Zachiphamaso lymph ziwiya. Lymphatics munthu. Matenda a zotengera lymphatic

Ngati pali dongosolo mu thupi, kotero, kuti mmenemo. Khalidwe la zili zimatengera ntchito ya nthambi ya kapangidwe ndi. Zimenezi akhoza zimachitika kwathunthu kwa ntchito kachitidwe anthu magazi ndi lymphatic. nkhani Moyenera nyumba izi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ku ntchito khola la chamoyo wonse. Komanso yosanthula mwatsatanetsatane, kodi tanthauzo magazi ndi lymph ziwiya. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi masika.

mwachidule

Anthu ziwiya lymphatic umaimiridwa ndi nyumba osiyana kuchita zinthu zina. Choncho, amasulidwe:

• Capillaries.
• makungwa Large (thoracic ndi m'njira yoyenera).
• Extra- ndi intraorgannye ziwiya.

Komanso, kapangidwe ka minofu ndi ali amyous mtundu. Mlingo otaya ndi kukakamizidwa (zinthu hemodynamic) ali pafupi ndi zimene zimachitika mu mzere venous. Ngati tiyenda pachimene kapangidwe ka zipangizo lymphatic, ziyenera bwino olemera kunja chipolopolo. Chifukwa chivundikiro mkati kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke anapanga.

capillary

Izi chotengera lymphatic losiyana mokwanira permeable khoma. Capillaries angathe woyamwa slurry ndi colloidal njira. Njira kupanga zopezera akuimira chiyambi cha dongosolo lymphatic. Phatikizani kupanga zikuluzikulu capillary njira. Aliyense anapanga lymphatic chotengera akudutsa kwa mitsempha subclavian kudzera khosi ndi sternum.

Kuyenda pa njira ya okhutira

Movement lymph kudzera ziwiya lymphatic adatengedwa ndi ritsa khomo lachiberekero pabedi venous. Malinga ndi kuda thoracic amapezeka ndi pafupifupi onse (kupatula mutu) za thupi. Onse otaya m'gulu m'mitsempha subclavian. M'mawu ena, madzi onse analandira ndi minofu ndi anabwerera mmbuyo magazi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, malinga ndi zimene kumachitika ngati lymph kudzera ziwiya lymphatic kayendedwe, anagwira ngalande. Pamene kuyan'anila zimachitika outflow chikhalidwe pathological. Njirayi imatchedwa limfostazom. Khalidwe kwambiri cha zizindikiro zake monga kutupa mu malekezero.

ntchito dongosolo

Ziwiya lymphatic ndi mfundo koposa zonse kuonetsetsa yokonza wa mosalekeza chilengedwe mkati. Komanso, dongosolo amachita ntchito zotsatirazi:

• Amakweza kwa zakudya m'mimba mu mtsempha.
• Imakhala kugwirizana pakati pa magazi, ziwalo ndi zimakhala.
• Nawo pa ndondomeko immunological.
• Iwo amaonetsetsa adzabwerenso electrolytes, madzi, mapuloteni mu magazi kuchokera danga intercellular.
• Iwo neutralizes pawiri zoipa.

M'kupita kwa ziwiya lymphatic ndi mfundo. Iwo waikamo madzi. Lymph mfundo kupereka chiphunzitso madzi ndi chitetezo chotchinga-fyuluta (kubala macrophages). The lamulo outflow ukugwira mantha dongosolo chisoni.

nyumba mogwirizana

Ili umakhala pafupi magazi, lymph capillaries kuyamba mwachimbulimbuli. Iwo ali mbali ya dongosolo la microvasculature. Izi chifukwa cha pafupi kugwirizana zinchito ndi anatomical pakati pa magazi ndi ziwiya lymphatic. Kuyambira gemokapillyarov kulowa zinthu zofunika mu thunthu lenileni. Kwa izo, nayenso, mu limfokapillyary kudutsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Izi, makamaka mankhwala njira kagayidwe kachakudya, kugwa kwa mankhwala pa maziko a matenda pathological, maselo a khansa. Unakhala ndi oyera lymph akulowa m'magazi. Choncho zikusintha chilengedwe mkati mwa thupi lake ndi intercellular (moyo) mankhwala.

kusiyana nyumba

Small magazi ndi lymphatic ziwiya ndi diameters osiyana (yotsirizira ndi akuluakulu). Za indofeliyamu maselo a zoposa chachiwiri, nthawi 3-4. Limfakapillyary alibe Kakhungu woyambira ndi pericytes, mathero mwachimbulimbuli. nyumba izi kupanga maukonde ndi kugwera mu osaya ekstraorgannye intraorgannye njira.

postcapillaries

Intraorganic efferent njira - izo amyous (fibrous) kapangidwe. Aliyense chotengera lymphatic ali m'mimba mwake pafupifupi 40 microns. maselo za indofeliyamu mu njira ya kugona Kakhungu wofatsa. Pansi ndi zotanuka ndi kolajeni ulusi, zomwe zimadutsa chipolopolo lakunja. mabedi Postcapillary kuchita ngalande ntchito.

Ekstraorgannye bedi

zotengera amasiyana likungosonyeza lalikulu kuposa anthu yapita ndipo amati ali weniweni. Iwo a nyumba ya mtundu akulu. Ngati ofunika lymphatic chotengera (Latin - Vasa lymphatica superficialia) ili mu woyendera nthambi kumtunda kwa thunthu, khosi, nkhope ya myocyte m'menemo chawonetsedwa mokwanira yaing'ono. Ngati njanji limayenda pamodzi pansi pa thupi ndi miyendo, magulu akulu kwambiri.

Kapangidwe ka sing'anga-likungosonyeza

Izi minofu mtundu njira. Kapangidwe ka zipangizo lymphatic wa gulu limeneli lili ena peculiarities. Malinga awo onse chipolopolo atatu mokwanira bwino motere: lakunja, pakati komanso mkati. Yotsirizira ukufanizidwa endothelium atagona subendothelial wofatsa Kakhungu (muli multidirectional zotanuka ndi kolajeni ulusi) ndi zotanuka ulusi plexuses.

Mavavu ndi chipolopolo

Zinthu zimene tilankhule wina ndi mnzake kwambiri ndithu. Mavavu anapanga kudzera chipolopolo lamkati. Monga maziko akutumikira fibrous mbale. pali zinthu za minofu yosalala mumtima mwake. The mbale chimakwirira endothelium. Avereji chipolopolo ducts anapanga mitolo ya maselo yosalala minofu. Iwo akuuzidwa obliquely ndi circularly. Ankatsogoleranso zigawo m'chimake a connective (lotayirira) minofu. kapangidwe akunja aumbike mwa Ulusi chomwecho. zanyengo kupita minofu ozungulira.

ngalande Van Hoorne a

Izi chotengera lymphatic ali khoma dongosolo omwe ndi ofanana ndi kapangidwe ka m'munsi vena cava. Chipolopolo mkati anapereka endothelium ndi subendothelium plexus mkati ulusi zotanuka. Woyamba limapezeka pa likukulira Kakhungu wofatsa woyambira. Subendothelium lili ndi maselo undifferentiated, zotanuka ndi kolajeni ulusi, amene zochokera mu madera osiyana, komanso zinthu yosalala minofu. Mumtima chipolopolo mu ritsa thoracic 9 aumbike mavavu zimathandiza kuti Kukwezeleza mitsempha lymph khosi. Tunica limasonyeza minofu zinthu yosalala. Iwo zozungulira ndi oblique malangizo. Komanso alipo chipolopolo multidirectional ulusi zotanuka ndi kolajeni. Kapangidwe akunja mlingo diaphragmatic kanayi chachikulu kuposa mkati ndi pakati pamodzi. Chipolopolo ankaimira lotayirira connective minofu ndi minofu yosalala mitolo, anakonza longitudinally. Zachiphamaso lymph chotengera akulowa mtsempha jugular. Near pakamwa pa khoma ritsa ndi n'kakang'ono kuposa pa diaphragmatic mlingo 2 zina.

zinthu zina

Pakati pa kuli nthambi ziwiri oyenerera mu pafupi lymph chotengera pano gawo lapadera. Njirayi imatchedwa lymphangions. Iwo ukufanizidwa ndi khafu akulu, valavu nkusani khoma ndipo ubwenzi gawo kwenikweni valavu. Ufulu thoracic ritsa ndipo zikufotokozedwa monga makungwa lalikulu. zinthu izi kwa dongosolo myocytes lymphatic (ena a minofu) alipo mu nembanemba onse (zitatu).

makoma mphamvu ritsa

Chipolopolo lakunja la magazi ndi ziwiya lymphatic ndi njira zotengera. Izi nthambi zing'onozing'ono wolumikizira mogwirizana ❖ kuyanika: pakati ndi wakunja, mu mitsempha ndi mitsempha onse atatu. Kuyambira mtsempha wamagazi makoma converge magazi capillary mu mitsempha ndi venules. Iwo zili pafupi ndi mitsempha ya. Kuchokera capillaries mtima wa chipolopolo chimachititsanso venous magazi kwa lumen venous. Mphamvu yaikulu lymph ducts ali ndi chikhalidwe. Iwo kwagona kuti nthambi wolumikizira si limodzi ndi venous anakafika payokha. The venules ndi arterioles ziwiya mtima si wapezeka.

Kutupa kwa mitsempha lymphatic

kudwala Izi imatengedwa sekondale. Ndi Vuto njira yotupa wa khungu (furuncles, carbuncles, purulent mabala uliwonse) ndi mtundu wa matenda (TB, chindoko, etc). pa ndondomeko kungakhale kovuta kapena aakulu. Komanso secrete enieni ndi omwe si yeniyeni kutupa kwa mitsempha lymphatic. Matendawa ali ndi makhalidwe malaise, kufooka. Odwala malungo. Mbali khalidwe la kudwala ndi ululu mwanabele. matenda Causative akhoza kukhala mtundu uliwonse pyogenic mabakiteriya (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus). Matenda matenda popanda movutikira kwambiri. miyeso achire amasankhidwa motsata siteji ya matenda. The sulfonamides ndi mankhwala ntchito ngati njira ndiwofatsa. Nthawi zamakono, zachiphamaso lymph chotengera chatsanulidwa kupyolera kutsegula abscess ndi.

chotupa

Hodgkin ndi matenda - lymphoma - amakhudza akulu makamaka achinyamata (zaka 15-10). Zizindikiro mu magawo oyambirira a matenda ndi kwina, ndi kutupa lymph mfundo za wodwala maganizo. Monga matenda ili m'kati pali metastasis. Chotupa kufalikira kwa mfundo zina lymph ndi ziwalo, Pakati woyamba nthawi akuvutika ndulu. Pambuyo pake, iwo anayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro za matenda. Makamaka, wodwalayo akatentha thupi, kufooka, thukuta, khungu kuyabwa, yafupika kulemera. Matenda matenda pa phunziro leukocyte ndi chuma biopsy.

lymphadenopathy

Kusiyanitsa kudwala uyu zina chabe. Nthawi zina Komabe, kungakhale kovuta pa kuchuluka maselo khomo lachiberekero. Lymphadenopathy ogaŵikana zotakasika ndi chotupa - osakhala yotupa ndi yotupa. Recent zimagawidwa m'magulu matenda opatsirana ndipo sanali opatsirana a zotengera lymphatic. Anatsagana akakufunsani connective minofu matenda, chifuwa, nyamakazi. Zotakasika kuwonjezeka kuchuluka lymph mfundo selo kumasonyeza ayankhe m'thupi chifukwa ndi autoimmune, matupi awo sagwirizana, matenda kapena poizoni kuukira yotupa ndondomeko. Against maziko a chotupa kuonjezera zinthu structural amachititsa kusalola maselo zilonda amene amagwa ziwalo zina (chifukwa khansa kapena khansa metastasis) kapena akuwuka mu dongosolo pa maziko a lymphomas zilonda ndi lymphosarcoma. Kudwala kungakhale zowombetsa mkota ndi zochepa. Yotsirizira Komabe, kusuntha choyamba. Poyamba amatchedwa Hodgkin zochepa lymphadenopathy kenako, patapita kanthawi, izo zimakhala zowombetsa mkota. Gulu zotakasika zikuphatikizapo osiyanasiyana mwachilungamo lonse la pathologies ndi matenda.

sarcoma ritsa

Ichi ndi wina wa chikhalidwe zilonda chotupa a. Lymphosarcoma akhoza kuoneka kwathunthu pa msinkhu uliwonse. Kawirikawiri, zikuyamba ndi kukula mwanabele mbali imodzi. Chotupa ndondomeko amakhala ndi mlingo mokwanira mkulu wa kupitirira, ndi metastasis makamaka yogwira chotupa chija. alili akhoza kwambiri iwonongeke pasanapite nthawi. Odwala ndi malungo, mofulumira amachepetsa thupi, usiku Thukuta ukuwonjezeka. Matendawa ndi histological ndi cytological maphunziro a wathuyo lymph mfundo.