General anthu ndi zochepa chabe pamalangizo

Ikani zinthu homogeneous nthawi zambiri anafufuza poyerekezera ndi mbali iliyonse zomwe iwo monga anayeza quantitatively kapena qualitatively.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali muyezo wa zinthu, makhalidwe kachulukidwe akhoza kukhala kukula kwa mfundo ya alendo, ndi khalidwe - mbali muyezo.

Ngati ndi kotheka, fufuzani iwo kugwilizana ndi mfundo zina amachita kafukufuku mosalekeza, komabe izo sikawirikawiri ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngati anthu ambiri lili ambiri zinthu akuphunziridwa, ndi zosatheka kuchita kalembera. Pankhaniyi, osankhidwa kuchotsedwa nambala inayake ya zinthu (zinthu) ndi kuyesedwa. Choncho, pali ambiri ndi nyemba.

General ndiyo ya zinthu zonse imvera yoyendera kapena kuphunzira. Chilengedwe chonse, monga ulamuliro, muli amalire chiwerengero cha zinthu, koma ngati ndi yayikulu, kuti wosalira ndi masamu amaganiza kuti kuchotsedwa imakhala nambala wopandamalire zinthu.

Zitsanzo kapena chitsanzo cha zinthu ndi gawo osankhidwa kuika lonse. Chitsanzo akhoza mwina mobwerezabwereza popanda kubwereza. Mbali yoyamba ndi kubwerera kwa anthu onse, wachiwiri - palibe. Zochita zambiri ntchito kubwereza-free mwachisawawa kusankha.

General anthu ndi zitsanzo zosankhidwazi ayenera zogwirizana representativeness. Kulankhula mosiyana, kotero kuti makhalidwe a chitsanzo okwana motsimikiza kudziwa kuchotsedwa zizindikiro, m'pofunika kuti zitsanzo zosankhidwazi zinthu molondola monga momwe iwo anali. M'mawu ena, chitsanzo ayenera kukhala nthumwi (nthumwi).

Chitsanzo adzakhala nthumwi zambiri kapena zochepa, ngati anapanga mosintha kuchokera ochuluka zedi lonse lapansi. Izo zikhoza kukangana pa maziko a malamulo otchedwa yaikulu. Pankhaniyi, zinthu zonse ndi Mwina wofanana kuti asankhidwa.

Pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana kusankha. Zonse mwa njira zimenezi akhoza mfundo kugawidwa yachiwiriyo:

• Yankho 1: kusankha chinthu, pamene anthu ambiri sali mbali. Ndi chimake zimenezi zingaphatikizepo yosavuta mwachisawawa zitsanzo zosankhidwazi popanda m'malo kukonzanso kusankha.
• Yankho 2: chilengedwe agawidwa magawo ndi mbali amasankhidwa. Izi zikhoza monga mmene masankhidwe makina ndi siriyo.

Zambiri mwachisawawa - kusankha, imene zinthu ndi yotengedwa limodzi limodzi kuchokera kuika lonse mosintha.

Chitsanzo - kusankha imeneyi, imene zinthu amasankhidwa osati kuchokera lonse, ndi zake "mmene" madera onse.

Mawotchi - ndi kusankha pamene kuika lonse anapatukana mu angapo magulu wofanana ndi chiwerengero cha zinthu zimene ayenera kukhala chitsanzo, ndipo amafotokozera choncho mmodzi wa gulu lililonse amusankha. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kuti achotse 25% a mbali, chopangidwa makina, ndiye kusankha lililonse item chachinayi, ndi ngati inu mukufuna kuti achotse 4% ya zinthu, kusankha chilichonse twente-faifi, ndi zina zotero. M'pofunika kuti nthawi zina kusankha makina sapereka okwanira nthumwi nyemba.

Siriyo - ndi kusankha, mmene zinthu amasankhidwa kuchokera kuchotsedwa "magulu" kuzindikira phunziro mosalekeza, osati munthu. Mwachitsanzo, pamene ambiri Mbali anapanga makina, kuti kalembera wa wochititsidwa okha pankhani yopanga makina angapo. mosamala siriyo ntchito pamene khalidwe kusanthula ali ndi kusintha yaing'ono mndandanda osiyana.

Kuchepetsa zolakwa ntchito masamu-zowerengera njira poona anthu kudzera kusankha. Komanso, ulamuliro kusankha angathe kukhala osakwatira gawo ndi Mipikisano siteji, amene kumawonjezera kudalirika kwa kafukufukuyu.