Mitundu ya makolo

Kuchokera ku Chingerezi, mawu akuti "mwambo" amatembenuzidwa ngati "nzeru za anthu", "chidziwitso cha anthu". Kwa nthawi yoyamba idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wolemba mbiri wa Chingerezi William Thomson. Ku Ulaya ndi America, mawuwa anayamba kumvetsetsa mitundu yonse ya zojambulajambula, kuphatikizapo mawu ndi nyimbo, kuphatikizapo nsalu, kujambula mtengo ndi fupa. Mu sayansi ya zinyama, chikhalidwe chimatchulidwa ku luso la anthu. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya zojambula ndizosiyana kwambiri. Ntchito izi ndi zazikulu, monga epic, nthano, epics, ndi mitundu yaying'ono: chastushki, miyendo, miyambi ndi mawu, ndi zina zotero. Izi zidzakambidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Mitundu yaing'ono yamtundu

Makhalidwe apamwamba omwe amachititsa mawonekedwe a ntchito ndi mawonekedwe a pamlomo a kufalitsa kwawo, kugwirizana kwa chilengedwe ndi mawonekedwe apadera ojambula. Choncho, chiwerengero chimatanthawuza osakhala magalimoto. Pazifukwa izi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zilembo za chastushka, miyendo, miyambi ndi mawu ndizo za iwo. Tiyeni tione ena mwa iwo. Chastushkoy ankatchula nyimbo yachifupi ya ku Russia, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ma quatrains okhutira. Anthu omwe analemba nyimbo izi zinkakonda kugwiritsa ntchito chilembo ndi chidziwitso cha Chirasha. Pa zikondwerero m'midzi, zolembazo zinkachitidwa pansi pa chikondwererochi. Mtundu woterewu unayambira m'zaka za zana la 19 ndipo unapangidwa m'zaka za zana la 20.

Miyambo ndi mawu ndi mitundu ya zolemba zamakono, khalidwe lalikulu lomwe ndilo lalifupi, lokhazika mtima pansi, lokhazika mtima pansi komanso losavuta kuwonetsera. Zina mwa zonena ndi miyambi zimachokera ku ntchito za chikhalidwe cha Russian - nyimbo, nthano, zinsinsi. Miyambo ndi mawu zinasonyeza moyo wa anthu, zochitika za zochitika zachilengedwe ndi zachikhalidwe. Zakale za mabuku a Chirasha, zojambulajambula, zinapindulitsa ndi mawu awo kuchokera kuzinthu zolemba. Mawu amphuno ngati amenewa angapezeke ku Fonvizin, Pushkin, Griboedov, Krylov.

Zikhulupiriro zomwe zapangidwa mu luso lachi Russia, lopangidwa kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo, kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Kotero panali mitundu yamatsenga, kuchokera pachiyambi cha chinenero cha zilembo. Mwachitsanzo, miyendo. Kwa anthu akale kwambiri, moyo wa anthu omwe anali kugwira ntchito yosaka ndi kuswana umaonekera. M'kupita kwanthawi pali zizindikiro kuchokera ku moyo wa alimi. Panali chikhulupiliro chakuti m'chinenero chimodzi sitingagwiritse ntchito mayina a zinthu zomwe zimakhudza zodetsa nkhaŵa zokhuza moyo wanu. Ngati mwambo uliwonse (mwachitsanzo, ukwati), ukhoza kuyenda, molingana ndi zikhulupiriro za anthu, chikoka cha mphamvu zoyipa, ndiye m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku tinkagwiritsa ntchito mafanizo, miyendo, kuti tisatchule mawu oletsedwa. Kupanga mawu atsopano kapena m'malo mwa chiyanjano choletsedwa, ndipo tanthawuzo la izi mu liwu linatayika, koma silinali lofunikira. Kuphatikiza pa puzzles, yomwe inkawonetsera njira ya moyo kapena zochitika zachibadwa, panali zithunzithunzi ndi nthabwala. Mwachitsanzo, funso la mwala umene uli mumtsinje womwe umayankhidwa ndi wothira.

Ntchito za anthu ovomerezeka pakamwa.

Maphunziro a zachikhalidwe ndi osangalatsa osati chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso mwayi wophunzira maphunziro odziwika bwino. Zimadziwika kuti mitundu yaing'ono yamasewera: zolaula, maimba oimba, nthabwala, malirime amtundu, m'malo oyamba, anafunikila ana. Choncho, zidandaulo zinkaimbidwa pamene mwana wakhanda atagona. Mwa iwo, mawu ndi msinkhu anasankhidwa kotero kuti chithunzi cha bata ndi bata chinalengedwa. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito mawu osokoneza bongo: "lyulenki", "gulenki", amatchula katsamba. Kukumbukira manthano a ana, simungaphonye lilime lopangidwa. Ndipotu, amaphunzitsa ana kuti amvetsere, kumvetsera mwatcheru kumveka komanso kutchula zovuta za iwo. Osati mfiti - mavesi achidule ndi zokondweretsa, kupanga ana kuseka ndi kuganiza, kuyerekezera mizere ya ndakatulo ndi mbali za moyo zomwe amazidziwika.

Masiku ano zimakhala ndi moyo watsopano, njira yatsopano ya moyo, komanso kulankhulana pakati pa makolo ndi ana asintha. Makolo ochepa amatha kukumbukira chitsanzo chimodzi cha luso lachikhalidwe, kuimba kwa mwanayo. Ndipo, ngakhale zili choncho, chidwi cha chikhalidwe cha anthu chikhalire.