Epaulettes wa generalissimo lapansi. Mwapamwamba asilikali udindo. Asilikali udindo I. V. Stalina

M'zaka XX m'mbiri yathu yokha Stalin anali epaulets wa generalissimo. Awarding ya mutu wakuti "anafunsa" ogwira ntchito ya wina wa zomera pambuyo chigonjetso Soviet pa Germany mu 1945. Ndithudi, izi "ntchito" ya proletariat anaphunzira anthu onse a Union.

Zochepa kukumbukira, koma Stalin anali kupereka mwapamwamba asilikali udindo wa ufumu tsarist. Zinali chomaliza kunasintha maganizo a Bolsheviks, chifukwa patsogolo kuti mfundo sanasamalidwe zoyesayesa zonse kupitiriza kwa mibadwo. Stalin ankadziwa kuti mu nthawi ino yovuta kwa dziko ndi kupitiriza kwa mwambo wa mzimu wopambana kudana ndi Chikomyunizimu a ufumuwo Russian adzapulumutsa dziko. Mwalowa zomangira - chizindikiro zapadera "alonda lachifumu," udindo Ofisala, amene anali achipongwe yekha tanthauzo la izi, ena mwa maina aulemu latsopano.

Izi kusintha mu ora lovuta kwa dziko anali kugwirizanitsa mphamvu zonse anthuwo ya nkhondo yapachiweniweni. The Germany ankadziwa kuti kufooka kwa Soviet Union - kusiyana m'badwo. Iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito mwaluso ndi kupeza battalions yambiri ya Red Army. Stalin anadziŵa zimenezi ndipo ndi malo a asilikali.

Ndi yovuta kwa dziko mu zaka ndikupita kukhazikitsa kupitiriza kwa mibadwo. Kukangana za zinthu zimenezi, tiyenera kukumbukira mmene zinali Generalissimo mbiri yathu. Ndiponso ndikukuuzani inu mfundo zosangalatsa za Stalin kugwirizana ndi udindo.

Generalissimo mu mbiri ya dziko lapansi

Mawu akuti "Generalissimo" amabwera kwa ife Latin. Kumasulira amatanthauza "zofunika kwambiri." Ichi ndi udindo wapamwamba umene nthawi koyamba asilikali a boma lililonse. Yunifolomu ya generalissimo anapereka osati udindo wa asilikali, komanso boma, ndale. mutu uwu kupereka yekha kwa anthu lapadera.

Izi donedavna mutu ankavala Chan Kayshi (onani chithunzi pamwambapa), mdani wa chikominisi Chinese. Koma lero palibe yogwira Generalissimo dziko. Akusowa mutu ndi ubongo wathu asilikali. Wotsirizayo m'dzikoli amene anali mkulu udindo zimenezi, anali Kim Chen iri - mtsogoleri Korea North, amene anthu ankati kokha kupereka iye mu 2011. Pakuti North Korea si anthu, ndi Mulungu, chizindikiro cha mtundu. Mu dziko lino, pokhala kalendala mwachindunji zokhudzana wandale ameneyu. N'zokayikitsa kuti DPRK angaoneke aliyense ndi udindo ngati mkulu.

History amadziwa generalissimos pang'ono. Mu France, kwa zaka 400, Anthu awiri okha dazeni anapatsidwa udindo. Mu Russia, kuwerenga iwo mu zaka mazana atatu otsiriza, ndi zala chokwanira cha dzanja limodzi.

Amene anali generalissimo loyamba? Baibulo loyamba ya "woseketsa"

Woyamba, amene anali kupereka udindo uwu mu mbiri m'dzikoli, anali anzake Petra Velikogo - Ivan Buturlin ndi Fedor Romodanovsky. Komabe, mwa njira iyi tingathe azigawira aliyense mnyamata kusewera mu bwalo ndi anzanu. Mu 1864, thwelofu chaka Peter anawapatsa udindo wa "mphamvu Generalissimo zoseketsa" pa masewera. Iwo anaimirira patsogolo pa awiri utangoyamba regiments "zoseketsa". panalibe machesi ndi maudindo enieni a nthawi.

Version awiri: Aleksey Shein

Mwalamulo, ndi udindo wapamwamba akuluakulu "atsogoleri zoseketsa" sanali anthu amapereka mwa malamulo olembedwa ndi malangizo. Choncho, ngati Woyesana chachikulu udindo wa mbiri yakale woyamba generalissimo kuitana kazembe Alekseya Sheina. Pa msonkhano wokopa Azov analamula Chiwalitsiro ndi Semenov Regiment. Peter analemekeza ulamuliro wabwino, njira asilikali ndi luso lokonza Shein, amene anali kupereka June 28, 1696 udindo limeneli.

Version zitatu: Michael Cherkasky

Peter Ndinkakonda perekani "ndi wake mbuye phewa" a boma mphoto ndi maudindo. Kaŵirikaŵiri zochita wachisokonezo ndi zina mopupuluma zimene zimaipitsa alipidwa ndi zomveka m'kupita kwa zinthu. Choncho, nthawi ya Peter ine ndinachokera generalissimo woyamba wa dziko la Russia.

Mmodzi wa awa, molingana ndi azambiriyakale Baibulo anali mbuye Michael Cherkasky. Iye anali kuyang'anira zochitika utsogoleri, unali wotchuka m'dziko lapansi. Ndalama iwo anamanga warship kuti ndawala Azov.

Peter Ine kutamandidwa anathandiza kuti dziko. Sanakhale opanda chidwi ndi zina, zazing'ono, koma zinthu zothandiza anthu. Zonsezi, Peter anali kupereka Boyar Cherkassy apamwamba udindo asilikali. Malinga ndi akuti azambiriyakale, zinali December 14, 1695, T. E., miyezi sikisi pamaso Shein.

mutu amapha

M'tsogolo, amene uvale epaulets wa generalissimo, sizinatheke. Pakhala atatu: Prince Menshikov, Duke Anton Ulrih wa Brunswick ndi dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich Suvorov, amene maudindo ndi regalia si nkhani umodzi.

Prince Menshikov, bwenzi lokhulupirika inanyamuka a Peter Wamkulu, anapatsidwa udindo wamng'ono Peter II. Mfumu achinyamata anali kukwatira mwana wamkazi wa kalonga, koma nyumba yachifumu zokhota kangachepe mamba mu njira zina. M'pomveka kunena kuti achinyamata Peter analibe nthawi kukwatira. Pa mphindi yotsiriza, anafa ndi nthomba, kenako Prince Menshikov makirediti maudindo onse ndi mphoto natuma Mabuku awo Berezniki, kutali likulu.

Chofukizira chachiwiri cha udindo wapamwamba asilikali - mwamuna Anny Leopoldovny, Duke Anton Ulrih wa Brunswick. Komabe, iye anali nawo kwa nthawi yaitali. Patapita chaka analinso akusowa mutu pambuyo kupasula banja kuchokera kumpando wachifumu.

Wachitatu, amene anali kupereka ndi udindo waukulu mu ufumuwo, anali A. V. Suvorov. kunkhondo anali lodziwika bwino padziko lonse. mutuwu iye sanayambe chipeneko. Koma tsoka ali kuti anachezera Generalissimo miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kenako anamwalira.

Suvorov pambuyo Russian Ufumu udindo sanapeze munthu. Choncho n'zotheka kudziwa momwe izo zinali Generalissimo wa mbiri Russian kuti Soviet Union. About Stalin mutu nkhani ina.

M'malo tithe - maudindo

Pambuyo zitasintha, Bolsheviks zoipa maganizo zikumbutso aliyense ulamuliro wa tsarist. Maganizo oti "Msilikali" anali mawu akuda. Monga ulamuliro, chotengera cha udindo uwu, anali anakwanitsa kusamuka nthawi, adagwa pansi pa kuzunzidwa kwa akuluakulu a boma. izo zinatha ndi kuwombera zambiri.

M'malo maudindo mu dziko pali dongosolo nsanamira. Mwachitsanzo, wotchuka Chapayev anali mtsogoleri magawano, T. E. Mtsogoleri magawano. A pempho ofunda ndi malo ofanana - ". Comrade chigawo Commander" Iye ankaona waudindo wapamwamba wa polimbana. A pempho mosavomerezeka kwa iye - "Comrade kulamulira," kapena dzina lake: "Comrade Zhukov," "Comrade Stalin," Izo ndizo mutu wa Stalin, nkhondo basi, polimbana ndi Generalissimo sanatero ...

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zvaniyae ambiri ndi asilikali anabwera mochedwa, kokha mu 1940.

dongosolo inalamula

Mu masiku ovuta a nkhondo, utsogoleri Soviet anapitiriza kusintha kwambiri asilikali dongosolo usilikali. Achikulire posts anali anathetsa. Mu malo awo anayikidwa "mfumu" zokongoletsa asilikali ndi maudindo, ndi asilikali yokha sanali "wofiira ntchito wamba" ndipo "Soviet", anayambitsa udindo kutchuka wa alonda.

Anthu ambiri, makamaka okhwima ndi okalamba zoipa anazindikira kukonzanso uku. Iwo akhoza kumvetsa: kapitawo kunali iwo n'chimodzimodzi ndi "wopondereza", "imperialist", "bandit", etc. Ambiri Komabe, kukonzanso uku walimbitsa makhalidwe a asilikali, anapanga zomveka dongosolo kudziletsa ...

Onse a utsogoleri ankhondo a dziko ndi Stalin kudziŵa kuti zonsezi zidzathandiza kuti apambane, kapangidwe streamlined aka ndi. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti pa nthawi iyi udindo wapamwamba wa generalissimo anayambitsa. Komabe, izi wonyenga. Stalin yonse ya nkhondo, mpaka chigonjetso cha polimbana.

Mphotho ya kuwina

Choncho, mpaka 1945 udindo wapamwamba wa polimbana Soviet Union anali. Iwo anali pambuyo chigonjetso, June 26, 1945, anadziwana ndi mutu wa Generalissimo la Soviet Union. Tsiku lotsatira, pa maziko a "pempho" antchito, kunapatsidwa kwa Stalin.

Pa oyamba a udindo osiyana Iosifa Vissarionovicha tinalankhula kwa nthawi yaitali, koma mtsogoleri yekha nthawi zonse anakana maganizo onsewa. Izo zinali kokha pambuyo pa nkhondo, kutsatira zimene tapempha ndi Rokossovskogo anavomera. Dziwani kuti mapeto a masiku ake, Stalin anali atavala yunifolomu ya kulamulira, ngakhale kupatuka pang'ono kuchokera m'malemba. Kuthana "Comrade Stalin" anali kuphwanya lamulo, monga chabe pempho kwa kulamulira, koma mtsogoleri yekha kodi simusamala. "Comrade Generalissimo" ayenera kutsatira pambuyo June 1945 naye.

Pambuyo maganizo Stalin anali kupereka udindo wapamwamba wa atsogoleri ena awiri a Soviet Union - Khrushchev ndi Brezhnev, koma sizinatheke. Pambuyo 1993 dzina limeneli sanali m'gulu utsogoleri wolowezana watsopano wa gulu lankhondo la Chitaganya cha Russia.

epaulettes wa generalissimo ndi

Development wa yunifomu zatsopano kwa mutu anayamba nthawi yomweyo pambuyo kupatsa kwa Stalin. ntchito Izi zinachititsa utumiki kumbuyo kwa Red Army. Kwa nthawi yaitali, zipangizo zonse wachinsinsi monga "chinsinsi" ndi yokha mu 1996, deta anamasulidwa.

Polenga yunifolomu mtundu anayesa kuganizira panopa akulu polimbana a nthambi, koma kulenga chinthu chapadera, mosiyana ndi wina aliyense. Pambuyo ntchito zonse epaulettes wa yunifolomu generalissimo a anafanana Werengerani Suvorov. Mwina kutukula kuti anayesa kukondweretsa Stalin, amene anali wofooka kalembedwe wa yunifolomu ya Russian Ufumu ndi epaulettes, mfundo ndi makhalidwe ena.

Stalin kenako anati kangapo kuti chilolezo kumana Ndinapereka ndi udindo wapamwamba. Iye sanayambe kamodzi kuvala mtundu watsopano wa Generalissimo, ndi chitukuko onse adzagwa pansi pa "wachinsinsi." Stalin anapitiriza kuvala polimbana mawonekedwe - ndi mkanjo woyera ndi kuima mmwamba kolala kapena imvi prewar odulidwa - Yachedwerapo kolala ndi matumba anayi.

Zotheka chifukwa latsopano mitundu kukanidwa

Komabe, kodi chifukwa imene Stalin anakana kuvala yunifolomu? Akukhulupirira kuti mtsogoleri anali ndi maofesi za maonekedwe awo, ndipo ankaganiza pa otsika, homely akale munthu woteroyo mawonekedwe zazikulu adzayang'ana zopusa kupusa.

Ndi chifukwa Baibulo ili, ena amakhulupirira kuti Stalin anakana kupita zazikulu perete za kupambana ndi chizindikiro mchitidwe kugonjera kwa Germany. Komabe, ichi ndi chiphunzitso. Kotero izo zinali kapena ayi, ife, obadwa, likhoza ndikulingalira.