Pakamwa kaswili: chithunzi

Pakamwa, thunthu tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino, ndi "malire" pakati pa ulamuliro zachilengedwe ndi anthu chilengedwe mkati. Izo zikhoza chotchinga kwambiri tizilombo, kupereka siteji koyamba wa chimbudzi yatsoka ndi mawu.

Pakamwa: thunthu mu ontogenesis

Pa embryonic chitukuko cha pakamwa munthu wayamba kukhala kale mu tsiku la 12. Zowoneka akuimira protrusion ectoderm, limene lili pakati pa ziyerekezo mtima ndi kuwira ubongo. Nthawi imeneyi, ilo likutchedwa fovea, kapena m'kamwa zibowo zam'mano.

Language akufotokozera mu ontogenesis sabata 4-5. Pa minofu kutafuna, ndi chifukwa cha kusinthidwa wa pa arches gill. chitukuko winanso wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa, omwe ndi zambiri zovuta thunthu kwambiri, amalola chipatso kulawa madzimadzi amniotic. Ichi ndi chilengedwe chimene ili. Pa sabata 7 m'chilankhulo cha masamba kukoma kuonekera. Ndi chiyambi cha mwezi wachiwiri wa chitukuko embryonic anamaliza mapangidwe kumwamba.

Features mucosa

Kaswili wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa (chithunzi atsimikiza akuphatikizapo) umaimiridwa ndi zigawo izi: milomo, lilime, masaya, mano m'kamwa, ducts wa malovu zopangitsa, tonsils ndi mpweya.

Yofunika kwambiri kuonetsetsa ntchito zake maseŵero mucosa anapanga multilayer lathyathyathya zaminyewa minofu. M'munsimu muli chapansi Kakhungu ndi submucosal. Mbali khalidwe la epithelium m'kamwa ndi mphamvu kwambiri kusinthika, amene akuyendera chifukwa mphukira wosanjikiza ake, komanso kukana kuti zotsatira zoipa zikuchitika chilengedwe ndi matenda sing'anga.

Leni mucous nembanemba minofu connective aumbike mwa maselo. Kuti lili molekezera mitsempha, capillary ndi ziwiya lymphatic. Leni mucous ndi apadera nyumba ma, amakwaniritsa ntchito yofunika. Zikuphatikizapo macrophages, maselo mlongoti ndi madzi a m'magazi. Iwo kupereka phagocytosis wa particles yachilendo, lamulo permeability mtima, kaphatikizidwe immunoglobulins.

The mucosa m'kamwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo. Zikuphatikizapo ululu, chogwirika ndi kutentha. Koma kukoma kwa mucous alibe kuzindikira. nchito imeneyi imagwiridwa ndi chiwalo akulu wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa - lilime.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, tinganene kuti mucosa anthu a M'mimbamo m'kamwa amapereka zimatiteteza pulasitiki ndi ntchito tcheru.

chilankhulo

Kaswili anthu m'kamwa M'mimbamo amapereka mapangidwe ndi mouthfeel. Zidzachitika atadziŵa mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti maselo apadera. Gwirizanani kukoma maganizo ndi mwangwiro payekha. Koma asayansi kusiyanitsa mitundu yake yaikulu. Iwo wowawasa owawa, wokoma ndi mchere.

Kukumana zolandilira otchedwa chemoreceptors. Iwo zili masamba kukoma, omwe chikugwirizana ndi nthawi pakamwa kutsegula. Ngakhale angamulambirire dongosolo, iwo ali apadera. Choncho, kuitchula ndi maselo moyikirapo kuti asazindikire wokoma, pa m'mbali - ndi wowawasa, pa muzu - owawa. The onse ndi malo amene angazindikire kukoma mchere. Malowa ali pamtunda pa nsonga ndi pa konsekonse. Language ali nawo ntchito mapangidwe phokoso wetting, kusinja ndi Pomeza chakudya.

The thunthu mkamwa ndi mano

Mawotchi processing Food ikuchitika mwa mano. Mwachibadwa, alipo 32. zitsime za aliyense nsagwada ili incisors 4, 2 canines, 4 ang'ono ndi 6 molars lalikulu. Onsewo ali apadera. Choncho, ndi thandizo la incisors ndi canines amapezeka chakudya chikudya, ndipo ndi thandizo la zamakolo iye idagonjetsedwa boma mushy.

The peculiarities wa kapangidwe kunja dzino kusiyanitsa muzu, khosi ndi korona. Yotsirizira ndi mbali yapadziko lapansi ya izo ndi ili pamwamba chingamu lapansi. Nsalu okuta korona, otchedwa enamel. Amaona chovuta mu thupi la munthu. Khosi ndipamene zinthu zochepa cholimba - simenti. Connective minofu kudzaza M'mimbamo a dzino ndi zamkati. Iwo anakonza ulusi mitsempha, lymphatic ndi mitsempha ya magazi. Choncho, mu mphamvu ya zamkati kumachitika ndi mano kukula.

Kodi mapangidwe nyumba izi wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa? Bookmark mano akupezeka ngakhale mu nthawi embryonic. Koma iwo kuonekera patatha miyezi 6 atabadwa. A okwana 20. Iwo ndi mkaka, mpaka zaka 10 m'malo mwa zokhazikika. Latest kukula mano nzeru kuti awonekere kwa zaka 25. Pakuti mwamuna, iwo ali throwback kuyambira anataya phindu mu njira ya kusanduka.

zolandilira

Akatswiri a sayansi amanena kuti patsekeke m'kamwa ndi za 2000 kumva kukoma. Poyankha chiphaso chakudya iwo sachedwa kukhumudwa. zizindikiro zimene Choncho anapanga, pa ulusi mitsempha wotumidwa kudzera Dipatimenti apadera wapakatikati wa kotekisi ubongo. Apa ndipo anapanga lingaliro la kukoma.

Kwa anthu onse, kwenikweni payekha. Kukumana kumatanthauza tilinazo pakhomo. Kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana si chomwecho. Chithunzi apamwamba kwa owawa, otsika - kuti wowawasa. Ndipo apa ndi mchere ndi okoma munthu amaona chimodzimodzi.

Mankhwala chithandizo cha chakudya

Kaswili wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa, pharynx ngati kuti iwo ali ndi ena mosungiramo chachikulu chakudya chimbudzi. Mwachindunji chakudya, chifaniziro chake kapena ngakhale fungo yotithandiza salivation. Izi zimachitika kudzera mwa zopangitsa, ducts amene kutsegula kuti patsekeke m'kamwa. Ndi malovu pogawanikana pamawere chakudya zovuta kuti neutralization yosavuta tating'onoting'ono, moisturizing ndi enveloping bolus. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito chinenero iye akankhidwira pakhosi, kusunthira mu mmero ndi m'mimba.

The zikuchokera malovuwo

The thupi katundu malovu ndi colorless madzi mucous kugwirizana. Zoposa 98% ya wokhutira madzi. Pogawanikana pamawere wa dzuwa zovuta kupereka malovu michere - maltase, amylase ndi lysozyme. Nkhani yotsirizira amachita komanso chitetezo ntchito neutralizing tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi machiritso a zilonda m'kamwa.

Malovu mulinso mucilage wotchedwa mucin. Imakhala hydration ndi chakudya enveloping. Choncho, makina, mankhwala ndi processing chakudya amachita chimodzimodzi M'mimbamo m'kamwa. Matenda a dongosolo m'mimba kwathunthu zogwirizana ndi ntchito anachita.

Kodi malovu

Ndondomeko malovu reflex amapezeka. Pakuti ake "kuyamba" muyenera zolandilira mkwiyo wa mucosa m'kamwa. Izi zinagwira zikhumbo mitsempha, amene anatumiza kwa pakati salivation wa medulla oblongata. Chotero ndondomeko ndi Uri.

Koma ngati ife kulingalira wowawasa mandimu kapena flavored mkate, ndiye mkamwa yomweyo wayamba salivate. zikuchitika chonchi ndi makonzedwe.

Choncho, M'mimbamo m'kamwa, kumene thunthu anali kuwunikira m'nkhani ino, ntchito zotsatirazi:

• kudziwa ubwino ndi kukoma kwa chakudya;
• makina ndi mankhwala processing chakudya;
• chitetezo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda si mankhwala;
• bolus mapangidwe;
• akuwaza chakudya zovuta mu yosavuta.