Short adjectives. Adjectives mu mawonekedwe mwachidule

Mfundo zimenezi adjective ndi, amadziwika kuti aliyense wa sukulu. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amadziwa malamulo a kalembedwe la mbali ya kulankhula, komanso pa gulu lililonse, izo lagawidwa ndi zina zotero.

zambiri

Adjective ndi mbali ya mawu amene akufotokoza katundu ndi makhalidwe a zinthu (mwachitsanzo, mpando wakale), chochitika (ngozi zosaneneka), limati (amphamvu kukhuza), ndi zochitika zina za dziko loyandikira (a ubwana kovuta). Komanso, adjective amatanthauza chinthu cha winawake (mokakamiza mayi anga, foxhole).

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya

Malinga ndi mmene ndi chizindikiro amaimira adjective ali ndi zinthu zimene uli katundu kalembedwe, gawo ili la mawu ali m'magulu awa:

• wachibale;
• khalidwe;
• odzikundikira.

adjectives wachibale

gulu limeneli limafotokoza katundu wa chizindikiro chilichonse, kanthu kapena chinthu kudzera ubale wake ndi zina, kanthu kapena nkhani.

Nazi zitsanzo zina: a bookcase, madzi gelegedeya, masewera ana, mphamvu zowononga Brazil, mtedza awiri nkhonya, zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo ndi zina zotero.

adjectives Mkhalidwe

Kagulu ali ndi makhalidwe ake, akuti:

• Amatanthauza zikhumbo za zinthu: (. Amphamvu, wandiweyani, wandiweyani, ndi zina zotero) zaka (yakale), kukula (wodwalayo), liwiro (burodibandi), mtundu (buluu), makhalidwe anthu (zoipa), ziyenera (yachibadwa), thupi katundu.
• Mitundu ina madigiri chitsanzo, monga kwambiri (kwambiri, kwambiri zobisika, zofunika kwambiri, zofunika kwambiri) ndi poyerekeza (wamphamvu, wowonda, chofunika kwambiri, ndi zina zotero.).
• Ndi mitundu yochepa (mwachitsanzo, kudya, mafuta, ndi wamphamvu T. D.). Tikumbukenso kuti adjectives mwachidule akhoza kupangidwa osati kwa onse Mkhalidwe.

adjectives odzikundikira

Adjectives gulu limeneli kuyankha funso "amene?" Ndipo ananenanso kuti mamembala chinachake nyama (kalulu dzenje, mkaka wa ng'ombe) kapena munthu (chikwama bambo anga, Petina makina). Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti onse kulamula adjective mtundu wa zamoyo manauni ntchito suffixes monga -nin, zinatha, chikufanana, -ev, Male.

Nazi zitsanzo zina: agogo - agogo; bambo - makolo ndi zina zotero.

Quick adjective

Kuwonjezera kulekana wachibale, Mkhalidwe ndi kulamula gulu, gawo ili la kulankhula ndi osiyana ndi yeniyeni mitundu. Choncho, chinenero cha Chirasha ndi:

• lalifupi;
• wodzala adjectives.

Komanso, woyamba kupangidwa ndi mtundu wachiwiri kuchepetsa. Pofuna kumvetsa chimene chalakwika adjectives lalifupi muyenera kuganizira malamulo onse zokhudza mapangidwe awo ndi kalembedwe. Ndipotu yekha zambiri adzalola kuti molondola ntchito gawo ili la mawu analemba Malemba, kapena kucheza m'kamwa.

mapeto a

Adjectives mu mawonekedwe mwachidule mu chimodzi zotsatirazi generic kutsekedwa:

• Chachikazi - kothera kutanthauza. Nazi zitsanzo zina: watsopano, woonda, wamphamvu, zowonda ndi zina zotero.
• Chachimuna - ziro kutha. Zitsanzo: amphamvu, wamphamvu, zowonda atsopano, okongola ndi molunjika.
• Neuter - mathero -o kapena -e (wokongola, wamphamvu, wolimba, latsopano, zoipa, woonda, etc.).

Ochulukitsa, kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa gawo ili la funso mu mawonekedwe zikusowa. Choncho, adjectives onse ndi mwachidule kutsekedwa kapena m m (amphamvu, wamphamvu, wokongola, latsopano, wachisomo toschi etc.).

Features mawonekedwe kochepa

Monga mukuonera, gawo ili la mawu akhoza kudalira umayi tchuthi ndi chiwerengero. Komabe, munthu ayenera kukumbukira kuti adjectives lalifupi konse pa milandu. Mu pempholo, mamembala otero zambiri kutumikira monga mkhalidwe wa.

Nawa perimer: Iye ali anzeru kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, mawu akuti "anzeru" ndi adjective mwachidule kuti amachita monga mkhalidwe wa.

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti mitundu ina ya gawo anapatsidwa wa kulankhula ndi mfundo zingapo lexical akhoza kupanga lalifupi mawonekedwe okha ena a iwo. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "osauka" si lalifupi adjective ngati amatanthauza "watsoka, womvetsa chisoni." Komanso, ena mwa adjectives ndi simungakhoze nawo maonekedwe wathunthu. mawu awa akhoza zimachitika ayenera kukhala wokondwa, ndi zambiri wosiririka.

ndi kusiyana kwa okwana chiyani?

Short mawonekedwe kokha adjectives Mkhalidwe. Amasiyana okwana ndi kuzindikira makhalidwe morphological. Kuti, monga tatchulazi, mawonekedwe ngati wa mavoti woyankhula sasintha pa milandu, ndi amamuchititsa chokha chiwerengero ndi zaka. Komanso, adjectives maina lalifupi ndi osiyana zonse udindo syntactic. Motero, chiweruzo, amachita monga tanthauzo, ndipo mu mawonekedwe a mkhalidwe kapena ziwalo zikuluzikulu. Ngakhale nthawi zina iwo akali amatchedwa tanthauzo a. chodabwitsa nthawi zambiri anamuona pa mawu akonzedwa, kapena mu ntchito za luso wowerengeka (mwachitsanzo, N ndipo anabala mapazi, masana yotakata, ndi mtsikana wokongola, zabwino anzathu, ndi zina zotero.).

Kalembedwe wa adjectives lalifupi

Bwino ntchito mitundu yochepa adjectives, n'kofunika kuphunzira malamulo a kalembedwe awo.

1. Written ngati chizindikiro zofewa pa mapeto a adjective mwachidule? Mfundo imeneyi ndi nkhawa zambiri. Ndipotu, nthawizina ife kugwiritsa ntchito mbali imeneyi ya mawu polemba mawu alionse. Pankhani imeneyi amatchuka kuti adjectives mwachidule sibilants (kumapeto kwa mawu a) olembedwa popanda chizindikiro zofewa. Pano pali chitsanzo: odorous, wotentha, ndi wandiweyani, prickly, ngati, chabwino, wamphamvu, ndi zina zotero.
2. Kodi makalata "H" mu mwachidule adjectives ambiri? Kumbukirani lamulo N'zosavuta. Makalata "N" mu mwachidule adjectives zasungidwa mu yofanana monga mwa mtundu wathunthu. Pano pali chitsanzo: msewu yaitali (yaitali), otsanzira yokumba (opangidwa), ndi duwa mbandakucha (manyazi) ndi ena.
3. Kodi mumalemba "ayi" ndi adjectives yochepa? Kumbukirani lamulo losavuta kwambiri ndipo mosavuta. Koma muyenera kudziwa m'mene chizindikiro cha tinthu "ayi" ndi adjectives zonse. Ndipotu, mu mawonekedwe yochepa, malamulo amenewa zimasungika kwathunthu. Mu mawu ena, "osati" ndi adjective mwachidule akadalembedwa chimodzimodzi monga momwe zonse. Pano pali chitsanzo: msewu molimba (kuti n'lalikulu, kovuta) - msewu si kophweka (ie, molimba, molimba). Pankhaniyi, "osati" akadalembedwa monga mawu amodzi. Komabe, ngati nyerere ndi adjectives lalifupi zofunika kulemba payokha, ngati mawonekedwe zonse si ambiri ntchito. Pano pali chitsanzo: wokonzeka, wokonzeka, wokonzeka, sanali okonzeka.
4. Mu adjectives yochepa sizzling kuziwerenga kalata "o" kokha ngati mwapanikizika. Mwachitsanzo: mbale ndi otentha, oseketsa munthu.

Mapangidwe adjectives lalifupi

mitundu Short wa adjectives anapanga ndi mitundu wathunthu. Izi zimachitika powonjezera kuti izo mathero generic:

• ziro kapena mwamuna;
• sing'anga (-e kapena -o);
• wamkazi (-n kapena kutanthauza).

Komanso, adjectives lalifupi mwina angapo (mapeto m kapena s) kapena mmodzi. Popeza mapangidwe mitundu ina? Malamulo amenewa ndi lophweka:

• Ngati maziko a adjective zonse itha kalata consonant, anenedwa ndi za mawu (mwachitsanzo, yotakata-s), yochepa mawonekedwe m'munsi akanali yemweyo, amene sasintha (lonse).
• Ngati maziko a adjective zonse itha kalata consonant, yoyamba zofanana, ndiye mapangidwe yochepa mawonekedwe (yekha chachimuna) pakati pawo pali wothawa za mawu imelo kapena inu. Kupereka chitsanzo cha Noin - znoen, wochimwa - wochimwa, bata - bata, modabwitsa - lakuthwa, poonerera - aliuma, womangika - womangika, molunjika - m'mbali, oseketsa - kupusa. Komabe, malamulo onse pali kuchotserapo. Choncho, adjective "wamakhalidwe" ndi lalifupi mawonekedwe - "woyenera" omwe amachita ngati za mawu ndi bwino. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mawu anapanga ku nauni "ulemu". Koma "analemekeza" - mgonero "mphoto."

Chiŵerengero cha mitundu zonse ndi waufupi wa adjectives

Amazionera amatsogoza lexical allocated mitundu itatu ubale lalifupi ndi njira yaitali adjectives

1. mufananize tanthauzo lexical (mwachitsanzo, tsiku labwino ndi tsiku zabwino, zabwino mwana ndi kuyenda wokongola).

2. lifanane okha mfundo zina:

• "Onyenga" m'lingaliro "yabodza." Pankhaniyi, yochepa mawonekedwe kulibe.
• "Onyenga" m'lingaliro "dzenje". Pankhaniyi, yochepa mawonekedwe ndi "wabodza."
• "Osauka" m'lingaliro "wosasangalala". Pankhaniyi, yochepa mawonekedwe kulibe.
• "Osauka" m'lingaliro "osauka." Pankhaniyi, yochepa mawonekedwe ndi "osauka".

3. The yochepa mawonekedwe kuoneka ngati lofanana zamalankhulidwe ndi wosiyana phindu zonse:

• lalifupi mawonekedwe limasonyeza nthawi umboni, ndi zonse - zonse (mwachitsanzo, mwana ndi kuyenda akudwala matenda);
• lalifupi mawonekedwe limasonyeza kuonekera kwambiri bokosi (mwachitsanzo, akale agogo aamuna kapena aakazi yakale);
• mawonekedwe yaitali akusonyeza chizindikiro osayang'ana, ndi waufupi - pa ubale chinachake (mwachitsanzo, kavalidwe ndi lopapatiza kavalidwe pang'ono).
• Nthawi zina, mfundo za mitundu onse a adjectives ali divergent kuti ntchito ndipo anawona ngati mawu osiyana kwathunthu (Mwachitsanzo, cholinga Ulendowu unali momveka bwino ndipo nyengo inali bwino).