Fraxinus Americana kumene kukula, maonekedwe, chithunzi

Malinga ndi nthano yakale milungu Greek wa phulusa nkhuni anali wofunika abwino kwambiri kwa chilengedwe cha munthu. Ndipo mu ndakatuloyi wake "Works ndi Masiku" lomwe linalembedwa ndi Hesiod limatiuza kuti Zeus analenga anthu pa mkondo wake. Amadziwika kuti wakale Greece Armourers kudula iwo ku phulusa nkhuni.

Mu Greece wakale, mtengo uwu amaona chizindikiro cha chilango cholungama. Mwina chifukwa chimenechi, mulungu wamkazi wa chilango - chilango nemesis - kawirikawiri otchulidwa zojambula ndi nthambi ya phulusa mu dzanja. Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti njoka amaopa phulusa, makamaka madzi ake. Ankakhulupirira kuti ngati chonyowa malaya Ashenvale madzi, youma ndi kuika pa, mungathe kudziteteza pidalumwa chakupha.

Mu Caucasus ndi umodzi mwa mitengo akulemekezedwa. Mibadwo, ng'ombezi kulondera osati mitengo monga munthu, komanso lonse chodzala iwo. Kumeneko iwo adamkozera nsembe miyambo. Pakuti uyu sanali kufunikira za chilango wamagazi, phulusa kukhuta nsembe zimene adampatsa mkaka mankhwala.

M'nkhaniyi, ife angakuuzeni kumene ilo limakula bwino monga izo zikuwoneka. Mungakonde kudziwa momwe ntchito.

Ash (mtengo) mitundu

Lero pali mitundu zoposa makumi asanu a mitengo. Anthu ambiri m'dzikoli:

• Fraxinus Americana - limakula kum'mawa North America. Izo wakonda nkhalango mitundu ndi michere-olemera, chatsanulidwa lonyowa nthaka. Limapezeka pa malo otsetsereka (mpaka mamita 1050 pamwamba pa nyanja), pa mapiri.
• Ash maluwa (woyera) - anagawira mu gawo European la Russia, kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, ku Middle East. Kodi photophilous xero Mesophytes nkhalango deciduous.
• Ash Lancet (obiriwira) - ndi chomera wina amene akuimira mtundu wa phulusa. M'mikhalidwe chachibadwa chimene chimapezeka kum'mawa North America. M'zaka za m'ma XVIII izo anadzetsa chikhalidwe, kenako kufalitsa ndithu ambiri. Mu nkhalango deciduous kupanga kubzala wandiweyani, kukula m'mphepete mayiwe, mapiri yonyowa ndi uplands.
• phulusa European - Sizachilendo mu gawo European dziko lathu, ku nkhalango ya Caucasus ndi Crimea, kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, Asia Minor ndi Mediterranean. Chimakula mu nkhalango deciduous pa dothi Mbali yokhala ngati chonde.

• Ash fluffy (Pennsylvania) - kufalitsidwa ku North America. Populates mitsinje, angamasuke m'zigwa chigumula.
• Manchurian phulusa - wamphamvu mtengo kutalika mamita oposa makumi atatu ndi thunthu awiri a kuposa mita. Kufalitsidwa ku Far East, Eastern Asia. Ambiri akuimira mu nkhokwe ambiri.
• Black phulusa - zimapezeka m'madera a kum'mawa kwa North America. mtengo akula mamita twente-faifi. Chimakula mu nthandala wosanganiza pa gombe la mitsinje ndi nyanja. Mtundu amanyamula yaing'ono madzi patsogolo. Ndithu kawirikawiri ndipamene nthandala koyera.
• Ash nosolistny - yaing'ono mtengo kutalika kwa zosaposa khumi mamita. Thunthu m'mimba mwake - makumi atatu masentimita. Kufalitsidwa ku Far East, Eastern Asia. Izo wakula ena nkhokwe Far East.

The phulusa American (mtengo): Kufotokozera

Ang'ono ndi wamtali mtengo (mamita ku makumi). Amatupitsa yotakata, ovate. nthambi umboni, nthambi achinyamata ali ndi pubescence pang'ono Kamaoneka zofiirira ndi pabuka kulocha. Pambuyo pake tikhale ndi kuwala lalanje mtundu. Nthawi zina zingakhale buluu imvi kapena zofiirira.

Masamba ndi maluwa

mwapadera akhale tsamba la mtengo. Ash ali ndithu mbale yaikulu ndi kutalika - makumi atatu masentimita. Masamba m'mbali serrated kapena lonse. mawonekedwe awo ndi oblong-chowulungika kapena oblong-elliptical. Mapepala zovuta ongokhala mbale zisanu ndi inayi. kutalika si masentimita oposa khumi ndi zisanu, m'lifupi - zisanu masentimita.

Iwo zili petiole yaing'ono (0.4-0.8 cm). The mbali chapamwamba mbale ali akuda mdima mtundu wobiriwira, ndi mitsempha olowa, mmunsi kwa mbandakucha kwambiri. Iwo ali mauna kapena kapangidwe yosalala. inflorescences Pistillate angafikire masentimita khumi m'litali. maluwa ndi dioecious. Calyx mosavuta kuwoneka.

zipatso

American phulusa, zimene ife anaika zithunzi m'nkhaniyi ndi zipatso lionfish. kutalika akhoza zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira masentimita 2.4 kuti 3.4. Mu kutalika mtedza mpaka pang'ono zosakwana hafu impellers. Iwo nthawi zonse cylindrical mawonekedwe, mapiko si m'mphepete.

Fraxinus Americana limamasula kuyambira m'ma April kuti oyambirira May (pamaso masamba). Pa nthawi imeneyi, pamene okonzeka kulandira mungu wa stigmas wa maluwa wamkazi, mwamuna maluwa pafupi zisanathe okhwima. Choncho umuna ndi mungu kuchokera ku mitengo ina. Fruiting kuchokera August kwa October.

Ash zipatso zamafuta (30%), kotero yaitali anthu zapitazo anagwiritsa ntchito chakudya. Mu England m'zaka za m'ma XVIII, iwo anapulumutsidwa mu mawonekedwe mwana ndipo ntchito monga zokometsera zokometsera kuti nyama ndi masamba mbale. Spring mtengo likusonyeza madzi wokoma, amene ntchito m'malo sucrose.

Pa nthaka yachonde ya phulusa American, zithunzi zomwe mungathe kuona m'nkhani, ikukula mofulumira. Zomera ndi Hardy, koma nthawi zina kuwawa masika frosts. Fruiting mtengo twente-faifi kwa zaka makumi anayi. Agwiritsidwa kudziletsa seeding, nthawi zambiri kuthamanga zakutchire.

nthaka

Fraxinus Americana si fussy m'nthaka, koma wakonda nthaka pang'ono acidic chonde. Ndi kusiyana bwino ndi madambo. Sadzalekerera chilala. Nthawi zambiri izo coexists ndi alder, thundu, mapulo. kawirikawiri ndipamene mbali ya mundawu. Iwo Amasintha bwino zinthu mzinda. Mu US, izo zinkakhala ngati chomera yokongola.

kubalana

M'mikhalidwe zachilengedwe, Fraxinus Americana zimafalitsidwa ndi layering, mphukira chopondapo ndi mbewu. M'minda yokumba amagwiritsa ntchito mbewu zomwe zagonjetsedwa kwa chisanadze stratification.

The ntchito mankhwala

Makungwa komanso masamba a phulusa kalekale matendawa ndi inhalation, radiculitis. Nthawi zambiri ntchito ngati mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba ndiponso diuretic, ndipo m'malo lathunthu kwinini. Seren Samonik (dokotala Chiroma) pofotokoza ntchito yake mu ntchito ya mbewu phulusa kuchiza chifuwa, edema, chiwindi matenda. The Germany wakale ndi Agiriki ankati madzi a phulusa ndi wokhoza kuchiritsa kwa cholumidwa ndi.

Today Fraxinus Americana ntchito Kuchiritsa kwamtundu ndi mankhwala wowerengeka. Kupanga mankhwala ndi ntchito makungwa, masamba ndi zipatso za mtengo phulusa. makungwa ndi kukolola m'chaka, ndi masamba - m'chilimwe oyambirira. Masamba muli:

• organic zidulo;
• chakudya;
• mafuta kofunikira;
• carotene;
• Salonina;
• vitamini C;
• tannins.

No zinthu zochepa zothandiza ali kutumphuka ndi:

• phenols;
• chakudya;
• coumarins;
• alkaloids;
• flavonoids.

phulusa formulations zochokera ali zimandilimbikitsa ndi hemostatic, astringent ndi antipyretic, diuretic ndi mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba, antispasmodic ndi antimicrobial, antitussive ndi katundu odana enaake ophwanya.

The kulowetsedwa zipatso ntchito timitu kwa varices. madzi ntchito kupeza mannitol, zomwe mu mawonekedwe zouma ntchito mu zakudya odwala matenda a shuga. Komabe, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti umuna wa phulusa - ndi allergen amphamvu, okhoza hule chitukuko cha kukhudzana dermatitis.

mfundo zosangalatsa

• Mtengo umenewu ali mayina omwe anthu - ankakhulupirira yasennik, yasenina. Nthawi zambiri coexists ndi thundu ndipo mapulo. Zochitika phulusa ndi thundu mu kasupe, anthu anati kuti ngati masamba loyamba kuonekera koyamba pa mtengo waukulu, chilimwe wouma.
• Agiriki akale ntchito madzi masamba phulusa machiritso a zilonda pambuyo analumidwa ndi njoka zaululu.
• Madzi kuwapeza nthambi, anakumba maso ake kusintha masomphenya ndi kuwapanga iwo kuwala.
• Mu Russia, phulusa khungwa ntchito malungo ndi malungo. mitundu yambiri ankalambira bwino. Iwo ankatchedwa "Mtengo wa Chidziwitso", ankaona chizindikiro cha moyo ndi nzeru.
• Mu m'nthano za Ukraine iye munthu azivutika. The wakale mphamvu Scandinavians zachilengedwe munthu phulusa yaikulu, amene anathandiza m'chipinda chotetezeka kumwamba.
• Matsenga, iye anakhala munthu zabwino ndi zoipa. Amizimu ndikukhulupirira kuti mtengo uli mphamvu wamphamvu.
• M'zaka za m'ma XIX mawu "phulusa" linagwiritsidwa ntchito mawu osonyeza chinthu chachikazi.