Nyenyezi Churyumov-Gerasimenko: njira, kukula, zithunzi

Nyenyezi 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko anakhala mlendo pafupipafupi malipoti TV kuyambira 2003, pamene anaganiza kutumiza kwa galimoto "Rosetta" ndi mbadwa gawo "Fila". cholinga, popanda kukokomeza; ndi ntchito wofuna anali chodzala chipangizo pa chinthu ndi kuphunzira makhalidwe ake. Lero, mu April 2015, tikhoza kunena kuti ntchito wopambana. Koma uyu anali yoyamba ntchito buku onse polenga spacecraft a, komanso kuphunzira comets.

anapeza

Nyenyezi Churyumov-Gerasimenko, ndi njira yodutsamo, kukula ndi magawo ake ena, anali bwinobwino pamaso kusankha ngati chinthu utumiki "Rosetta". Tsiku kutsegula kwa thupi dziko imatengedwa kuti 23 October 1969 zithunzi loyamba la nyenyezi Churyumov-Gerasimenko Komabe, analandira kusanachitike 11 a. Ndiye ofufuza tsogolo Svetlana Gerasimenko Klim Churyumov ndi gulu la akatswiri a zakuthambo ku Kiev State University anati lamulo la comets kudzulu pa madera ozungulira wa Alma-Ata.

October 11 Svetlana Gerasimenko nyenyezi anapanga picture Comas Sola, amene anatembenuka kukhala malo zachilendo, mwinamwake, ukwati wa mbale Zithunzi. Koma patapita kanthawi kale Klim Churyumov, kuphunzira ili ndi zithunzi zina kuchokera kumwamba m'deralo, anapeza malo alipo pa mosinthana onse ndi noticeable ndi maziko a nyenyezi. zithunzi anatumizidwa ku Cambridge kuti Brian Marsden, amene masamu kanjira wa nyenyezi yatsopano. Iwo dzina polemekeza anapeza. M'mabuku sayansi thupi lakumwamba ikhale nyenyezi 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

makhalidwe ndege

Mwamwayi, atulukira thupi dziko ndi yochepa nthawi comets. Zimenezo lapadera: mu dongosolo la zowalitsa, zinthu zoposa zana la yofanana monga nyenyezi Churyumov-Gerasimenko. kuwuluka Kwake njira yotero kuti perihelion kanjira (zing'onozing'ono mtunda malo dzuwa) ali oyenerera pakati pa Dziko Lapansi ndi Mars, ndi aphelion (danga mtunda kwambiri ndi dzuwa) - kanjira kwa mpweya Jupiter. Kufalitsidwa nthawi pang'ono pasanathe zaka 6,6.

The moyandikana umenewu dziko lalikulu monga Jupiter, aliyense osati kupita pachabe. Nazonso ndi nyenyezi Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The njira yodutsamo ndege zake zonse poyera kuti yokoka chiphona. Malinga kuwerengetsera asayansi nthawi zingapo zapitazo zisinthe mmodzi wa thupi lakumwamba kuzungulira Sun anatenga pafupi atatu ena zaka, koma kwa zaka 10 anapeza zake nyenyezi Iwonso anasamukira pafupi kuti Jupiter. Zotsatira zake zinali kuchepetsa nthawi kasinthasintha.

Chinthu ntchito

Mukapita ku kafukufuku "Rosetta" nyenyezi 67P ndiye atayamba ntchito ya pa zifukwa zotsatirazi:

• popeza anapeza zaka 40 zapita, imene mutu kunachitidwa anaziika zonse: zakuthambo zimadziŵa kanjira kake ndi anganeneretu pafupifupi zotheka asatengere pa izo;
• ndi nyenyezi ya kanjira linapendekeka kwa ecliptic ndi ° 7 kokha, kutanthauza palibe kufunika zina mphamvu zoukitsa spacecraft pamwamba ecliptic lapansi.

Komabe, nyenyezi Churyumov-Gerasimenko, kukula, kanjira ndi makhalidwe ena amene ali mwangwiro yoti utumiki wotero, osati kusankha choyamba. Poyamba, kafukufuku amayenera kupita nyenyezi Wirtanen, ofanana mu magawo ake ndi 67P. zinthu zasintha chifukwa injini kulephera kwa Launch galimoto "Arion-5." The Launch anakonza ankayenera kuti kulephereka ndi yabwino kuyamba nthawi chauzimu. Pa nthawi imeneyi, ndipo kunapezeka kuti pafupifupi chaka kudzakhala kotheka kuti atumize "Rosette" ku chinthu china - ndi nyenyezi Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

Long zaka 10

Kafukufuku "Rosetta" amayenera kupita mchira wa nyenyezi ya chisanafike equalized ndi liwiro lake, kukhala mnzake kudziwa zotheka ankafika malo ndi kusiya izo gawo "Fila". Kuti zonsezi zichitike, unit anali ndi zaka 10 zungulizani dongosolo dzuwa. Paulendo wake, "Rosetta" anatenga chithunzi cha Mars ndi Earth kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino angapo mobwerezabwereza anawoloka asteroid lamba , ndipo anakumana ndi awiri oimira ake, komanso anajambula iwo. Komanso, pa kukakumana "Rosetta" mafano nyenyezi anapanga Churyumov-Gerasimenko, amene anathandiza kulongosola mawonekedwe ake. Anapeza kuti 67P ndi zowoneka mbali ziwiri zolumikizana ndi Korinto yopapatiza zokwanira. Nkhani ya 67P angapezeke chokhudza bakha labala, kumene mawonekedwe ndi ngati nyenyezi Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Makulidwe "mutu", gawo ang'onoang'ono, 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.0 Km, "thupi" - 4.1 × 3.2 × 1.3 Km.

Mission N'zotheka

Popanda kupita tsatanetsatane, tikhoza kunena kuti poyamba mu mbiri ya anthu ankafika kwa spacecraft padziko nyenyezi sakubwera bwino lonse. The gawo "Philae" ankafika si ndithu kumene zinakonzedwa, ndipo posakhalitsa anathawa nkhokwe mphamvu Komabe, anatha amapereka zambiri padziko lapansi.

Nyenyezi Churyumov-Gerasimenko, lomwe pamwamba pa cithunzithunzi, "Fila" wadutsa mu ndondomeko ya kubzala, mochuluka kwambiri, "anavutika" kwa chipangizo: izo maseche, mokhomerera, HIV ndi zina zotero. Akatswiri analandira deta pa zikuchokera pa, zimachititsa chilumbachi, yokoka. Wapatali zimenezi ndi chifukwa nyenyezi ali ndi zaka chomwecho pamene dongosolo dzuwa, choncho angathe kudziwa zinthu zina zinsinsi za mapangidwe ake.

zotsatira mwachidule

Nyenyezi Churyumov-Gerasimenko, malo chithunzi chomwe chinawathandiza ulitsa pamwamba wagawanika m'zigawo malinga ndi makhalidwe a mpumulo. Mwa dongosolo la tofanana ovuta ndi milu akhala wapezeka mapiri atatu-mita, wamba padziko lonse. Mwina iwo zikusonyeza comets ena.

Pa kufufuza izo anapezeka kuti kachulukidwe wa nyenyezi zinthu theka kukula kwa chizindikiro ichi mu madzi. Asayansi komanso anakwanitsa kukhazikitsa chiŵerengero cha mankhwala organic ndi tizidutswa madzi. Choyamba panali zambiri zimene ziri zosiyana ndi mfundo ofufuza. deta Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti kuganizira amanena za chiyambi cha nyenyezi za: ankaganiza kuti inakhalapo pafupi ndi Jupiter. Umboni Watsopano kwambiri zikusonyeza kuti nyenyezi anafika ku malo ambiri akumidzi a dongosolo dzuwa, ku Kuiper lamba.

Nyenyezi Churyumov-Gerasimenko, ndi njira yodutsamo ndi makhalidwe amene abwera kwa odzitukumula "Rosetta" polojekiti, Sikuti onse zinsinsi wake. chipangizo, kupulumutsa "Fila", komabe silipita ake ndipo akadali kupatsira deta. Ndipo chifukwa n'zotheka kuti ife posachedwapa kuphunzira za kwambiri 67P.