Moyo Padziko Lapansi mu nthawi Cretaceous

Cretaceous nthawi ndi nthawi ya otsiriza, chomaliza Mesozoic nyengo. Iye anapambana ndi Jurassic, malinga kuwerengetsera ya Akatswiriwa, zaka penapake kuzungulira miliyoni 145 zapitazo inatenga pafupifupi mamiliyoni makumi asanu ndi atatu, kenako chiyambi cha nyengo Ukachenjede ndi osiyana, ndi Cenozoic, nyengo - ". Nthawi ya moyo watsopano" Dzina izi siteji m'malo yaitali chitukuko ya Earth analandira mogwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti iye anatisiyira cholowa cha madipoziti wamphamvu choko wa marl ndi mchenga. Ngakhale pa zaka miliyoni eyite Padziko Lapansi sizinkachitika tsoka lililonse pamlingo mapulaneti, choncho, kutha kwa ambiri zomera ndi nyama zamoyo, koma kayendedwe ka mbale tectonic, kusintha lonse pa nyanja ndi nyengo kusintha wapanga kusinthidwa mu ndondomeko ya zamoyo wa zamoyo .

Cretaceous kuti lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu boma-Zigawo: m'munsi ndi chapamwamba choko. Kumvetsa mmene moyo unayamba mu nyanja, pa mtunda ndi mpweya wa nthawi, muyenera mwachidule zimaonetsa ndimeyi, kuyambira Jurassic siteji tectonic njira orogenic. Mu Cretaceous nyengo apansi Gondwana ndi Laurasia anapitiriza kusamuka Chrixitu. Ndendende ndondomeko zinachitika ndi Africa ndi South America. Choncho, Atlantic Ocean ndi ayamba bwino kwa ife tsopano fotokozani. Koma kum'mawa kwa Gondwana izo anaphatikizidwa Laurasia. Australia anali kumene amakhala, ndipo tsopano, koma madzi anaimirira kokha mwa magawo atatu a m'dera lino.

Upper Cretaceous amakhala ndi chakuti mu kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi madzi a m'nyanja panauka, ndi m'madera ambiri a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya, Western Siberia, lonse la Arabia, ndipo pafupifupi onse Canada amakono anali pansi pa madzi. Komabe, ndi mapeto a nthawi Cretaceous la Dziko anayamba kukhala ngati mawonekedwe ake masiku ano padziko lonse.

Mu nthawi Cretaceous lasinthidwa ndi nyengo. Iye, ndithudi, anali wotentha kwambiri kuposa masiku ano. Space a ku Ulaya lero ndi chidafundidwa ndi nkhalango zotentha. Komabe, pa M'madera a zitunda mkulu kuti alternated nyengo yozizira kunagwa chipale chofewa. Chotero kusintha kwa nyengo wafunsira chakuti, pamodzi ndi spore ndi gymnosperms anaonekera zomera zakrytosemennye. mitengo ndi mumamera birch, phulusa, mtedza, anaonekera mu nthawi ya Cretaceous, anapulumuka mpaka lero popanda kusintha kulikonse. Nthaka yotengedwa woyamba maluwa zomera - Magnolia choyamba, kenako ananyamuka. Mu maluwa izo mwayi kuti mungu ikuchitika osati mphepo, komanso tizilombo. zomera zipatso, kuika mbeu kufala zipatso kudzera Nyama zimadya zipatso. Choncho, zipatso ndi maluwa zomera anasefukira dziko lonse.

Kusintha kwa zomera mu nthawi Cretaceous zinachititsa kuti zikamera a mtundu watsopano wa zinyama. Mu mlengalenga Zitsulo flit gulugufe woyamba ndi zouluka njuchi kudyetsa timadzi tokoma wa maluwa. The nyanja amabwera ulamuliro foraminifera, akufa ndi anayamba kugwa chipolopolo amene anapereka dzina la nthawi yonseyi miyala. Pamodzi ndi iwo pali mollusks ena, ana a Amoni. Ufumu nsomba chogwidwa ndi nsombazo ndi nsomba Bony. Ziweto za nyengo Mesozoic - koposa zonse, zinyamazi ndi nyama oyambirira - bwinobwino "anagwidwa" kuchokera Jurassic kwa Cretaceous. Koma choko ndi angapo akufa mapeto nthambi ya zinyamazi birdlike kufa, monga archeopteryx. Koma pali mbalame - makolo a atsekwe ano, plovers, abakha ndi loons.

The Nyengo Mesozoic (Jurassic nthawi makamaka), malinga ndi filimu yotchuka, imatchedwanso nthawi ya zinyamazi lapansi. Ambiri, ulamuliro wa zinyamazi wakale zisungidwe choko. Koma pa nthawi yotsiriza, Stegosaurus sanatchulidwenso nkhope ya dziko lapansi, ndi kagawo kakang'ono wake wa Tyrannosaurus. zomera olemera chinathandiza zikamera wa mitundu yatsopano ya zinyamazi zamiyendo Inayi: Triceratops, Iguanodon ankylosaur ndi ena. Tikhoza kunena kuti Cretaceous nyengo dinosaur zosiyanasiyana mitundu peaked. Ndipo pa nthawi ino, asilikali zimphona mu kamakumba una awo, iwo anakhala ndi olamulira tsogolo la Dziko - nyama. nyama zimenezi, ngati makoswe wamwanayo mita imodzi m'litali, mitundu yambiri ang'onoang'ono egglayers, marsupials testaceous kapena yaing'ono nyama, masekeli mpaka 500 g. Koma pambuyo pawo anali m'tsogolo.