"Chozemba" sayansi. The ndege F-117A, C-37 "Golden Eagle" ndi zina

Russia akhala akhala akulimbana ndi United States kwa patsogolo chilengedwe cha m'ma womenya twente-loyamba, kaphatikizidwe makhalidwe a supersonic supermanevrennoy nkhondowo galimoto ndi "chozemba" sayansi. Ndege, amene ali ndi makhalidwe amenewa, sayenera overreach Rada ndi njira infuraredi chidwi. Yomanga imeneyi womenya tsogolo wokhoza kuti kwambiri kusintha Mwachangu a magulu dziko mpweya, komanso kupereka mfundo zamphamvu mu mpikisano pa dziko msika manja.

Mpaka posachedwapa kwambiri, kutsogolera kapangidwe bureaus ndi makampani opanga ndege n'zosatheka zimagwirizizirana limodzi galimoto mpweya nkhondowo makhalidwe otsutsana ndi mbali sayansi. Komanso, Russia anakhalabe makamaka udindo wa nsomba-mmwamba. Chili makhalidwe onsewa, "chozemba" luso anamanga ndege lidzakhala lalikulu lipenga khadi polimbana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana geopolitical.

Mwachitsanzo, Mig 29 anayamba kupanga munthu amene chokwanira kulengedwa kwa American F 18 womenya, ndi Lamulungu 27 anali ngati counterweight F-15. Ndipo ngakhale zitsanzo izi zonse panthawiyi yojambula weniweni ndi patsogolo yaikulu m'munda wa ndege, ziphunzitso ano amafuna chitukuko cha womenya wachibadidwe latsopano, kaphatikizidwe makhalidwe ntchito kwambiri ndi umisiri "chozemba". The ndege, yomanga zomwe zachokera ngati lingaliro, kodi osati kupezeka radars, komanso makhalidwe a wosiyanasiyana supersonic maneuverability ndi kuphana galimoto.

American ndege wosaonekayo "chozemba» F 117 sanathe kubweretsa okonza awo kuti cholinga kufunika. makina ali wodzichepetsa ndege ntchito ndi sanali kuchita nawo nkhondo yaikulu mpweya. United States Air Force kuti ndalamazo bajeti yaikulu pakhale ogwira ndi kosaoneka ndi makina ounikira mapiko chilombo. Komabe, pafupi kukwaniritsidwa ntchito imeneyi, io okha mu chaka cha 1997, pamene tinayamba chiyesedwe cha F 22 "Raptor".

Koma nthawi iyi American ndege opanga sakanakhoza kudalira ulamuliro popanda chifukwa. Popeza Sukhoi anayamba kuthawa kuyezetsa makina S-37 "Berkut" masabata awiri pambuyo mpikisano. Malinga ndi ziwerengero odalirika a akatswiri ankhondo, ndi Russian womenya apamwamba kwambiri kuposa "Raptor", makamaka chifukwa wapadera phiko patsogolo chinapululutsa. Zonsezi anabweretsa mpikisano wa luso ndi luso wozungulira yatsopano ya nkhondoyo.

Nditamaliza ntchito kuti akagwire aku Iraq minda mafuta apamwamba dzina lake "Chipululu Mphepo", US akuluakulu a asilikali mwakhama kutamandidwa F-117A ndege kampani yake "Lockheed". Awa "wakuda mzimu" anapanga anawazunza angapo oopsa Baghdad, chitetezo mpweya aku Iraq sanathe kuona pa zowonetsera wa radars awo. m'ndegemu "chozemba", lomwe limasonyeza chithunzi changwiro Masamu galimoto, chinali chimake cha khama sate-chaka akatswiri American kukhala njira imeneyi.

Back mu 1962 kampani "Lockheed" anayesa kulenga chozemba ndege A-12. Poyamba, zimenezi ndiribe zidapatsa chifukwa ankafuna. Iwe ukhoza kukumbukira "chozemba" ndege, wotchuka mlengalenga reconnaissance nthawi ya SR-71, muli dzina lake "Black Mbalame" chifukwa cha mtundu lolingana ❖ kuyanika wapadera kuti zimatenga mphepo. Mu 1970 kumayambiriro, ndi kukula mofulumira makompyuta ndi mapulogalamu ndege zinaoneka kuthekera mawerengeredwe kompyuta. Popeza makina lalembedwa, adali ndi radiozametnost osachepera. Kale mu 1975, kampani "Lockheed" okonza kuti atalenga zinachitika chozemba ndege. M'nyengo yozizira 1977, choyamba anawulukira pa nkhondowo galimoto za mbadwo watsopano F-117A, ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi patapita anatengera US Air Force.

Atalimbikitsidwa ndi kupambana iyi Pentagon ovomerezeka kampani "Northrop" kukhala njira yomweyo latsopano njira yoponya mabomba, invulnerable kwa chitetezo mdani mpweya. Opaleshoni, umene unatha zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, anamaliza kumanga makina, malamulo akuti B-2. Pamene munakonza zawo zonse "wosaonekayo" America kusangalala si mlendo luso, ngati panali zambiri zongopeka wamtali, ndi chiphunzitso chitukuko cha mwathu muno.

Kuyamwa mphepo, iwo ntchito ❖ kuyanika wapadera thupi ferromagnetic. Komanso, Achimereka anayamba zosiyanasiyana tweaks zina. Mwachitsanzo, mu makina pafupifupi onse zinthu zopezeka sanali chimawala cheza gulu monga mpweya CHIKWANGWANI. injini onse anali okonzeka ndi phokoso-kupondereza chimakwirira ndi machitidwe amakakamizidwa kuzirala, amene kuchepetsa mphamvu ya umuna infuraredi. Ndipo kwambiri zimene ankagwiritsa ntchito mu US "chozemba".

Koma apa pali funso wololera za mphamvu ya zipangizozi. Ndipo likukhalira kuti ndalama zambiri (mabiliyoni ambiri!) Pachabe. Choyamba, makina izi zidali chomwecho capricious ntchito kuti zimawathandiza kukonzekera ndege zinangokhala pa airfield m'munsi. Komanso panjira kunapezeka kuti mwamsanga "chozemba" ndi yamvula imayamba kuoneka bwino pa zenera makina ounikira, ngati Man sizioneka kwa buku wotchuka ndi HG Wells. Mwina chifukwa chake pa nkhondo Yugoslavia, F-117A anawomberedwa pansi mu chimodzi cha mishoni oyamba.

Koma potsiriza dobilo kafukufuku wa asayansi American ndi ndege opanga m'munda anatulukira, anapanga mu Russia, kumene sayansi wachibadidwe latsopano polenga radionevidimosti anayamba kupanga. Near ndege kwaiye mitambo wapadera plasma, kotero kwambiri zogwira mu atomu mafunde, ndi aone za makina pa zenera makina ounikira yafupika ndi maulendo oposa zana.