Mitundu, masitaelo ndi njira mawuwo kulankhulana

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu akuti ndi njira kwa mawu kulankhulana ndinayamba kuphunzira mu makalasi 4, koma ambiri akuganiza mwatsatanetsatane okha wachisanu. Nthawi zambiri, ana sakumvetsa mitundu ya subordination ubale. Kuti timvetse mitundu ya mawu, muyenera kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane pa aliyense wa iwo ndi kupanga zitsanzo za.

Njira subordination ubale mu akuti

Mawu akuti amatanthauza pawiri mawu 2 kapena zambiri. mawu awa umanena tanthauzo ndi grammatically. The peculiarity onse mawu kuti iwo monga mawu chachikulu ndi yozungulira. Njira mawu kulankhulana - mutu ndi chochititsa manyazi kwambiri kwa ophunzira mu kalasi lachisanu. Komabe, ndikofunika kuphunzira chifukwa adzafunika ana mu sukulu yake.

Onse akatswiri a zinenero ndi philologists kusiyanitsa 3 waukulu njira kulankhula ndi mawu yozungulira mu mawu: pangano, contiguity ndi ulamuliro. subordinating njira kulumikizana mu akuti mosavuta ndipo nthawi zambiri osokonezeka. Pofuna kudziwa zimene mtundu wa subordinating kugwirizana amanena mawu, muyenera kumvetsa ndi zitsanzo zonse mwatsatanetsatane pa iwo.

mtundu Communication chiyanjo

njira A kulankhulana zofanana mawu zambiri. Ofananira - ndi mtundu wa kulankhulana umene mawu yozungulira mogwirizana ndi chachikulu choncho, chiwerengero chawo komanso jenda. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mawu onse variable, koma ndi kusintha onse chimodzimodzi. Ganizo ndi mtundu Chilolezo zigwirizana nauni, zomwe kawirikawiri atenge mbali ya mawu zazikulu, mogwirizana ndi adjective kapena ordinal numeral, participle, puronauni.

Zitsanzo za kugwirizana kwambiri ndi mawu

Polingalira mawu njira zolankhulirana, m'pofunika disassemble ndi chifukwa zitsanzo zonse mwatsatanetsatane, kuti kuphunzira zinthu bwino. Zitsanzo zonse muyenera thanani mu kope, kuti achite kusanthula mozama ntchito ndi pensulo. Only mu nkhani iyi, nkhaniyo ili ophunzira bwino ndi zovuta kukumbukira. Chinthu choyamba kumvetsa kuchita kuti harmonization zimenezi n'kofunika kuti kunja mawu akuti ndi ulalo. zitsanzo:

• Nauni + adjective:

Wokongola nyumba (chiyani? A nyumba yokongola). "Nyumba" - ndi mawu ofunika kwambiri, monga funso anamfunsa Iye, "kodi?". "Wokongola" - amadalira mawu akuti.

Green chule (Chule chiyani? Green). "Chule" - awa ndi mawu ofunika kwambiri, chifukwa kwa iye akupemphedwa kusiya.

• Nauni + chiwerengero ordinal:

Chachisanu pansi (pansi chiyani? Chachisanu). mawu onse chikufanana chiwerengero, jenda ndi mlandu. mawu yozungulira ndi chiwerengero ordinal "zisanu", monga kwapatsidwa kwa funso la mphunzitsi.

Pa wogula zana (wogula bwanji? Hundredths). Mawu kugwira ntchito ndi "wogula", anafunsa iye ordinal chiwerengero "zana".

• Nauni + participle:

Zinyalala (kanthu? Omwazikana). mawu yozungulira udzakhala pano kwa sakramentili "kubalalitsa" monga kwapatsidwa kwa funso la mphunzitsi.

Masamba wagwa (masamba chiyani? The wagwa). Mawu kugwira ntchito ndi "masamba", chifukwa funso adamfunsa Iye.

• Nauni + puronauni:

Ndi amako (amayi amene? Anu). Ndipo dependencies, ndi mawu waukulu ndi chikufanana pa za jenda, chiwerengero ndi mlandu. Mawu chachikulu chimene nauni, chifukwa kwa iye anapempha kuti puronauni.

Munthu wotereyu (a munthu wotani? A). Mawu zazikulu kukhala "munthu", chifukwa kwa iye akupemphedwa kusiya.

• Puronauni nauni + (adjective participle kapena substantivized):

Ndi munthu wosangalala (amene chiyani? Oseketsa). Mawu zazikulu kukhala puronauni, kuyambira kwa iye akupemphedwa kusiya.

Mu chinachake wokongola (chinachake chimene? Chokongola). Mawu chachikulu ndi puronauni, chifukwa funso amaperekedwa kwa adjective yozungulira kwa izo.

• Nauni (substantivized adjective) + adjective:

White bafa (kusamba zomwe ndi zoyera). Mawu zazikulu kuti substantivized adjective, chifukwa funso adamfunsa Iye. The adjective "woyera" - yozungulira.

Loderako kupumula (kupumula chiyani? Loderako). "Mpumulo" adzakhala liwu lalikulu, chifukwa funso chichokera kwa iye, ndi "Satana" - yozungulira.

Mtundu wa kasamalidwe kugwirizana

Njira mawu kulankhulana, monga ife tikudziwira, pali mitundu itatu. Management - njira ina yolankhulira. Nthawi zambiri ndi nawo chisokonezo ndi mavuto kusukulu. Kuti iwo panalibe ayenera kuganizira mtundu wa kugwirizana mwatsatanetsatane.

The njira kulankhulana kasamalidwe mawu - ndi mtundu wa ubale wa subordination, imene mawu yozungulira ntchito milandu, chimene chimafuna mawu ofunika (milandu yochepa oblique, ndiye chirichonse kupatula nominative pa). Pa kayendetsedwe ka ana kawirikawiri amakhala ndi mavuto chifukwa kovuta kusiyanitsa mitundu ina ya kasamalidwe. kulankhulana kotereku ndi kulabadira ndi kulimbikira pa izo. M'pofunika kumbukirani kuti mitundu yonse ya mawu kulankhulana kumafuna mchitidwewu ndi chiphunzitso kuloweza.

Zitsanzo mawu ndi kasamalidwe kulankhulana

Taonani zitsanzo mawuwo, anamanga pa kasamalidwe kulankhulana:

• Pa nkhani imeneyi, mawu akuti "ulamuliro", ndi zambiri mawu ndi mneni ndi mawu yozungulira - ndi nauni:

View chokulungira (onani kuti? Akunyengerera). Mawu ndicho akuti "kuona". Kuyambira akufunsa "kodi?" kwa nauni "chokulungira". Sitingathe kunena "penyani filimu", chifukwa Kungakhale kulakwitsa kwa kulankhula. Ganizo mawu yozungulira ntchito milandu, chimene chimafuna kuti mfundo.

Ine ndithamanga mu jinzi (kuthamanga chiyani? Mu jinzi). Mau akuti "athamangadi" ndi liwu lalikulu, ndi "jinzi" - yozungulira.

• Mawu ndi kasamalidwe kulankhulana amathanso zigwirizana ndi adjective ndi puronauni:

Ndimagwirizana ndi iye (amagwirizana ndi wina? Naye). Kuyambira adjectives mwachidule "Ndikuvomereza" akufunsa puronauni, kutanthauza kuti nkofunika.

Ine ndikutsimikiza iwo (ndithudi aliyense? Mmenemo). Quick adjective ndi liwu lalikulu, ndi puronauni amene funso linafunsidwa, wodalira.

• Njira mawu kulankhulana angathe kuchitidwa moti mawu ofunika ndi adjective, ndi nauni yozungulira.

Red ndi kuzizira (wofiira ku chiyani? Frost). The adjective "ofiira" chapakati kuti mawuwa ndi nauni "chisanu" - yozungulira.

Pokhumudwa mwana wake (amene zoipa? Kuti mwana wamkazi). Mawu "Mwana" chimadalira, chifukwa kuti apemphe kwa yozungulira.

• manauni Mwinanso kukhala zigawo za mawu akuti:

Mdani wa Anthu (mdani amene? Anthu). Nauni "mdani" zimagwiritsa chifukwa funso anamupempha kuti yozungulira "anthu."

Spoons siliva (supuni chiyani? Zasiliva). Nauni "supuni" ndi zazikulu, ndi mawu akuti "siliva" - yozungulira.

• Numeral kungakhale makamaka akuti, ndi nauni - yozungulira.

Atatu madontho (zitatu zimene? Dontho). "Zitatu" - awa ndi mawu ofunika kwambiri, ndipo "akutsikira" - yozungulira.

Miyezi khumi ndi iwiri (khumi chiyani? Miyezi). The numeral ndi mawu olemekezeka ndi nauni yozungulira.

• The adverb ndi liwu lalikulu mu mawu m'manja kulankhula, ndi nauni - yozungulira:

Kwa yakumanzere ya nyumbayo (kumanzere kwa chiyani? Kuyambira nyumba).

Msewu (yotani? Msewu The).

• Pali mawu pamene liwu lalikulu ndi gerund, ndipo amadalira - nauni:

Kuwatsata (kuonera ndani? Kwa iwo). Gerund ndi liwu lalikulu, chifukwa funso abwera amadalira izo.

Ponena za nkhani (chiyani? Kuti nkhani). The nauni mu dative mu mawu amenewa yozungulira mawu, chifukwa kwapatsidwa kwa funso la gerunds "kutembenuka."

mtundu Communication abutment

A njira kulankhulana mawu akuti contiguity - ndi chomaliza kuphunzira mau mitundu kugwirizana. Mu ganizo ndi kugwirizana abutting mawu komanso yozungulira, ndipo ambiri Chofunika, chikugwirizana ndi mzake mwamsanga pamene tanthauzo lake. Mawu ofunikira ndi wosasintha.

Zitsanzo mawu kulankhulana adjacency

Pofuna kumvetsa mmene mfundo mogwirizana, mitundu yonse ya zitsanzo ayenera disassembled mwatsatanetsatane:

• Nauni, mneni, adjective + infinitive mneni:

mwayi kukhala (kuthekera kuchita? Khalani). Amadziwika kuti kugwirizana abutment ikuchitika yekha tanthauzo. The nauni "mwayi" ndi liwu lalikulu, pamene infinitive Mawu akuti "kukhala" chimadalira, chifukwa funso adamfunsa Iye.

Zitsanzo zina: yothetsera kukumana kufuna kusiya sayansi maganizo, mtima wofuna kuphunzira. Kwenikweni mawu mawu onse adzakhala nauni ndi yozungulira - infinitive.

Anandilola ndiyetu (kuti analola? Mpsompsoneni). mawu onse ali mamembala a kasewenzetsedwe ka mau. Mawu ndicho akuti "tiyeni", ndipo amadalira - ". Kumpsompsona" infinitive

Zitsanzo zina: amakonda kuyenda, anadza kuseka, akufuna kubwera, ndinayamba kuwerenga izo. Mu zitsanzo izi zonse, mawu amadalira infinitive, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - mneni.

Ndipite (ayenera zimenezi? Kuchokapo). Mawu ntchito ndi lalifupi adjective "ayenera" ndipo yozungulira, kumene funso linafunsidwa, ndi infinitive.

Zitsanzo zina: ufulu amabwezera zabwino kuona, wokonzeka kuyankha. Mu zitsanzo izi zonse, mawu zazikulu kukhala achidule adjective mukudalira - infinitive.

• Nauni + adverb:

tembenuzirani (kutembenukira kuti? kumanja). Mawu chachikulu chimene nauni, "Kulowera", ndipo amadalira adverb "Chabwino."

Mitundu ya mawu pa mawu waukulu

Kukhala subordinating kugwirizana akutanthauza akuti, kupita kuphunzira mutu wa mitundu ikuluikulu ya ma mawu mawu. Total kusiyanitsa magulu 3 malinga waukulu mawu akuda.

nauni mawu

Mwadzina osakaniza - ndiwo anthu osakaniza imene mawu yaikulu ndi nauni, puronauni, adjective kapena numeral. Zitsanzo za mwadzina mawu osakaniza: pinki njovu (kiyi mawu - ndi nauni), asanu madontho (kiyi mawu - ndi numeral), wodala kuyesa (kiyi mawu - ndi adjective mwachidule), ndi bwino (kiyi mawu - puronauni).

ma mneni

Mneni mawu - ndiwo anthu osakaniza imene liwu lalikulu, kawirikawiri mneni. Zitsanzo za mawu apakamwa: kupita kutali, kuti aname, kupita onani, kupita mosangalala (mawu chachikulu mawu amenewa ndi mawu).

adverbial mawu

Adverbial mawu ndi anthu ma imene liwu lalikulu ndi adverb. Zitsanzo za adverbial mawu: nthawi zonse, pamwamba chinsinsi, kuchokera Russia (mawu chachikulu mawu amenewa ali adverbs).

Mitundu kulankhulana mawu saiwalika Ngati nthawi zambiri amachita ndi kuphunzira chiphunzitso kutero.