Information za France. French Pulezidenti. NKHANI France Nature

France - Dziko ili kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Kum'mwera gawo izo anansi ake ndi Andorra ndi Spain, mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa - ndi Luxembourg ndi Belgium, kum'mawa - ndi Italy ndi Switzerland, ndipo mu kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kum'mawa - ndi Germany. The kum'mwera kwa dziko osambitsidwa ndi nyanja ya Mediterranean, Western - Bay a Biscay, kumpoto chakumadzulo - Straits wa Pas-de-Calais ndi English Channel.

General zokhudza France

Mu ulamuliro wa dziko ili pafupi. Corsica mu Nyanja Mediterranean, mabungwe a Martinique, Guadeloupe, kukumananso ndi French Guiana, komanso Caledonia Chatsopano, Miquelon, Saint-Pierre, Polynesia French ndi ena archipelagos Pacific.

ndi dera la France chiyani? Ndi 551 zikwi makilomita lalikulu. Kumadzulo ndi kumpoto mbali ya dziko - chigwa chachikulu ndi otsika mapiri ozungulira. Center kum'mawa - malo a mapiri sing'anga-mkulu, lomwe ndi Massif chapakati ndi Jura ndi Vosges. Natural kumalire ndi Spain kum'mwera chakumadzulo kupanga Pyrenees. The chimbuzi cha anati unyolo phiri ndi Pie de A vignemale (3298 m). Wotchuka French Alps mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa dziko.

Mitsinje waukulu otchedwa khoka, Laura Garonne. mudziwe France ikuphatikiza mfundo chidwi: nyanja ku dziko kakang'ono, ndipo waukulu wa iwo (Geneva) ndi gawo lalikulu mu Switzerland.

Waukulu zachilengedwe monga malasha, chitsulo miyala, bauxite, nthaka, mitengo ndi nsomba. 32% ya dziko ndi olimapo dziko, 27% - tchire ndi nkhalango, 23% - msipu meadows.

anthu

Anagonjera mudziwe zambiri zokhudza France kuthandiza mudziwe zambiri za anthu a m'dziko lokongolali. Choncho, mu gawo la boma ndi kunyumba kwa anthu oposa makumi asanu ndi anai miliyoni. Anthu kachulukidwe ndi za 104 anthu pa kilometre lalikulu. Ambiri okhala - France (95%), mitundu ina ndi Bretons, Catalans, Basques, Germany, Chipwitikizi, Italy, Algeria, Moroccans ndi Turkey.

Chimatengedwa ngati chiyankhulo wogwira French. Ena amanena mu Chibasiki, Alsatian, Chiburetoni, Chikatalani, Provençal, Chikosika. nainte ya anthu kutsatira Chikatolika, ena ali Ayuda, Achiprotestanti, Asilamu. Pa moyo amayembekezeka, amuna ndi zaka 74, ndi akazi - 82.

Wamphamvu nzika ali makamaka ntchito mu gawo utumiki (61.5%), makampani (31.3%) ndi ulimi (7.3%).

mbali nyengo

Mu mayiko ambiri a mapangidwe nyengo limapezeka mchikakamizo cha misa ukundipweteka Atlantic mpweya, choncho advantageously chinyezi, kutentha, odziletsa, ndi m'madzi.

Nyengo kwambiri chinyezi mu Brittany. Masiku pali zambiri mitambo, mphepo yamphamvu, pakati pa dzinja ndi chirimwe kutentha, kusiyana ndi yaing'ono. Komabe, si yabwino ndithu nyengo yodziwika ayi lonse la France. Chidule cha mfundo Mwachitsanzo, pa likulu la bomali, kulimbikitsa apaulendo. Choncho, yozizira ku Paris zofewa thermometer kawirikawiri ukufika milingo boma ziro. Zambiri aakulu phiri nyengo ya Alps, ndi Massif Central, ndi Pyrenees - pamene gawo la mvula, kuzizira, mphepo, matalala pafupifupi konse mmusi.

ofatsa yozizira - m'dera kum'mawa kwa gombe, pa Riviera. Kutentha ambiri July mu Nice - madigiri 23 Celsius January - eyiti pansi pa ziro.

zambiri za nyengo za France ndi wodzilemekeza ndi mfundo ina: mvula pachaka ndi pakati mazana asanu ndi limodzi zikwi millimeters, ndipo anagawira m'dziko lonselo wogawana. Yekha ndi gombe Mediterranean, caressed ndi dzuwa ofunda zambiri kuposa madera ena.

Information za dziko chomera

Mwatsoka, panopa% 25 a dziko aphimbidwa ndi nkhalango, ngakhale m'mbuyomu, zimakwana anali ndi zaka 90%. Timapepala waukulu zili kumpoto Alps, ndi Jura ndi Vosges. nkhalango French ali makamaka popangidwa ndi mitengo deciduous. Ambiri mwa mitengo ndi beeches. Mwa oimira chimaposa softwood pine. Kumpoto kwa dziko zikusonyeza mumamera ndi thundu nkhalango ndi kusakanizikana kwa alder, hornbeam, birch. Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chimakhala chogwidwa ndi chinyezi-wachikondi mumamera. Mbali khalidwe la zone chapakati Paris beseni ndi - minda ndi meadows, agwilitse zigwa lotseguka. otsetsereka South-kumadzulo ya Massif Central ndi Corsica akhoza kudzitama nkhalango zokongola mgoza.

A nthumwi ankaikira zakutchire zomera Mediterranean - maquis, umene ndi wandiweyani otsika m'nkhalango kuwoloka, zomwe zigwirizana kungokhala pamodzimodzi holm thundu, mtengo wa mchisu, oleander, mlombwa, udzu ndi osatha xerophytic yobiriwira zitsamba zolimba.

Features zinyama

M'zaka zapitazi, dziko wakhala nkhalango zochepa, osati. France The zomera amadziwikanso kwadzaoneni. Ichi ndi chifukwa kusaka mosaganizira ndi zochita za anthu ndi kufooka kwa moyo. Komabe, zinyama France ndi watanthauzo kwambiri kuposa mayiko ena a ku Ulaya.

West Spain ameneŵa paki ndi malo za makumi bulauni zimbalangondo ndi Vanoise Park (Savoie) ndiye yekha pogona mwala mbuzi. Pa gawo la dziko moyo nkhandwe, yoongoka, otters, genets, agologolo, mileme, makoswe ndi mbewa, akalulu. Corsica Tingaone nkhosa yam'tchire - makolo ayenera nkhosa. Dziko ndi kunyumba kwa mitundu ya mbalame, mwa ambiri - larks, grouse, kumeza, partridges, mu nkhokwe chikhalidwe kum'mwera kwa mphama moyo. Izi ndi mbali ya chikhalidwe cha France.

The chipangizo boma, chipani zamakono

The Republic French - dzina lovomerezeka la France. Information za dziko amalola kupeza zotani boma - Malawi mutsogoleli wadziko. The zikuchokera m'dera dziko makumi awiri Ponena. Nawonso, ogaŵikana m'madipatimenti nainte-sikisi. Likulu la bomali ndi Paris.

M'zaka wachisanu iwo anapanga ufumu achifulanki. Mu 1792, mabwalo woyamba unali kulengezedwa. M'malamulo otsiriza anatengera mu July 1958, pa chinayi wa 1792 anali Bastille. Kuyambira pamenepo, tsiku limeneli anali chikondwerero.

The Pulezidenti French ndi mphamve zosankha nduna yaikulu - mutu wa Bungwe la nduna.

Kukhazikitsa mphamvu zokonza malamulo akuupereka mu yamalamulo bicameral. Nyumba wotsika ukufanizidwa ndi National Assembly, ndi pamwamba - wanyumbayi. Mwa magulu akuluakulu a ndale ndi zotsatirazi: Republican, French Socialist, Communist, kusonkhana kwa Republic, ndi Front National ndi Union of French Democracy.

Za chuma ndi zoyendera aya

Limodzi la mayiko olemera mu dziko - France. Information za dziko umaphatikizapo mfundo zotsatirazi: makampani waukulu, kupanga kotala ya GDP pachaka - ndi magalimoto, mankhwala, nsalu, migodi, processing chakudya, zamagetsi, ndi zitsulo, ndege ndi makina. Chifukwa malo waukulu wa nthaka yachonde, kugwiritsa ntchito umisiri wamakono ndi thandizo la boma ndi Mlengi atongi wa ulimi lonse Ulaya.

Panopa gawo utumiki wayamba mbali zofunika kwambiri pa chuma. Komanso, pali kukula pazachuma pansi zochita EU a. Wakumanga kugula France asapita? Makampani ndi ulimi monga mmene tafotokozera pamwambapa, mbali yofunika kwambiri mu kuonetsetsa chitukuko cha dziko. The mankhwala a mafakitale awa tsopano chidwi Germany, Italy, Spain, Great Britain, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, Japan ndi United States.

A wachitatu wa onse njanji dziko la inasangalatsa. A utali wonse wa makilomita 34.568. Anthu oposa theka la misewu onse kunapangitsa ndi phula. A okwana makilomita miliyoni 1,5514. Kutalika kwa madzi ndi makilomita zikwi khumi ndi zisanu. Madoko waukulu France - Dunkirk, Le Havre, Rouen, Bordeaux ndi Nantes-Saint-Nazaire.

A mbiri pang'ono

Mu zaka za m'ma woyamba BC Gau (ichi alitcha dziko la France amakono) iwo unagonjetsedwa ndi asilikali a Roma. M'zaka za zana lachisanu AD, m'dera anakhala kunyumba kwa Afulanki. Kuyambira pamenepo, iwo pang'onopang'ono anaphatikizana ndi anthu akuderalo. Ufumu Wachifulanki nditafika pachimake cha mphamvu mu nthawi ya ulamuliro Karla Velikogo - woimira ufumu wa Carolingian. Iye bwinobwino kufalitsa chikhulupiriro wachikhristu kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, ufumu waukulu unatha.

The 987 chaka mafumu anayamba kulamulira Capet. Iwo anakwanitsa kubwezeretsa wofooka malo a mfumu monga mutu wa boma. French chikoka ali kwambiri kuchuluka m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chitatu, mu ulamuliro wa Philip II ndi Louis IX. Last bwinobwino ankaimba udindo wa muweruzi likhoza nkhondo pakati pa mayiko a ku Ulaya.

Pambuyo wolowa nyumba yomaliza ya Filipo Fair analowa dziko lina, akuluakulu a boma Valois. imeneyi ya dzikoli sitinganene kuti kuwala. France wakhala wofooka osati zaka mazana 'nkhondo, koma mliri wa makoswe ndi njala. Komabe, ndiye kuti dziko kukhalanso nzika kwambiri kulimbitsa, tikuyamika Joan waku Arc.

dziko lina anati kundiyendera bwino m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, pamene boma linali Louis XIV. Patapita zaka mazana aŵiri, chifukwa cha vuto la absolutism mphamvu mfumu zinali zochepa mu France. Dziko anatchedwa Republic mu 1792.

Pulezidenti woyamba wa France - Napoleon III - akugwira impso mphamvu 1852 mpaka chaka cha 1870-TH. Panopa dziko m'ndende ndi Fransua Olland.

magalimoto makampani

Magalimoto opangidwa ku France, ndi chodziwika ndi otchuka kunja kwa dzikoli chifukwa kudalilika mtheradi kukakumana ndi zonse zofunika panopa chitetezo. opanga kwambiri lalikulu - Renault ndi Peugeot Citroen. Iwo kupereka mankhwala kudziko, osati Europe komanso Asia ndi US. Chifukwa chakuti opanga yaikulu m'dziko ziwiri zokha, Ndizachidziwikire monopolization malonda. French magalimoto - izi ndi 90% ya chitukuko cha makampani awiri zatchulidwazi. Pakuti Renault ndi Peugeot Citroen kampani ntchito okwana awiri ndi anthu miliyoni ndi theka.

Ngakhale kuti anthu mtheradi anasangalala ndi magalimoto French kunyumba ndi kunja, alimi m'deralo ndi mavuto ena. Ndipo yapadera, zomwe akatswiri kupereka chidwi kwambiri, ndi kuchepetsa ndalama yopanga. Monga ofufuza apeza, kusiyana ambiri ku mtengo wa East galimoto European ndi French zimasiyanasiyana limodzi ndi zikwi theka mayuro. Nthawi zambiri ndi mtengo wokongola kwambiri ndi kulingalira chinthu pamene kugula galimoto. Kukwera mtengo kwa magalimoto French angafotokozedwe osati khalidwe zigawo wangwiro ndi zipangizo, komanso ogwira ntchito olimba malipiro, ndi misonkho yokongola.

Magalimoto makampani mu dziko panopa mavuto. Izi zimayambira pa kuchepa kufunika ogula mavuto kukongoza ndi mavuto ena azachuma. Pofuna kukhala ndi nkhawa kutsogolera a boma pamodzi ndi European Union zachitika pulogalamu ndalama ithandiza kupulumuka mavuto ndi zomvetsa kochepa.

zowoneka

Khadi Business France - ndi, ndithudi, Tower Eiffel. Linamangidwa mu 1889 pamene dziko lokongola pakhomo pa World Chiwonetsero. Izo zinakonzedwa kuti zaka makumi awiri kenako, koma, monga ife tonse tikudziwa, iye limagwira diso la alendo komanso anthu am'deralo lero. Ndipo mathokozo onse ndi kubwera kwa wailesi: pamwamba pa Tower Eiffel komanso zotheka anapita kukhazikitsa mkulu-mphamvu tinyanga.

Ndi nyumba imeneyi lodziwika bwino chikugwirizana lalikulu chisokonezo Mu zaka zapitazo, izo bungwe mu 1925. Daredevil Victor Lyustrig anasonkhana Msonkhano wapadera wa amalonda olemera dziko. Iye anandiuza kuti boma akufuna kugulitsa nsanja kwa zidutswa. Kapangidwe lonse awombole Andre Poisson. Iye anapereka woba lowoneka ndalama ndalama. Ngakhale pambuyo chinyengo cha anali wamaliseche, Poisson sanapite apolisi chifukwa sindikufuna kukhala chinthu chotonzedwa konsekonse. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Lyustrig kugulitsidwa nsanja wina mlenje zidutswa.

Inu mukufuna kukhala mu chikhalidwe cha mwanaalirenji zidzasintha? Pitani ku Versailles. yachifumu ili makilomita makumi awiri ndi likulu la dzikoli. Izo poyamba zinakonzedwa kuti amange unremarkable kusaka mphanga kwa Louis XII. Yomanga inayamba mu 1634. Pa kenaka zaka makumi asanu Versailles chikuwonjezeka kuti anakhala nyumba yachifumu yaikulu kwambiri ku Europe. Iye anachita ntchito ya nyumba yachifumu mpaka French kuukira boma. Panopa yachifumu ndi chipilala mbiri atetezedwe UNESCO. Chaka chilichonse kukaona ndi alendo ambiri.

Paris, ndithudi, ndiko kuchimake kwa chikhalidwe dziko. wapadera kamangidwe amati ake anapanga kwa zaka zambiri. Ngakhale mitundu m'njira zosiyana mumzinda anatha kusunga umodzi luso. Dziko wotchuka mapulani zipilala - ichi Notre Dame ndi Pantheon, ndi Campus Martius, ndi Arc de Triomphe. Anthu ambirimbiri apitako chaka chilichonse kubwera ku dziko kuyenda mwa Bois de A Botanic Garden ndi nkhalango, kutenga zikuwonjezereka masiku ano mlandu Eurodisneyland ndi kusangalala Montmartre.