadutsamo lonse ndi zina pamatha maola (makamaka ngati muezzin anali akale).

Pakali pano ntchito muezzin zambiri m'Chingelezi chosavuta. Iye sipafinikanso kuti mukwere minaret. Kodi chichitike, mungafunse kuti, chimene chasintha chifukwa ulamuliro Chisilamu? Yankho lake ndi losavuta - patsogolo luso. Ndi chitukuko cha umisiri zidziwitso misa ntchito zonse muezzin anayamba kuchita wokamba wokwera pa Sharaf minaret nthawi 5 tsiku ilo basi ankaimba mbiri adhan - kuitana kwa pemphero.

Mbiri ya yomanga minarets

Mzikiti woyamba kwambiri ndi nsanja, chokhala minarets, inamangidwa ku Damasiko m'zaka za 8. mzikiti uwu unali 4 otsika lalikulu nsanja, pafupifupi osiyana msinkhu wonse wa nyumba mapulani. Aliyense nsanja munthu wa mzikiti zingaoneke amatikumbutsa minaret lapansi. Kodi Ife anasankha nsanja izi sanaphedwe ndi mpanda wa Roma Kachisi wa Jupiter, amene anali ataimirira pa malo mzikiti kale, sakudziwika bwinobwino.

Ena mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti nsanja Aroma kuchotsedwa chifukwa iwo ntchito ngati kumsikiti: muezzins anaitanira pa iwo kwa Asilamu pemphero. Patapita angapo nsonga pyramidal zinamangidwa pa nsanja izi anakhazikika, kenako anayamba amafanana minarets wa mtundu wa Mamluk nyengo ngati anthu Samarra.

Ndiye pali mwambo, malinga kumene plume akanatha kupanga mzikiti minaret kuposa wina. Facilities kuti zinamangidwa pa malamulo a olamulira, anali pachimake cha luso mapulani a Asilamu. Kulimbitsa malo ake a sultans kulamulira sanatero stint pa akumaliza ndi zipangizo, ganyu mapulani bwino ndi kumangidwanso mzikiti ndi minarets ambiri (6 ndipo ngakhale 7), nthawi zina analibe mphamvu thupi kutsiriza minaret wina. Kodi zingatanthauze lonse ofanana, ukulu, lotayirira pomanga mizikiti ndi minarets, tingasonyeze nkhani zotsatirazi.

Pamene anamanga Suleymaniye Mosque, panali yopuma yaitali chifukwa zifukwa zosadziwika. Atamva zimenezi, Safavid Shah Tahmasib Ine n'cholinga kunyoza ndi Sultan anamutuma bokosi la ngale ndi zokongoletsera, kotero kuti iwo anali kupitiriza yomanga. Sultan, anakwiya ndi kunyozedwa, analamula wamanga wake unagawanika ngale onse, knead iwo nkhani zomangamanga ndi kumanga izo kuchokera minaret lapansi. Malinga ndi ena timva mosadziwika kuti minaret wa Suleymaniye mzikiti kwa nthawi yaitali ndi iridescent dzuwa.

Kumangidwa kwa minarets

The minaret wa mzikiti zimabweretsa umodzi amalenga ndi limodzi mapulani zovuta ake. Pali zinthu zingapo zofunika n'kupanga minaret. Kodi ndi zinthu izi zowoneka, Tingaone pafupifupi zovuta mzikiti.

minaret nsanja wokwera pa maziko olimba a miyala clamping zipangizo.

Pamodzi ndi kukafika kutsogolo kwa nsanja ali ndi kulumikizidwa khonde Sharaf, amene nawonso, amadalira mukarny - kukongoletsa ledges kuti atumikire monga kuthandiza khonde.

Pamwamba pa minaret ndi cylindrical nsanja Petek, amene kukazikoloŵeka ndi spire ndi kachigawo a.

Kwenikweni minarets ndi mwala wosemedwa, chifukwa ndi wolimba kwambiri ndi cholimba zakuthupi. Kapangidwe mkati mwa kulimbikira operekedwa ndi stairwell zokhalamo.