Great Galileo: mfundo relativity ndi kutembenuka mawotchi

The kwambiri Italy wasayansi ndi wasayansi Galileo Galilei anali chosatha zimakhudza mbiri pa chitukuko osati za sayansi yeniyeni: sayansi, zimango, zakuthambo, komanso anayamba ena mfundo zofunika za chitukuko cha sayansi ambiri, mfundo ya relativity ya Galileo, kusintha Galileo wakhala kukopa chidwi mapangidwe masiku ano chithunzi cha dziko.

Scientific atulukira cholinga Galileo relativity mfundo Adafunsidwira angakondere mitunduyi kunyezimiritsa mathamangitsidwe za kayendedwe ka matupi. Amadziwika kuti sitili pa mathamangitsidwe mu gulu dongosolo wachibale ena dongosolo ena limanena, mathamangitsidwe wa thupi ndi kulemekeza onse a kachitidwe adzakhala nthawi zonse.

Monga kale, monga mwa lamulo Newton, inanena kuti ndicho mathamangitsidwe chizindikiro kufotokoza kinematics wa thupi (malamulo 2 Newton), ndi magulu mwina yozungulira yekha pa malo ndi kukula kwa velocities thupi. Galileo adamfunsa kudalira izi pa nthaka kuti mu nkhani iyi, ndi maikwezhoni onse okonzera adzatenga mooneka mwa aliyense wa a Buku. mawu amene amaika Galileo, mfundo ya relativity limanena kuti malamulo okonzera sangadalire kumene mu dongosolo anaphunzira ife. Mfundo imeneyi akhoza kukhala kosavuta taganizani mu kuchitapo motere.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati inu mumachitira zinthu zatsopano aliyense imodzi mwa zipinda ziwiri kumene ikuyenda wachibale wina ndi mzake, chifukwa cha kuyesera tidzakhala chimodzimodzi kwa zipinda zonse.

zofunika kukonza ndi Galileo, mfundo ya relativity, akhala amaona zopanda munthu. Pamodzi ndi malamulo a Newton, Galileo, anapezazo izi, komanso kutembenuka wake, ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa chitukuko okonzera sayansi.

Galileya kusintha m'munda wa okonza ndi pafupifupi anasintha ambiri amene anapambana malingaliro kale za njira mawotchi. Makamaka, malamulo a ntchito kusinthika komwe kumachitika mu kusintha kuchokera chimango wina ndi mzake, amafuna nthawi ofanana, choncho chimafikira maganizo "nthawi mtheradi". Pankhaniyi, zomwe amanena Galileo, mfundo ya relativity, iwo ukuchita monga chitsanzo chapadera ndi maganizo Lorentz ndi ntchito okha mathamangidwe yaing'ono (wachibale mathamangidwe kuwala, kumene).

Izo ziyenera kuti pamaso sayansi Galileo ndi pafupifupi konsekonse anaphunzira ntchito Aristotle, amene anali ovomerezeka mu lingaliro akamabadwa zachilengedwe ndi munthu. Pankhani enieni a sayansi, Aristotle Mwachitsanzo, ananena kuti mlingo wa kugwa kwa thupi ndi mwachindunji njila kwa kulemera kwake ndipo gulu lililonse kumachitika kokha malinga ngati wadwala "nzothandiza". Galileo anakana anapezazo awa ndi kukonza ndondomeko yolondola zomwe zimasonyeza zochitika woona ndi liwiro malingana kulemera kwa thupi pa kayendedwe ake.

Linanena makina Galileya relativity mfundo koyamba akufuna m'buku lake "kukambirana Ponena awiri Chief World Systems." Mu mawu osavuta kwambiri ndi: zinthu zimene kusuntha uniformly, gululi sikumangotikhudza zinthu okhawo amene samenya nawo gululi. mawu Izi zinamupatsa kwathunthu kutsutsa ena postulates zakuthambo heliocentrism linati kuti, kuzungulira kwa dziko amakhudza njira ya nkhani zimene zachitika pa izo.

chakuti Galileo kukangana, mfundo ya relativity, kusinthika ake mechanistic osiyanasiyana nthanthi inakhala maziko a atulukira malamulo ambiri a sayansi atamwalira wasayansi wamkulu. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, malamulo a kusamala mphamvu, malamulo a pendulum kugwedezeka ndi Kugawilidwa kwanthaka pafupipafupi, iye ananeneratu, ndipo ngakhale anayambitsa lofunika mfundo thupi, monga mphindi ya mphamvu.